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Bacteria and Viruses
What is a prokaryote? Microscopic Usually ____________ celled Usually have a cell wall, but no
membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells
Archaea Bacteria “Ancient” bacteria Cell walls are chemically different than
other bacteria Found in extreme conditions ex. Yellow
stone national park hot springs.
Characteristics of Bacteria Single celled Can be producers, consumers, and
decomposers. Live everywhere ie. Ubiquitous
Bacteria Shapes Three Shapes
1. Rod- ___________2. _______ -coccus3. Spiral- spirallus
Reproduction Binary fission- divides in half producing
two ___________ “daughter cells”
How do bacteria exchange DNA? Three ways1. Transformation – takes in DNA from the
environment2. Transduction- happens when a virus
injects DNA into a bacterium 3. Conjugation- DNA is transferred from
one bacterium to another when two bacteria are joined together
Bacteria Structure and FunctionOverview 1. Cytoplasm 2. Chromosome 3. Ribosome 4. Cell Wall 5. Gelatin Capsule 6. Flagellum
cytoplasm Gelatin-like, flows inside cell
Contains everything cell needs to carry out life
chromosome (genetic material) Directs cell
activities Provides directions
for all cell processes
ribosome
Makes protein
cell membrane
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Separates cell from its environment
cell wall Supports and
protects the cell
gelatin like capsule
Protects cell Allows bacteria to
stick to surfaces
Prevents bacteria from drying out
flagellum (plural: flagella)
Whip-like tail that helps cell to move
Virus Basics Virus are typically composed of a core of
_____ or _______ surrounded by a ____________
Can reproduce only by infecting _______________
Controversial- living or nonliving
Structure
________ -protein coat includes proteins that enable viruses to enter the host cell Bacteriophages- viruses that infect
bacteria ________ -viral DNA embedded into host’s DNA
Virus Structure Cont
Viral Infections
Living or DeadLiving Evidence Dead Evidence
Obtain and use _____________ Missing many characteristics common to life ie. cell structure, does not respond to stimuli.
Contains _______________ and proteins.
Cannot survive or reproduce without a host cell
Does not perform life functions