Back Yard Poultry in India

8/7/2019 Back Yard Poultry in India

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Bangladesh model poultry.

V.Siva Prasad


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Backyard in india

. Indian backyard population increase is only

by 16% in the last 30 years from 60 to 70

million. China's 76% of total egg comes from

rural backyard production. India requires both

mass production as well as production by

masses.


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Regarding poultry industry

Size of the Industry

Units with 5,000 to 50,000 birds per week cycle are common in the poultry

management

Geographical distribution

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu

Output per annum

Per capita consumption of eggs is only 7.7 per annum in rural areas

compared with 17.8 per annum in urban areas.

Percentage in world market

India was positioned 17th in the world poultry production.

Market capitalization

Poultry industry contribute about Rs 26,000 crore to the national income


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Percapita consumption(egg)

1985 18.32

1990 27.4

1995 29.362000 33.32


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Percapita egg production

1985 18.32

1990 27.4

1995 29.36

2000 33.32


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Proportion of National Poultry Flock Family Poultry

Country Percent of national

poultry population in

family PercentCameroon 70

Central African Republic 80

Cote dIvoire 73

Ethiopia 99

Gambia 90

Kenya 70

Malawi 90Mali 90

Nigeria 93

Senegal 70

Sudan 75

Tanzania 70

Togo 70

Uganda 80

Zimbabwe 25-30Cambodia 90

Indonesia 64

Lao PDR 90

Thailand 10*

Vietnam 70


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Sustainability

intensified competition from large scaleproducers who can exercise significant control

over the poultry value chain (including

concentrated holding of genetic stock ofindustrial poultry by a few multinational

corporations).

the public perception that small units of

production may be dangerous reservoirs of

diseases, specially in the wake of recent

outbreaks of HPAI.


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Egg productions

Country Tonnes

China 17,214,500

U.S.A. 4,506,000

Japan 2,592,000

Russian Fed 1,700,000

India 1,611,000


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Broiler meat(in tonnes)

1985 52.5

1990 270

1995 350

1996 425

1997 485

1998 520

Worlds 21st largest producer of chicken meat.


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Percapita meat gms/person

1985 91

1990 317

1995 3761996 450

1997 500

1998 533


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MODELBREEDER

MINI HATCHERY

CHICK REARER

KEY REARERS

POULTRY WORKERS

FEEDSELLER

EGGCOLLECTORS

Different people role in Bangladesh poultry.


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The Kuroiler: A bird ofhope?

Keggfarms launched the Kuroiler Kegg

+ Broiler in 1993

Huge success in north eastern states when

compared to south.


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There is also growing evidence to demonstrate

the role of small scale poultry in enhancing

the food and nutrition security of the poorest

households and in the promotion of gender

equality.

starvation during lean season reduced by

almost 75 percent in the case of poultryrearing households.


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the public perception that small units of production

may be dangerous reservoirs of diseases,

specially in the wake of recent outbreaks of HPAI.

Governments are already beginning to emphasize

the possible public health risks from small scale

(especially household) poultry

identification of sources of risks may be either

exaggerated or misplaced


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problems

Unfortunately most government extension

programs in the developing countries are not

oriented towards addressing the needs of poor

. private sector organizations (such as Kegg

Farm in India) have invested significantly

towards developing fast growing and more

productive birds without requiring significantadditional inputs.


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scavenging


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motherhood


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Good fencing


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Right environment


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Myths in Rural people


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Vinod Kapur has founded a unique enterprise,

Kegg farms, based on a special poultry chicken he

bred to address the nutritional and income needs

of some of the poorest people on earth: India's

rural villagers. As of November 2006, Kegg farms

was supplying chicks to about 4 million poor

villagers, generating incomes for 700,000

households when they sold the eggs and meat.


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Main hurdles

organizational, not technical

Knowledge levels of the rural people

Disease prevention inputs like feed supply ,quality chicks

`


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Areas to needs attention

towards household nutrition security and

livelihood support but concerted efforts must

be made to find organizational solutions to

minimize public health risks and provide

appropriate extension support on issues like

disease prevention, predation, improving

hatchability, etc.


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Unfortunately most government extension

programs in the developing countries are not

oriented towards addressing the needs of poor

households.

While some private sector organizations (such

as Kegg Farm in India) are doing enough


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Global estimates of such losses are not available but one estimate

suggests that approximate 825 million chicks, guinea keats and ducklings

in Africa die each year as a result of diseases and predators (Sonaiya,

1990b).

scavenging system works well where there is abundance of biomassbase

areas with scarcity of natural resources and poor rainfall (dry and arid

regions, for example), high density of livestock, the competition for

natural resources/surplus material with other species can be severe,

making it difficult for poultry to grow and survive


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Problems facing There are variations in scavenging poultry systems (e.g. in terms of main uses of

birds, severity of constraints), between different ethnic groups and between thelanded and the landless.

The productivity of scavenging poultry systems tends to be low, with high

mortality rates and low hatchability rates.

Newcastle disease (ND), which is widely believed to be the main constraint

affecting scavenging chickens in India, was not the major cause of mortality in the

project locations: the main cause was predation, by birds of prey and mammals. There is considerable scope for improving the productivity of scavenging systems

with low-cost interventions, and this may enhance their robustness in the face of a

burgeoning commercial poultry sector.

Effectively conveying extension messages to potential users will require the use

of mass media (radio in particular, but also newspapers and television) and the

social infrastructure of womens self-help groups.

Policy implications

The emphasis of poultry research and extension should better reflect the priority

needs of poor poultry-keepers,


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The emphasis of poultry research and extension should better reflect the

priority needs of poor poultry-keepers, and extension efforts should be

broadened and give greater emphasis to non-disease issues (notably

predation and hatchability) than is currently the case. Thorough and objective appraisals of needs and constraints should be

carried out by agencies involved in poultry development, and the

appropriateness of ND vaccination campaigns vis--vis other kinds of

interventions should be reviewed in the light of the findings.

Identifying the information needs, sources and preferred media of the

poorer groups and women can increase the likelihood of extensionmessages reaching them and reduce the likelihood of dissemination and

extension strategies reinforcing existing socio-economic differences

within rural communities, and marginalizing the poor and women yet

again.

There is a need for flexibility in communication and extension strategiesto take account of differences (e.g. between districts, villages and

groups); a one size fits all approach is not appropriate.CzechConroy is Reader in Rural Livelihoods at the University of Greenwich. He can

be contacted at the Natural Resources Institute


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Back Yard Poultry in India