Bacteria on SyringeBacteria on Syringe

Think Back

• List the factors of all living things:

• Hint: (rhymes with FROMER)

An infectious particle made only of a ________________ or ________ surrounded by a ________________ and

can only reproduce inside another living cell. Always

cause infection on its host cell.

_________________ microorganisms that reproduce by

fission and can cause infection.

____________________ ____________________

_____________________________________________

-Any __________________ or ___________________ that can cause an __________________________. -Also known as _________________________.

LIVING THING PARTICLEINFECTIOUS DISEASE

INFECTIOUS AGENT

STRAND OF DNARNA

PROTEIN COAT

ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC

Virus video

1. PROTEIN COAT, (CAPSID)

2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE PART

VIRION: Genetic material surrounded by the capsid.

Size of virus

VACCINES-Use to help prevent organisms from becoming infected by a viruse

* Injects dead virus into body* Exposes immune system to virus

so it has the ability to recognize the virus and destroy it if it enters the body

Bioterror

•Substances made from __________________________.

•Introduce a ___________ into the ________________.

•Stimulate ___________ into action, Which create ________________ and a ______________ record of the pathogen.

•Give organisms ____________ to future infections of same ________________.

DEAD OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS

DISEASEBLOODSTREAM

B-CELLS

ANTIBODIESMEMORY

IMMUNITY

PATHOGEN

1

2

3

45

6

ANIMATION

LYTIC INFECTION LYSOGENIC INFECTION

REGARDLESS OF HOW A VIRUS INFECTS, IT IS ALWAYS INFECTIOUSLYTIC INFECTION LYSOGENIC INFECTION

List five traits of viruses:

1.____________________________

2.____________________________

3.____________________________

4.____________________________

5.____________________________

Indicate if the statements below are TRUE or FALSE. If they are FALSE, make themTRUE by rewriting factual statements.

1.____________________Viruses cause disease only in humans2.____________________ Each kind of virus infects many hosts.3.____________________ The rabies virus will infect only the digestive system of mammals4. ____________________ Cold sores are caused by a virus that remains active.5. ____________________ Viruses are always larger than cells they infect.6. ____________________ Viruses reproduce outside of living cells.7. ____________________ Viruses do not change the hereditary material in the host cell.

___________

___________

___________

___________

FALSEFALSEFALSE

FALSEFALSEFALSEFALSE

1. _________________________:a. __________ known ‘cold’ viruses’b. _____________ as the move from one host to the next

2. _________________________:a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________

- ____________________ of an infection that affects many people

b. _____________ of US population is infected with flu each year

c. Has a high _________________ rate of surface proteins on capsids-________________________________

__________________________________d. __________ influenza subtypes infect ______________e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________

THE COMMON COLD200MUTATE

INFLUENZAEPIDEMICS

RAPID OUTBREAK

20%

Only 3 HUMANSHORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS

MUTATIONMAKING A NEED FOR NEW!

VACCINES EVERY YEAR!

Flu of 1918

How flu invades body

•They are one of two __________________

____________________________

•They are _____________________.

•They contain __________________

• ____________________: (300 could be in a line on the tip of your pencil, but they’re still larger than viruses)

•Found _____________________: (live in water, air, soil, food)

•Classified by ______________

•Can be found as _______________, _____________, or _______________ _______________

•Reproduce by _________________.

•Can be _______________________

MICROSCOPIC

EVERYWHERESHAPE

SINGLE CELLSPAIRS COLONIES

PROKARYOTES

GENETIC MATERIAL

SINGLE-CELLED

HELPFUL or HARMFUL

(Having NO Nucleus)

FISSION

Bacteria Invading Cell

Bacteria video

____________________ ____________________ ____________________COCCI = ROUND BACILLI = ROD SPIRILLA = SPIRAL

1. ______________________:

2. ______________________:

3. ______________________:

Parasites

Saprophytes/ Decomposers

Producers

Feed off of a living host

Use dead materials for food

Contain chlorophyll and make their own food

Streptococcus

Pseudomonas

Cay

Capsule

•No nucleus, (only one main chromosome)

•Cell Wall

•Cell Membrane

•Some have a capsule

•Cytoplasm

•Some have a flagellum

cytoplasm

Flagellum

Chromosome Material Cytoplasm

CapsuleCell Wall

Cell Membrane

Endospore

If conditions were harsh, how would a bacterial cell survive?

_________________________________________________________

What would you say is the most important part of the cell? ___________DNA

IT WOULD NEED PROTECTION AGAINST ELEMENTS

1. ENDOSPORE: _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

a. Bacterium copies its _________________________

b. Produces a _____________ around the copy

2. CAPSULE: __________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

A SPECIALIZED CELL WITH A THICK PROTECTIVE WALL FORMED WHEN CONDITIONS ARE UNFAVORABLE FOR A BACTERIA CELL

chromosome

wall

ADAPTIVE STRUCTURE THAT SURROUNDS CELL TO PROTECT CELL AND ALLOW FOR IT TO ADHERE TO HOST

Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria

Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out: ___________

Whip-like structure: __________

Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material:

___________

Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell: ___________

Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces: ___________

Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live: __________

Gives the cell a basic shape: __________

Contains the traits of the bacteria cell: __________

Helps bacteria cell to move: __________

ENDOSPORE

ENDOSPORE

CELL WALLCHROMOSOME

FLAGELLA

CAPSULE

CELL MEMBRANE

FLAGELLA

CAPSULE

1. ______________________- first destroying bacteria by raising temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers.

2. _____________________-process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria.

3. _____________________-slows the growth of food by lowering their temperature.

4. _____________________-removing the water from foods so that bacteria can’t live there.

CANNING

PASTEURIZTION

COOLING/FREEZING

DEHYDRATION

1. Key parts of animal ____________________________

a. Help animals ___________________ their food

b. Produce __________________ for host animal

c. Keep away ____________________________.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS

BREAK DOWN

VITAMINS

HARMFUL MICROBES

___________________

FERMENTS CHEMICALLY BREAK DOWN

TEXTURES

Bacteria helps, ______________________, (___________________________), many food products that people eat every day.

This gives foods certain __________________ and _______________FLAVORS

____________________

___________________________ ___________________________SAURERKRAUT SOY PICKLES YOGURT SOUR VINEGAR SAUCE CREAM

More recently, bacteria have been used to benefit the _____________________.

_________________________: Solving problems using living organisms.

Use the internet to research the following topics to discover how bacteria is being used in the following areas:

Pest Control

Gas

Insulin

Detergents

------------------------------

WARFARE

ENVIRONMENT

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Chemicals that ___________ or ________________ the growth of bacteriaWork by stopping bacteria from making ___________________.Produced naturally by some species of ________________ and _________________.The can be used as medicine without damage since animal cells do not have ________________.

Resistant bacteria

KILL SLOW

CELL WALLSBACTERIA

FUNGI

CELL WALLS

First Defense:

_______________________

•______________________

•______________________

•______________________

Second Defense:

_______________________

•______________________

•______________________

•______________________

Third Defense:_______________________

Body Coverings

Cuts in Skin

Mucous Membranes

Body Openings

IMMUNE SYSTEM

White Blood Cells

Antibodies

Interferon

Vaccines

•Chemicals made by specialized ____________________

•Help ____________ viruses and harmful bacterium

•May be ________________________________ OR may be held captive until _______________ can surround and destroy it

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

DESTROY

DESTROYED BY ANTIBODIES

macrophage

BACTERIA REVIEW1. What is a common trait amongst all bacteria, (Archea and Eubacteria)?

2. What is a deciphering factor when classifying Archea versus Eubacteria?

3. What are three common shapes of bacteria?

4. How can bacteria be found? (in what arrangement?)

5. Where can they be found?

6. How do they reproduce?

7. What conditions do they need to survive?

8. What do they obtain energy

9. What are communicable diseases?

10. Are bacteria harmful or helpful?

ROUND, (coccus) ROD, (bacilli) SPRIAL, (sprilli)

SINGLE PAIRS COLONIES

EVERYWHERE

FISSION: (one splits into two)

DEPENDS ON THE KINGDOM OF BACTERIA…

THEY ARE ALL PROKARYOTIC, (no nuclei)

THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY LIVE Eubacteria live under neutral conditions, while archaebacteria live under extremes

SOME BACTERAI ARE PRODUCERES, OTHERS ARE CONSUMERS

DISEASES CAUSED BY A PATHOGEN THAT IS SPREAD FROM DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE PATHOGEN

SOME ARE HARMFUL, SOME ARE HELPFUL

1. What is a virus?

2. How is a virus different from a bacterium?

3. How do bacteria reproduce?

4. How do viruses reproduce?

5. Why can medicine be used to treat bacterial infections/disease?

6. Why can medicine not be used to treat viral infections/disease?

7. What things in the body destroy viruses?

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VIRUSES AND BACTERIA?