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Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Bach Sonatas and Partitas for
Violin Solowith Violinist, Heather Broadbent
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Module 6 Partita 3, BWV 1006
E Major Partita
● Preludio● Loure ● Gavotte en Rondeau● Menuet 1 and 2● Bouree● Gigue
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Module 6 - Session 1 Outline1. Prep Work Reminder and You tube Playlist2. E Major Partita Overview Including Measure
Analysis and Comparison3. Scale and Effective Practice4. Preludio Deconstructed5. Practice Sections6. Techie Walk Through7. How to Practice and Practice Ideas8. Action Takeaways
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Prep Work...
The following suggested prep work can be applied to every new movement and really to any new piece you begin in your violin journey.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Video Playlist...
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Performers’ Tempi
Hahn, Perlman: 126
Milstein 132
Barati 112
Ehnes 104
Sarsate 160
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
E Major Partita Overview
● Preludio replaces the more common opening of the Allemande with which Partita 1 and 2 started.
● Loure - The loure, also known as the gigue lente or slow gigue, is a slow French Baroque dance, probably originating in Normandy and named after the sound of the instrument of the same name (a type of musette). The loure is a dance of slow or moderate tempo, sometimes in simple triple meter, more often in compound duple meter.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
E Major Partita Overview
● Gavotte en Rondeau - a gavotte with rondo like returns of the refrain
● Two Menuets - The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, possibly from the French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular group dances called branle à mener or amener.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
E Major Partita Overview
● Bouree - note the French spelling and not the Italian spelling used in the other Partitas. The bourrée is a dance of French origin common in the 17th century and is danced in quick double time, somewhat resembling the gavotte.
● Gigue - note the French spelling and not the Italian spelling used in the other Partitas. A Gigue is a lively piece of music in the style of a dance, typically of the Renaissance or baroque period, and usually in compound time.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Key Signature
● E Major - highest open string on the instrument providing a bright sonority throughout the Partita.
● Symbolic of ascension into Heaven.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
One of the First Recordings
Pablo de Sarasate was one of the first violinists to record Bach’s E Major Partita on wax cylinders.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Measure Analysis and Comparison
M. 1 -8 Introductory Fanfare
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Measure Analysis and Comparison
M. 9 - 28 Tonic Pedal
E
20 measures
M. 59 - 78 Sub Dominant
A
Same exact 20 measures transposed to the Subdominant A
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Measure Analysis and Comparison
M. 29 - 37 Modulation
Modulating to the sixth degree of the scale, C Sharp Minor in measure 37
9 measures
M. 79 - 100 Modulation
Modulating to the second degree of the scale, F Sharp Minor in measure 100
9 measures have been recomposed a fifth below (again to the Subdominant A) and extended
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Measure Analysis and Comparison
M. 38 - 50 Dominant Pedal (sustained tone typically in the bass) and Cadence
G Sharp - dominant for key of C Sharp Minor
13 measures
M. 101 - 108 Recomposed more Chromatic
F Sharp Minor
No Dominant Pedal - Transitions to new sequence with dominant pedal
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Measure Analysis and Comparison
M. 51 - 58 Modulatory Sequence to Key of A Major in measure 58
G Sharp - dominant for key of C Sharp Minor
8 measures
M. 109 - 138 To Dominant Pedal and Tonic Cadences
Dominant Pedal can be seen as the first note of Measures 120 - 122
Finalizes to Tonic - E Major Arpeggio in the last measure
20 measures
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Time Signature
3/4
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Available Accompaniments
Bach wrote an orchestral accompaniment for the Preludio:
sinfonia cantata no 29 by Bach Prelude accompaniment
Schumann wrote piano accompaniment for the Preludio
This accompaniment turns the movement into a 19th Century Moto Perpetuo
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Arrangements
Rachmoninov transcribed his version for piano
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
How to Create a Scale Study for Preludio?
● Take an E Major scale and play across the instrument in first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth positions.
● Vary the scale with broken thirds, fourths, two, three, four note patterns and different rhythms and/or bowings
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Create your most effective practice sessions...
● Use a Practice Journal● Video included in website page● Even if journalling is not your
thing...always keep track somehow, somewhere the measures that need to be worked on so your practice sessions can be most effective.
● Always know the 3 things you are going to work on the next day.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Preludio Deconstructed...
● Play through first note of every measure
● Play through first note of every beat
Intriguing study…..
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Preludio Practice Sections...● M.1-6
● M. 7-12
● M.13-16
● M.17-28
● M.29-32
● M.33-35
● M. 36 - 38
● M. 39 - 41
● M. 42 - 46
● M. 47 - 50
● M. 51 - 52
● M. 53 - 54
● M. 55 - 58
● M. 59 - 62
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Disecting Measures 17 - 29 and 67 - 78
● Doublestops● Open Strings Only 36 Reps - sticky then smooth● 1 measure play 1 measure rest 12 times
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Disecting Measures 17 - 29 and 67 - 78
● Left Hand - know position, fifth position
● Doublestops and then Singles
● Know Shifts and Isolate● M. 19 - 20● M. 20 - 21● M. 22 - 23● M. 24 - 25● M. 26 - 27
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Disecting Measures 43 - 51
● Doublestops for the bow● Left Hand Triplestops● Right Hand Open Strings (Stickies)
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Metronome Work in Sections
● Double check all measures with a metronome● Keep track of challenging measures and isolate
with TLC
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Practice Tips...
● Rhythms and delayed rhythms (long, short and short long)● Triples● Delayed Triples● Double Stop Study - Identify and Play ● Know Covered Fifths
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
String Crossing Tips
● Minimize Motion● Use smallest muscle groups● Practice with open strings● Play on the Inside of the Strings● Keep upper arm still● Movement stems from the elbow
then the wrist● Know “home” string
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
String Crossings 2
● String Crossings - Play only opens BLEND
IMPORTANT! All string crossings stem from the elbow!
● Anticipate String Crossings and know bow direction on new string
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Techie Walk Through, First Two Pages
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Preludio First Play Through1. Set beginning metronome marking at a slow tempo; for example, 60 - 80
2. Have a play through with separate bows
3. Immediately mark missed accidentals and where half steps occur if needed
4. Mark measures with challenges (if you have more than 3 for the first half, lower
metronome marking)
5. Mark cautionary fingerings, if needed
6. Mark where to hold fingers down, if needed
7. Take note of covered fifths.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Preludio How to Practice1. Practice with Rhythms, short long, long short, triplets (still separate bows)
2. Double, Triple Stop Exercise
3. Accents! Play through stressing first, second and third note (still separate bows)
4. Slur 2, 4, 8 notes to a bow and to challenge yourself, groups of 3 notes to a bow
(improves smooth playing, string crossings and left hand accuracy)
5. Experiment with musicality, dynamics, note stress, bowings, etc.
Copyright Heather Broadbent 2016 www.heatherbroadbent.com
Action Takeaways
● Practice with rhythms● Doublestop Study● String Crossing Study● Practice Big Sections we talked about
first