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Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Chapter 2
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Daltons Atomic Theory (1808)
1. ____________ are composed of etremely small
particles called atoms! All atoms of a "i#enelement are
identical! The atoms of one element
are different from the atoms of all other elements!
2. ____________ are composed of atoms of morethan one element!
The relati#e num$er of atoms
of each element in a "i#en compound is al%ays
the same!
3. _______________ in#ol#e only the rearran"ement
of atoms&atoms are not created or destroyed in
chemical reactions!
'!1
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2
'!1
a% of _________________________________
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8 X2Y16 X 8 Y+
'!1
a% of _________________________________
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!! Thomson, measured mass*char"e of e+
(10- .o$el /rie in /hysics) '!'
A alpha
2 "amma
3 $eta
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e-char"e +1!-0 10+13
Thomsons char"e*mass of e+ +1!4- 1083*"
e-mass !10 10+'8"
Measured mass of e+
(1'5 .o$el /rie in /hysics)
'!'
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(Uranium compound)
'!'
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'!'
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1! atoms positi#e char"e is concentrated in the nucleus
'! proton (p) has opposite (6) char"e of electron
5! mass of p is 1870 mass of e+(1!-4 10+'7")
particle #elocity 1!7 104m*s
(9: speed of li"ht)
(108 .o$el /rie in 3hemistry)
'!'
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atomic radius 100 pm 1 10+10m
nuclear radius 9 10+5pm 9 10+19m
Rutherfords Model of
the Atom
'!'
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3had%ic;s
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?u$atomic /articles(Ta$le '!1, p!5-)
/articleMass
(")3har"e
(3oulom$s)3har"e(units)
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_______________(@) num$er of protons in nucleus
______________(A) num$er of protons 6 num$er of neutrons
atomic num$er (@) 6 num$er of neutrons
___________are atoms of the same element () %ith different
num$ers of neutrons in the nucleus
XA
Z
=11 = (D)'1 = (T)51
B'59' B'58'
Mass .um$er
Atomic .um$er
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'!5
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How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in C146 ?
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in C116 ?
Do Cou Bnderstand Isotopes
'!5
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/eriod
E
roup
Al;ali
Metal
.o$leEas
=a
lo"en
Al;ali
