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An Introduction To Sociolinguistics
Gender And Age
Gender And AgeGender And Age
1. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
2. Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research
3. Gender and social class
4. Explanation of woman’s linguistic behavior
5. Age-graded features of speech
6. Age and social dialect data
7. Age grading and language change
GENDER AND AGE CHAPTER : 7
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
Tayana Tatyana's Husband
FL: “Tuyuka”FL: “Desano”
“Desano”
“Tuyuka”
“Tuyuka”
1
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
WOMAN MEN
2
≠(SPEAK)
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
3
A B C
D E F
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
[kja’tsa][k3a’tsa]
4
MORPHOLOGY
“BREAD”
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
BISEXUAL
1. Different Language2. Add by suffixes or affixes3. Pronunciation or word-shape (morphology).
Sample 1: Japanese ; Woman’s form Men’s formOtoosan Oyaji = Father
Sample 2: Yana ; Woman’s form Men’s formBa Ba - na = Deer
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities
(Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities)
It mean some forms are used only by woman and other Are used only by men.
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Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research
Western Community
=
Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research
Western Community
Much : IngFewer : In
SWIMMINGTYPING
Frequencies
Much : InFewer : Ing
Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research
Western Community
SWIMMINGTypiING
=SWIMMINTypIN
SWIMMINGTypiING
SWIMMINGTypiING
SWIMMINGTypiING
SWIMMINTypIN
SWIMMINTypIN
SWIMMINTypIN
SWIMMINTypIN
SWIMMINGTypiING
1. Montreal, French = Men more often delete [I] than woman.
2. Sydney = Men more often pronounce the initial sound thing as [f] than woman.Woman tend to use more of
standard forms than men do
Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research
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Gender Social class
1. Men = Vernacular2. Woman = Linguistics Form
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Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
• The social status explanation(Worked) = Standard form(Not Worked) = Vernacular
Woman’s rules as guardian of society’s values
Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Make Misbehavior(TOLERATED)
Make Misbehavior(QUICKLY CORRECTED)
“Syntax”
“Morphology”
Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Vernacular, Relaxed, Informal
Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Subordinate groups must be polite
Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
Vernacular forms express machismo(Macho Connotation of masculinity & toughness)
Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior
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Age-graded features of speech
Lower Pitch(masculine)
Higher Pitch
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Age and social dialect data
More Standard
Vernacularback
Age grading and language change
Often Seldomback
