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B 1.1 BacteriaB 1.1 Bacteria

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Some types of bacteria live in extreme environments where few other organisms can survive.

Bacteria normally have three basic shapes—spheres, rods, and spirals.

Sphere-shaped bacteria are called cocci (KAHK si), rod-shaped bacteria are called bacilli (bah SIH li), and spiral-shaped bacteria are called spirilla (spi RIH luh).

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Bacterial cells are classified as prokaryotic.

Some bacteria also have an outer coating called a slime layer.

A slime layer enables a bacterium to stick to surfaces and reduce water loss.

Many bacteria that live in moist conditions also have whiplike tails called flagella to help them move.

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Fission is a process that produces two new cells with genetic material identical to each other and that of the original cell

Most bacteria are consumers. An organism that uses oxygen for

respiration is called an aerobe (AY rohb). In contrast, an organism that is adapted

to live without oxygen is called an anaerobe (AN uh rohb).

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Bacteria are classified into two kingdoms—eubacteria (yew bak TIHR ee uh) and archaebacteria (ar kee bak TIHR ee uh).

One important group of producer eubacteria is the cyanobacteria (si an oh bak TIHR ee uh).

Archaebacteria are divided into groups based on where they live or how they get energy.

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coccicocci sprillasprilla bacillibacilli flagellaflagella aerobeaerobe anaerobeanaerobe EubacteriaEubacteria ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria