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Bacteria Information
Also known as Monerans
Definition / Characteristics• Unicellular (one-celled) • Prokaryote (no nucleus)• Some are good and some are bad • Some are autotrophs (make their own food)
and some are heterotrophs (eat food)
2 Kingdoms of bacteria
All bacteria fit in one of these kingdoms:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Helpful• Break down organisms• They change nitrogen to a form that plants
can use• They help make food like yogurt, cheese, and
sour cream• Make medicines
Helpful• Makes cleaners and glue• Help clean up oil spills (process called
bioremediation)• Help break down food in our digestive system• Help to make vitamins
Harmful
• Spoils food (like milk)• Give us diseases like strep throat and lymes
disease• Produce toxins (poisons)
What can we do to reduce the amount of bacteria in our lives?
sterilization
Using high temperatures to kill themEx. wash your hands with hot water
Freezing and refrigeration
Bacteria cannot survive in very low temperatures for a long period of time
pasteurization
Heated and then cooled and kept at cool temperatures
Examples : milk and fruit juice are pasteurized
dehydration
Removal of water (most bacteria need some moisture to survive)
Vacuum packed
Air is taken out so bacteria can’t grow
disinfectants
Special chemicals that kill bacteria
Examples:Bleach LysolSoap
antisepticA disinfectant that can be used on people to kill
bacteria so your wound does not get infectedEx. Neosporin
Hydrogen peroxideRubbing alcohol
antibiotic
A doctor prescribes one – type of medicine that kills the bacteria making you sick
Ex. penicillin
vaccines
Given to prevent getting a diseaseWeak or dead bacteria put into your body so
your body can get immune to it