BA 2/25 What are some ways that people today

question accepted beliefs? What were scientific contributions of

Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton?

Scientific Revolution

SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans. a.Explain the scientific contributions of b.Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and c.Newton and how these ideas d.changed the European world view.

Scientific Revolution

Before 1500’s, scholars determine facts by reading ancient Greek and Roman works and the Bible

Scientific revolution: new way to think about natural world using observation and questioning of accepted beliefs

3 Reasons for Scientific Revolution

1. Discovery of new lands, people, and animals during Age of Exploration

1. Opened Europeans to the possibility that there were new truths to be found

2. Invention of printing press helped spread challenging ideas

3. Discoveries in astronomy and math due to sea navigation

Ex: astrolabe Made observations that did not match ancient

beliefs

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus Polish astronomer

Studied the stars for over 25 years

Invents the heliocentric theory

Heliocentric theory: belief that the sun is the center of the universe Stars and planets revolve around the sun

Hid his findings until the last year of his life (1542) Afraid of being called a heretic (video)

Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler

German mathematician

Discovers that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits

Further proves Copernicus’ theory nearly 60 years after it was published

(video)

Galileo Galilei

Galileo

Italian scientist

Creates a telescope to study the planets

3 Discoveries:

1. Jupiter had 4 moons2. Sun had dark spots3. Moon had a rough, uneven surface

Galileo continued

Findings went against the Church

Church afraid people would question more church teachings

Sent to Inquisition in 1633 Signed a confession that his findings were false

under fear of torture

(video)

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton English scientist and mathematician

Discovered gravity and the laws of motion

3 Laws of motion:

1. Mass

2. Acceleration

3. Momentum (video)

Newton Australian Project

Schoolhouse Rock

Impact of Scientific Theory Creates Scientific Method

Scientific Method: logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

5 Steps of Scientific Method:

1. Problem or question

2. Hypothesis

3. Test hypothesis

4. Data analysis

5. Conclusion

Impact of Scientific Theory continued

Scientific method spreads to:Scientific instruments: microscope,

thermometer, barometer, and Celsius scale

Medicine: vaccine for smallpox

Creation of chemistry and elements

Ideas challenged ideas, government, and the Church (video)

Graphic Organizer

Fold sheet of paper into fourths (one section each for Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton)

List major contributions of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton

Draw an illustration for each (should have 4 illustrations total)