!!!!

B2!!!P.!Filippetto!!!

cloze!&!word!transformation!!

handout!no.!3!

Don't forget your hatAn important point to remember if you like spending time out in the (0) .. air is

that the human head doesn't work very well outdoors if it becomes too hot, cold

or wet. That's why a hat is a good investment, wherever you're planning to go out

and (1) . .. .. . . Surprisingly, a single waterproof hat with a brim will do the (2) . '.. ..

adequately in most conditions

ln cold climates, the problem is that the head is (3) ...... heat all the time. As (4)

as fifty to sixty percent of your body's heat is lost through the head and neck, (5) .

on which scientist you believe. Clearly this heat loss needs to be prevented, but it's

important to remember that hats don't actually (6) ...... you warm, they simply stop

heat escaping.

Just as important is the need to protect your neck from the effects of (7) '.. ..

sunlight, and the brim of your hatwill do this. lf you prefera baseball cap, (8) ......buying one that has a drop down 'tail' at the back to stop your neck (9) ...... sunburnt.

And in wet weather (10) ...... , hats are often more practical than pulling up the hood

of your waterproof coat because when you (11) . . . . . . your head, the hat goes withyou, (121 ...... the hood usually does not.

Don’t&forget&your&hat&&

open&& & &clear!!

long! ! around! much! ! depending! turn! !

task!! bright! ! giving!away! ! job! ! about! !

whereas! ! !suffering! ! sending!out! ! regarding!

occasions! ! stay! ! conditions! ! sharp! ! consider!

getting!! switch!! ! suggest! rather!than! ! keep! !

Penguins on the moveFor years, the penguins at San Francisco Zoo were happy (0) .. their lives. Theyused to go for the occasional swim during the summer, but spent the winter resting intheir burrows - only coming (13) .. .. .. at mealtimes when fish was provided for them.

Then one day, six new penguins, (14) ...... had been entertaining the visitors at atheme park in San Diego, arrived to share the pool. These new arrivals immediatelydived in to show off their swimming skills. Ever (15) .. .. . that moment the pool hasbeen alive with fiftytwo birds swimming around nonstop, (16) .. .... if they were goingon a long journey.

'(171 ...... I know a lot about penguins,'said one zookeeper,'l don't know (18) ......to explain this. lt's (19) .... watching fifty-two tuxedos going round in a washingmachine!'

Scientists, (20) . .... , think they may have the answer. Apparently, penguins are verysocialand inquisitive birds, and (21) ...... new individuals join a group, they alwayscreate a lot of interest.

ln the wild, penguins of this type typically swim thousands of miles each year(22) ...... search of food, and it (23) ...... thought that the behaviour of thenewcomers may (24) ...... reawakened the migratory instinct in the San Franciscobirds. This has certainly made them firm favourites with visitors to the zoo.

The sky at nightFor anyone with a (0) .. for the study of the night sky, FASCINATE

Hawaii is one of the best places in the world to get a clear view

of the stars and planets. This is because of the island's geographical

setting. Because it is a (25) ...... area, situated in the middle of MOUNTAIN

a large expanse of ocean, Hawaii is much less affected by light

(26) ...... than most other parts of the world. POLLUTE

lf you are (27) ...... enough to go to the top of the dormant volcano FORTUNE

known as Mauna Kea, the view is even more (28) .... . The IMPRESS

volcano, which rises to a (29) ...... of 4205 metres is one of the HIGH

best places in the world to get (30) .... views of the night sky INTERRUPT

and therefore is the location for more than a dozen of the

world's finest telescopes.

Of special significance is the WM Keck Observatory where there

are a pairof extremely large and (31) ...... telescopes. ln recent POWER

years these telescopes have been responsible for the (32) DISCOVER

of around forty new planets beyond our solar system. By proving

the (33) ...... of these planets, astronomers have increased the EXIST

(34) . .... that one day another inhabited planet like our own PROBABLE

will be found.

Boots for AfricaSheffield Football Club was (0) ... one-hundred-and-fifty years ago, and is the

oldest in the world. As part of its anniversary celebrations, the club has (1) ... .. .

forces with the world's largest express transportation company, FedEx Express, in a

charitable scheme (2) ...... as Boofs forAfrica. The (3) .'.... of the scheme is to send

more than two thousand pairs of used football boots to South Africa. The boots will

be given to young people living in remote rural areas who are (4) .' in taking up

the sport and (5) ...... up local teams'

Sports organisations in Africa are giving their (6) ...... support to the scheme

which will help make the game more accessible to thousands of young people and

could have a beneficial (7) . .. on the country's performance in future World Cup

championships.

People in Sheffield are, (8)...... , being asked to donate anyfootball boots, astro

boots or football trainers of any size to the scheme. All the boots donated must be

in good (9). . .. , completewith lacesand studs. Local businessesand schools

who may be able to donate more than one pair of boots can receive a special'group donation pack'. This pack (10) ...... posters and leaflets, which can be used

to publicise the scheme, plus collection bags to encourage people to (11) ...... adonation. The club's website has (12) ...... information about the scheme.

An influential cookDelia Smith is one of the (0) .. widely respected cookery writers in Britain. She has

made regular appearances in television cookery programmes (13) .. ... . over thirtyyears, and more than ten million copies of her cookery books have (14) ...... sold.

Delia always says that her realskill is communication (15) ..... than cooking. lndeedshe had no formal cookery training (16) .... she began writing on the subject in adaily newspaper in 1969. Delia writes simple step-by-step recipes (17) ...... eveninexperienced cooks can follow. What's (18) ...... her recipes are tried-andtested,Delia has made them successfully (19) .... least twenty times before they appearon television or in one of her books.

Because people trust Delia's recipes, they tend to take her advice (20) .... largenumbers. ln 1998, after Delia presented three programmes devoted (21) ...... thecooking of eggs, sales of eggs in Britain increased by fifty-four million. Similarly, salesof cranberries increased by thirty percent after Delia included (22) ...... of the littlered berries in a recipe for cooking roast duck. ln supermarkets across the country,

shoppers were demanding cranberries, (23) ...... unfortunately there were none leftto buy.

Cooking is not Delia's only interest, (241 ...... . She is also a director of her local

football club, where she runs a restaurant at the ground.

Young artists on disPlaYThe road to Elgol on the lsle of Skye provides one of the most

(0) .. .. and beautifuljourneys in Scotland. lt was an

(25) ...... clear and lovely day when I travelled there to see

an (26) ...... of paintings by local primary school children'

t]

]:r' tne e7) ...... designed school overlooks the sea, just next to

the little harbour from which fishermen and boatloads of

(28) ..... set out. From the playground the children have

(29) ...... views of the nearby Cuillin Mountains and the

gigantic cliffs along the seashore.

That the children take (30) ...... in their local environment is

evident in their art work. I saw some very fine landscapes

on display, and in the booklet of artists' profiles produced

to (31) ...... the show, several of the young artists expressed

their interest in either the local landscape or the sea. Each

child had chosen a (321 ...... piece to be framed, and these

made a very (33) ...... display. Not surprisingly, all the

framed paintings were soon bought by (3a) ...... visitors

to the school.

SPECTACLE

SPECIAL

EXHIBIT

TRADITION

TOUR

WONDER

PROUD

COMPANY

FAVOUR

EFFECT

ENTHUSIAST

COFFEE CULTURE

The other day lwanted a cup of coffee, so l(0) ..... into the bank. lsat in a soft armchairand watched the world (1) , which, in this case, was the (2) for the services of thebank clerks. l'm joking, of course, but this could soon be common in banks in big cities.

Ihe (3) ..... for'real coffee'in Britain. likethatfor mobile phones, seems never-ending.However, the (a) ..... is that the attraction for many British people (5) ..... not so much inthe coffee as in the 'coffee culture' that surrounds it. This is to do with big, soft sofas andthe idea that if you sit on one, you too can (6) ..... the actors in the American TV comedyFriends.

ln London, the first caf6 opened in 1652. Men would (7) there, often at (8) ..... timesduring the day, to (9) ..... news and gossip. discuss (10) of the day and (11) .....business. The caf6s acted as offices and shops in which merchants and agents, clerks andbankers could carry out their ('lZ1 . .... .

ln London today it is (13) ..... that there are more than 2000 caf€'s and the number is

(1a1 . lt won't be long before coffee is sold everywhere. You can already buy it inhospitals. motorway service stations, supermarkets and at tourist (15) throughoutthe country.

1 A fly past B go by2 A queue B line3 Ademand B development4 Asense B suspect5 Aleans B lies6 Abe Bfeel7 Abring Bfetch8 Aregular Bright9 Agive B exchange10 Athoughts B issues11 Amake B perform12 Atrading B transactions13 Aestimated Bguessed14 Araising B growing15 Ascenes B points

C pass onC waitC claimC suspicionC occupiesC joinC takeC correctC offerC feelingsCdoC informationC takenC succeedingC attractions

D walk alongD searchD supplyD styleD restsD contactD gatherD perfectD establishD circumstancesD formD worksD toldD remainingD matters

SPORTS TOURISM

Hundreds of thousands of fans travel worldwide to watch (0) . .. . ..Qhe]f ..... '. favouritesport - an international match, a tennis championship, a Formula One Grand Prix.

ln recent years (16) ... has been a huge increase in sports tourism.(17) . longer are people content to (18) ... in an armchair towatch their teams or sporting stars on television. They want to be (19)the action is, (20) ... they pack their bags and head straight for the airport.

ln (21) ... to the usual sporting events, the Olympic Games are held(ZZ, .. . . . . . . . . four years. The Olympics may only last a couple of weeks, but(23) affect the host city for several years before. New facilities(24) to be built, not just for the Games themselves (25)also for the thousands of international visitors (26) . .. come to stay. Theeffects are also felt outside the host city (27) ... many visitors choose toexplore the surrounding region, and this (28) a lasting effect on tourismin the country. For example, (29) ... the 1992 Olympic Games were heldin Barcelona, in Spain, the city has (30) .". an extremely populartouristdestination.

VOICES FOUNDATION

Voices Foundation is a music education (o)Q.r.441i.?ALio..4 . tts founder,

Susan Digby, believes (56) ...... that learning to sing is the

best way to introduce children to music. 'Playing a (57) .

instrument is difficult, and the (58) ... ...... of children who begin

usually give up, but everyone has a voice,' she says.

Digby s (SS1 ... ... for the Foundation came when she was

travelling in Hungary. 'People there believe that a child's

(60) ... ...... benefits from music education, and it has

a (61) . ........ effect on other skills, like

(62) ...... and linguistic skills. Music education provides a

training which extends children's (63) ...... and listening

powers.' Digby believes that if children get (64) ......... from

singing, they are more likely to learn an instrument (65) .

when they are older.

ORGANISE

PASSION

MUSIC

MAJOR

INSPIRE

DEVELOP

SIGNIFY

MATHEMATICS

COMMUNICATEENJOY

WILL

PAPER 3 Use of English Paft I

For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.There is an example at the beginning (0).

Mark your answers on the separate answef sheet.

Example:

0 A common B frequent G general D routine

The sticking plaster

Nowadays, one of the most (0) ..... items found in the home is the sticking plaster.

Protecting a cut by covering the affected area with a piece of matedal that sticks to the skin may

seem a rather (1).....idea, so it is perhaps surprising to learn that the plaster was not (2) ..... until

about ninety years ago.

The person who thought (3) .....the idea was Earle Dickson, an employee of the Johnson &

Johnson company. Concerned that his wife Josephine sometimes (4)..... accidents while cooking

and doing other jobs, he used pieces of cotton material placed inside strips of sticky tape to

cover her injuries. This prevented dirt getting into the (5) .....and protected it from furlher harm

as she did the (6)..... .

Dickson's boss was impressed, so in 1921 Johnson & Johnson put the new sticking plaster into

(7).....under the brand name Band-Aid. Sales at first were slow, but somebody at the company

came up with the (8) ..... idea of giving free plasters to the Boy Scouts. This created publicity

and from then (9)..... it became a commercial success. Dickson was (10)..... within the company,

eventually becoming a senior executive.

Although the basic design of the sticking plaster has remained similar to the (11) ..... , there have

been many developments in the materials used and it is now (121 ..... in a variety of shapes, sizes

and colours. Total worldwide sales are believed to have exceeded 100 billion.

116 I Test 3 Use of English Part 1

I A clear

2 A realised

3 Aup

4Adid5 A wound

6 A homework

7 A creation

8 A keen

9 A after

10 A raised

11 A model

12 A available

B evident

B imagined

B over

B had

B damage

B household

B formation

B bright

BtoB lifted

B original

B achievable

C plain

G invented

Cin

C made

C breakage

C housework

C production

C eager

C since

G advanced

C sample

C accessible

D obvious

D dreamt

D forward

D took

D tear

D homecoming

D construction

D shining

Don

D promoted

D standard

D attainable

Use of English Part IiL-

Test 3 I ttl

Use of English Paft 2

For question s 13-24, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap'Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers lN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: tr I N

Diving in the Red Sea

The Red Sea coast of Egypt is surely one of the best places (0) ....iL.... the world to go underwater

diving. lts hot sunny climate and clear warm water make it the ideal place for beginners as

(13) ............as for experienced divers, at any time of the year'

Q,fi,

(14) ............over fifty diving centres in the area, many iJifferent types of diving are possible. At

centres for complete beginners there are training courses (15)............inc|ude simple dives with

a qualified instructor. These dives (16) them used to being underwater and teach some

basic skills (17)............as swimming and breathing below the sudace.

More experienced divers can choose (18)............a vast range of possible activities and many of

these can be enjoyed (19) ............as paft of a group or, if they prefer, alone. Some like to explore

the coast of the National Park, where the steep cliffs extend underwater to a depth (20) ....'...'..'

more than seventy metres. For dives of (21) kind it is advisable to be accompanied by a

guide, on (221 of the strong currents which can suddenly change direction.

For really advanced divers, there are some fascinating wrecks at (23) bottom of the Red

Sea. (24) visits to these old ships require quite long boat trips, it is well worlh going just

to see the huge variety of beautiful plants and fish down there.

118 I Test3 Use of English Patt2

Test 3 Use of English Part 3

For questions 25-34, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: |^0J s U R P R 1 S 1 N G L Y

Hot-air balloons

Riding in a hot-air balloon is a (0) ®ySPX!?}!}8z. calm and peaceful experience, quite (25) any other form of flying. With no engines to provide power, a balloon depends (26) on the winds around it to move in any direction. (27) , the maximum speed is normally around 15 kilometres per hour.

SURPRISE LIKE ENTIRE CONSEQUENCE

This kind of balloon is based on the simple (28) principle that the (29) of hot air is less than that of cold air. It is not, however, a large (30) , as a cubic metre of hot air is only about 250 grams lighter than the same amount of cold air. This means it takes (31) four cubic metres of hot air just to lift one kilo, which explains why balloons that carry people have to be so enormous.

SCIENCE WEIGH DIFFERENT

ROUGH

A gas burner is used to (32) the air inside the balloon, causing it to rise. To go up more slowly, or to make a (33) hot air is ?*> released from the top of the balloon. The fact that the wind blows in different directions at different heights (34) the pilot to steer the balloon left or right by moving it to higher or lower positions in the sky.

HOT DESCEND

ABLE

Use of English Part 3 TestS I 119

The importance of drawingln the nineteenth century, John Ruskin, an English writer and art critic, made great efforts to (0) ...

people to draw. He believed that drawing was a skill that was greatly neglected in schools and

(1)..... that it was more important to the human (2) than wrjting.

ln order to do something to improve the (3)..... , he published two books on drawing and gave a

series of lectures at the Working lvlen's College in London. His books were (4) ..... read, and his

lectures (5) ... large audiences. This further (5) . Ruskin's belief that everybody should be given

the opportunity to learn how to draw.

Ruskin's efforts were not (7) ..... at turning people into good artists but at making them happier. For

him, drawings were of value even when they were done by people with no talent, as drawing teaches

people to (8) ..... things rather than just to see them. He felt that when we are involved in the process

of drawing something, we have to look at it very (9) ... . and become aware of the different parts

which (10) .... up the whole. It is in this way that we (11) .. to a deeper appreciation and (12) ....

of the thing itself.

Mountain climbing

The wodd's highest mountains are to (0).......... found in the Himalayan and Karakoram ranges,

fourteen of them are more than 8,000 metres high. Some of the routes up these mountains are not in

themselves very difficult, but ('13) .......... makes climbing them hard is the high altitude. This leadsto

tiredness and the need to stop and set up camp more often. This means the climb takes longer and

that, (14) turn, means the climbers risk encountering difficult weather conditions

Before climbing became a sport, people had only climbed above 5,000 metres (15).......... hunting

and trade purposes, but nobody had spent any length of (16).... above that height. At

(17)...... an altitude, breathing becomes difiicult. (18).......... the body can, to a certain extent,

(19)... used to the thinner air, (20) .......... are still many dangers, not least surviving in

extremely cold, windy conditions.

Yet, in spite of the dangers involved, (21) .......... thing is clear - there has never (22) a

shortage of people prepared to take up the challenge. The fascination with climbing the world's

highest mountain is summed up bythe climber, George lvlallory. When asked (23) ........... he wanted

to climb lMount Everest, he is supposed to (241 .......... replied, 'Because it's there.'

lntroduction to a mail-order catalogue

To select products for (0) ..... in our catalogue, we collect information from a

wide (25) ...... of sources We consult people who have recognised technical

expertjse and study reports that appear in relevant publications. We then ask

an independent panel of testers for their (26) ...... . However, we realise that it

is not enough to take account (27) . of the opinions of experts and so we

make a point ofalso asking ordinary (28) ...... what they think

As soon as this process is complete, we (29) ...... analyse all the information on

thousands of products so that we can identify the ones which, it is our (30) .. . ... ,

qualjfy as bejng the best of their type in terms of design, functjon, (31) ... .. . and

value for money.

We are therefore confident that our catalogue contains totally (32)......

information and that it consists only of (33) ...... products that we feel you will

want to order. However, if for any reason you are at all (34) ... ... with a product

you have ordered from us, do remember that every purchase carries a money-

back guarantee.

INCLUDE

VARY

JUDGE

SIMPLE

CONSUME

CARE

BELIEVE

PERFORM

RELY

EXCEPT

HAPPY

CIRCUS CHILDREN

When the Moscow State Circus (0) on its annual tour of Europe, the younger membersof the circus are still expected to (1) ..... with their education. The circus usually (2) ..... fora few days in each town, so how do the young performers manage?

One twelve-year-old gets up at the crack of (3) ..... to practise her act before (4) ..... off toschool. She returns at lunchtime to her family's caravan and more practice. Not only doesshe work (5) ....., but she also has to make a whole new (6) ..... of friends each time shemoves on. 'lt's exhausting work but I like the circus (7) .....,'she says. 'The worst (8) ..... is

when I make new friends and have to leave them, although I try to (9) ..... by letter.'

The Russian who runs the circus makes (10) that allthe children get a propereducation. When the circus first arrives in Britain, he (11) ..... the traveller education serviceand gives them the (12) of all the children. and when they will be in certain towns andcities. 'lts a fantastic (13) ,' he says. 'l receive a (14) ..... when we reach the next towntelling us where to meet. We are then accompanied to the school and introduced to thehead teacher. lt works like (15) ..... .'

1 A progress2 A slows3 A dawn4 A following5 A strict6 A form7 A life8 A section9 A keep in view

10 A sure11 A connects12 A facts13 A system14 A sign15 A lightning

B maintainB stopsB morningB leavingB difficultB gatheringB wayB pieceB keep in touchB def initeB noticesB detailsB habitB signalB clockwork

continueplacesdayheadingstrongsetlivingpartkeep in lineimportantreachesquantitiesplanmessagenew

D f urtherD movesD lightD directingD hardD collectionD typeD sideD keep in mindD timeD contactsD demandsD orderD wordD wildfire

PETER BENCHLEY LIKES SHARKS

Peter Benchley, the author (0) ..y.4p...... wrote the novel/arazs, thinks it may be partlyhisfaultthat people don't like sharks. The movie. (16) ... ...... on his book, involveda terrifying monster fish (17) main purpose was to attack anyone(18) ...... everyone in the ocean.

ln (19) sharks kill approximately 12 people a year. ln (20) ..:......people kill millions of sharks every year and (21) to 90 per cent of greatwhite sharks have been (221 .. ...... out. Peter Benchley admits, 'l createdsomething that doesn't exist-' He hopes to set (23) record straight with anew documentary film he has made. The film focuses (24) ...... some of themore attractive aspects of great white sharks. For (25) one extremely bravediver demonstrates that when you touch a shark on the nose, (26) ......... goesvery still.

Benchley grew up in Massachusetts in the US and (27) a large part of hischildhood swimming in the ocean. He got the idea for Jaws (28) ... .,.... anewspaper article about a man who caught a shark which (29) ......... about2,000 kilos. When the movie was made, Benchley had the opportunity to appear(30) ...... an actor, playing the reporter on the beach just before the sharkattacks for the first time.

Rocky road

We {O) . lhe specal lraln at Vancouver Railway station at 7am. lhe b€glnning ol our tour

lhrcugh the hean or canada's Rocky Mountains, and soon @ wee on or (r) . I rooked

around, (2)......... how spacious the cadages we€. and lhen @lked down lo the @aroflh€ lEin,

wheG rfound a cadagewilh huse windows. The(3)..... onthelrainwasoneorexclemant ll

was nor (4) .. .. . befoE I was chatlins to fellow passengeB. .s we enroyed a delicious b€akfatt

We moved arons at a good (5)..... , but the train slowed dow. ror piclure-lakins wheneler we

(6)..... places or interesl Thisacllvlywas(7)........ by an inteEsling commentary rion ourlolr

Wo rollo@d lhe (8).. ... or lho Fraser River and as th€ moming aent (9).... .... , rhe clouds

beqan to disappearandwe could see the cou.lryslde n allitsolory lwas suPrised bylhe changos

in th6la.dscape The ich g@en or the mounlains surounding tho rvervaley was (10)... . bv

semiiesed before we €ne inlo tarnins country Every so (11). .. , wo passed a i€ight lran

going lesl b€fo€ iinally aniving at our d*linalion oi Kanloops. lt had boen a (12) .

l1

B

c

c

c

c

D

D

TennisThe oiigln oflennb.like m.nyspods {0)......... ganes, is something oia myslery. one sussesuon,

lhstsloneAgepeopleusedclubslohil.ockslo{13)..... .. other, seems rather inprcbable Amlch

(14) ......... r€alistic theory isthallenns came ffom ha.dball. AversionofthlswaspLayedinAfcient

Egypr. ard {15).. ....... is a. Egyptian iown called IDr,s, {16) ......... some peopre believe is ihe

o.lgin otlhe name'lennis. similarly, the lem tacquef is lhoughl {17) . .. have come ton lhe

AEbic wod 6rat which meaB 'palm of lhe hand .

However, {13) .......... was in Euope rhar rhe game (19) ... it ls kn@n today really $aned. ln

lhe lwelth centurv, the qahe was played by men who hi! a ball against a wall lsing .othing

(20) .......... iheir bare hands. L€ter, a leather glove @s used. and lhen awooden handre was lired

lo I making lhe frct tennis dcquet The balls changed too, {21).......... soid wood lo much softer

ln some.ounhes, (22).......... as Fran@, Ue sam€ was li'st taken up by rcyally bul soon becamo

popular wilh odinary people Today, tennis is capable (23) .... captivai ng millions ot fans

wondwide. Somelhinq thal was once the paslime ot knqs (2r) becomeaspodforusall

The computer keyboardErpenenced typisls €n lype very tust and (0).......... , bul evei they EFF|C|ENT

would probably agree thal the keyboard of lodays @mpule.! makes

lhejob ot lea.nins lo rype.alhe. ditli.llt, io saylhe easl

ln lhe English speaking world lne so-called OWERTY keyboard,

famedaiierlhefrstsixl6(e6onthetopline isthemoslcommon. At

iGl (2s). ........ , lhis keyboad looks lnrecessa.tty compticared [s sEE

curious layoui is based on thal ol lhe mechanica iypew.iteE which

wero used beiore @mplle6 were introduced The (26) .. ... otthe tNvENT

li6l slch nachine was Chnsiopher Shoes, a newspaper edilor. On

his (27).... .... lhe keys were aranged more simply and tosi€tty, in CREAIE

(23) ....... order But I soon became evidern to the user or this ATPHABET

machine thal such a system had a biq (29) ..... whef a lyptst ADVANTAGE

worked at high speed - the melal baF atlached b lho keys became

enra.gred wilh one anolher. The obvious (30). .. . ro rhis probem soLvEwa. to Elocate the most(31)... .. used keys as tara@y lrom e.ch FREOUENCY

olher as possible. This led io a (32) ...... in lyping speed and REOUCE

lessenedthe(33).........ofrh6baBqettingcauqhtoneacholhe. pOSS|BLE

Younse. people who have grcwn up w(h compulers are (34)

thal they no onger lace lhe prcblem ofunlanqling typewriter keys

MUSIC - A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE

Music is universal- it is (0) ..... by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music camebefore speech and (1) ..... as a development of mating calls. ln fact, there is (2) ..... theorythat the (3) languages were chanted or sung rather than spoken. lndeed, in somecultures, music is a form of (a) .... history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, usemusic as a means to (5) ..... on stories of the land and spirits to the next (6) ..... .

New evidence suggests that music does not just (7) ..... the feel-good factor but it is alsogood for the brain. A study of intellectually (8) ..... children showed that they could recallmore (9) ..... after rt was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story.

Researchers also report that people (10) better on a standard intelligence (11) ..... afterlistening to Mozart. The so-called'Mozart effect'. has also been (12) ..... by findings thatrats (13) ..... up on Mozart run fasterthrough a complex network of paths or passages,(14) as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from anyform of mental (15) benefit from listening to music.

1 Awas2 Aone3 A earliest4 A enjoying5 A move6 A children7 A convince8 A disabled9 A facts10 A examine11 A form12 A supported13 A held14 A called15 A badness

B swelledB everyB newestB makingB passB peopleB satisfyB inactiveB knowledgeB prepareB schemeB givenB broughtB heardB hurt

C reactedC suchC easiestC recordingC handC tribeC pleaseC rncapableC memoryC scoreC demonstrationC markedC stoodC regardedC illness

D aroseD thatD simplestD statingD happenD generationD preferD disorderedD informationD achieveD testD rememberedD setD knownD pain

FOLLOW YOUR NOSE

Of the f ive senses, smell is probably the (0) . .....Qna.. .. . . . that you value the least. Yet

your sense of smell is the most direct link (16) ... .."'. the brain and the outside

world. lt (17) .. ....... two seconds for a smellto (18) the nose and

travelto the part of the brain (19) ... ...... controls emotions and memories. Exactly

(20) .....' your sense of smell influences your emotions, however, is

(21) ...... f ullY understood'

Nevertheless, a sense of smell can even influence your relationships (22)

other people. Apparently, you (23) in love through your nose, not your eyes

or your ears. Moreover, people tend to smell of what they eat and (24) ... ..'... can

also influence what people think of you.

ln one famous study, 84 per cent of people taking (25) ...... said they were more

(25) ...... . to buy a particular brand of trainers, when they (211 "placed in a room smelling of flowers. This kind of knowledge can be (28) ...... toinfluence people's spending habits at a sub-conscious (29) and could

obviously be useful in (30) all sorts of things from clothing to cars'

RECOGNISING A LIAR

Recent research has led many (0) 99.ign!)9bg. to believe that the sctENcE(56) ...... to recognise whether or not someone is telling the ABLE(57) ... ......, or is about to break bad news has more to do with TRUE

science than a magical (58) ...... sense. SIX

The human body and brain subconsciously pick up signals so small thatthey would not (59) be noticed. lf someone is telling lies, NORMALfor (60) their body language is slightly TNSTANT(6t1 .. ...... . The brain picks up on these changes, which DTFFER

may include a bead of sweat or a slight (521 ...... in tone ALTER

of voice. Upon the (53) ... ....... that the person has been lying, REALTSE

the brain has a 'told you so' sensation. Scientists argue that people

should trust their own (64) ; their instinctive reactions JUDGEwilltellthem if a person is (55) . ........ and not to be trusted. RELY

ORESUND BRIDGE

lmagine driving along a bridge that is so long that you can't even (0) ..... the other end.The @resund Bridge, one of the (1) ..... bridges in the world, (2) . so far ahead into the(3)..... that you can't even tellwhere the blue of the water (4) ... the blue of the sky.

The @resund Bridge is an amazing example of modern engineering design that (5) ..... theScandinavian countries of Denmark and Sweden. lt is 8 kilometres long and was (6) ..... inJuly 2000. lt crosses the Flinte Channel, the chilly waterway (7) ..... the two countries.

At one stage the bridge turns (8) ..... a tunnel under the sea. This tunnel is also a (9) .....breaker in its own right as it is the longest road and rail tunnel in the world. The engineersbuilt an artificial island near the Danish coast that (10) to support part of the bridge(11) , as well as being the point at which the road disappears ('12) , before comingout in Copenhagen. the capital of Denmark.

The bridge. which was built (13) ..... by the two countries, is expected to bring hugeadvantages. lt will (1a) ..... time compared to traditionalferry connections, as well as beingof (15) ..... to the economy of both countries.

1 A longest2 A travels3 A space4 A comes5 A links6 A done7 A splittingI A down9 A performance

10 A helps11 A scheme12 A down13 A commonly14 A save15 A good

B furthestB leansB distanceB meetsB contactsB endedB cuttingB intoB worldB aidsB planB undergroundB doublyB spareB benefit

C deepestC stretchesC horizonC linesC holdsC broughtC breakingC outC recordC attemptsC structureC belowC similarlyC spendC quality

D hardestD pullsD rangeD startsD relatesD completedD separatingD backD accountD triesD formD underneathD jointlyD spreadD comfort

ARTIST DEVELOPMENT MANAGER

Patti Wilkins is (0) .........4.1......... Artist Development Manager. She specialises in popmusic and is (16) . .. for managing the production (17) ... ......... a

pop srngers new single or album and (18) ... that it involves.

She is the person who selects the songs for the album, the photographs for publicitypurposes, who shoots the video and chooses the clothes the singer (19)for that video. ln (20) typical day she will meet the people designing theartwork for the album, the singer's manager, journalists and marketing managers.

(21) ... the week she will have to listen to the hundreds of tapes that are(22) .. to the record company by singers and bands hoping to(23) famous one day. She needs to understand (24)makes a good pop band and atthe same time hasto be (25) ... to spotstar potential. ln (26) ... of working long hours she feels it is(27) it when a song finally gets into the pop charts.

She learnt about the pop industry by (28) ... work experience and editingpop magazines (29) ... well as taking a business course. ln that way she(30) ... out how to go about marketing and selling in the highly competitivemusic industry.

ABORIGINAL STORIES

Australian Aborigines are famous for their (0) ... Q\9jtryq.... stories, EXctrEwhich are read not from a text but from their (56) ... . These SURROUND(57) ... stories form the body of Aboriginal culture and TRADITION(58) , which make up their unique world view. KNOW

The stories. which are often very (59) are told by pointing THEATREout and walkrng along large tracks of land; it can be said, therefore. thatthe (60) .... of Aborigines are lived out as if in a giant natural L|FEstorybook. lt is also (Ot) that Aboriginal land has a strange BELTEF

way of creating its own (62) ........ PERSONAL

When they talk about a place of (63) . . .. Aborigines say that IMPORTANTthe land has a gi that either likes you or makes you feer disturbed and6A1 . ln fact, if you sit under a tree there is a COMFORT(65) ... that it is watching you, listening to you and that it posstBlEmay even talk to you.

ANSWER'KEY'to'CLOZE'&'WORD'TRANSFORMATION'

' handout'no.'3'

'

Don’t'forget'your'hat!0.!!open!!1.!about!!2.!job!!3.!!giving!away!!4.!much!!5.!depending!!6.!keep!!7.!bright!!!8.!consider!!9.!getting!!10.!conditions!!11.!turn!!12.!whereas!!Penguins'on'the'move!0.!with!!13.!out!!14.!which!!15.!!since!!16.!as!!17.!Although!!18.!how!!19.!like!!20.!however!!21.!when!!22!in!!23.!was!!24.!have!!The'sky'at'night!0.!fascination!!25.!mountainous!!26.!pollution!!27.!fortunate!!28.!impressive!!29.!height!!30.!uninterrupted!!31.!powerful!!32.!discovery!!33.!existence!!34.!probability!!Boots'for'Africa!0.!founded/established/started/begun!!1.!joined!!2.!known!!3.!aim/objective/goal!!!4.!interested!!5.!set!!6.!full!!7.!effect!!8.!however!!9.!condition!!!10.!of!!11.!make/give!!!12.!further/more!!An'influential'cook!0.!most!!13.!for!!14.!been!!15.!rather!!16.!when!!17.!that/which!!18.!more!!19.!at!!20.!in!!21.!to!!22.!some!!23.!but/although/though!!24.!however!!Young'artists'on'display!0.!spectacular!!25.!especially!!26.!exhibition!!27.!traditionally!!28.!tourists!!29.!wonderful!!30.!pride!!31.!accompany!!32.!favourite!!33.!effective!!34!!enthusiastic!!Coffee'culture!0.!!walked/went!!1.!go!by!!2.!queue!!3.!demand!!4.!suspicion!!5.!lies!!6.!join!!7.!gather!!!8.!regular!!9.!exchange!!10.!issues!!11.!do!!12.!transactions!!13.!estimated!!14.!growing!!15.!attractions!!Sports'tourism!0.!their!!16.!there!!17.!No!!18.!sit!!19.!where!!20.!so!!21.!contrast!!22.!every!!23.!can/will!!24.!have!!25.!but!!26.!who/that!!27.!when!!28.!has!!29.!since!!30.!been!!Voices'foundation!0.!organisation!!56.!passionately!!57.!musical!!58.!majority!!59.!inspiration!!!60.!development!!61.!significant!!62.!mathematical!!63.!communicative!!64.!enjoyment!!!65.!willingly!!The'sticking'plaster!0.!common!!1.!obvious!!2.!invented!!3.!up!!4.!had!!5.!wound!!6.!housework!!7.!production!!8.!bright!!9.!on!!10.!promoted!!11.!original!!12.!available!!!!Diving'in'the'Red'Sea!0.!in!!13.!well!!14.!With!!15.!which/that!!16.!make!!17.!such!!18.!from!!19.!both!!20.!of!!!21.!any!!22.!account!!23!the!!24.!All/The!

HotOair'balloons!0.!surisingly!!25.!unlike!!26.!entirely!!27.!Consequently!!28.!scientific!!29.!weight!!!30.!difference!!31.!roughly!!32.!heating!!33.!descent!!34.!enable!!The'importance'of'drawing!0.!teach/help!!1.!claimed/insisted!!2.!being!!3.!situation!!4.!widely!!5.!drew/attracted!!!6.!reinforced/strengthened/deepened!!7.!aimed!!8.!observe!!9.!carefully!!10.!make!!!11.!come!!12.!awareness!!Mountain'climbing!0.!be!!1.!what!!14.!in!!15.!for!!16.!time!!17.!such!!18.!Although!!19.!get!!20.!there!!21.!one!!22.!been!!23.!why!!24.!have!!Introduction'to'a'mailOorder'catalogue!0.!inclusion!!25.!variety!!26.!judgement!!27.!simply!!28.!consumers!!29.!carefully!!!30.!belief!!31.!performance!!32.!reliable!!33.!exceptional!!34.!unhappy!!Circus'children'

0.!goes!!1.!continue!!2.!stops!!3.!dawn!!4.!heading!!5.!hard!!6.!set!!7.!life!!8.!part!!!9.!keep!in!touch!!10.!sure!!11.!contacts!!12.!!details!!13.!system!!14.!message!!!15.!clockwork!!Peter'Benchley'likes'sharks!0.!who!!16.!based!!17.!whose!!18.!and!!19.!reality!!20.!contrast!!21.!up!!22.!wiped!!23.!the!!24.!on!!25.!example!!26.!it!!27.!spent!!28.!from!!29.!was/weighing!!30.!as!!Rocky'road!0.!caught!!1.!way!!2.!appreciating!!3.!mood!!4.!long!!5.!rate!!6.!reached!!7.!accompanied!!!8.!!course!!9.!on!!10.!followed!!11.!often!!12.!truly!!Tennis!0.!and!!13.!each!!14.!more!!15.!that/it!!16.!which!!17.!to!!18.!it!!19.!as!!20.!but!!21.!from!!!22.!such!!23.!of!!24.!has!!The'computer'keyboard!0.!efficiently!!25.!sight!!26.!invention!!27.!creation!!28.!alphabetical!!29.!disadvantage!!!30.!solution!!31.!frequently!!32.!reduction!!33.!possibility!!34.!fortunate!!Music'a'universal'language'

0.!practiced!!1.!arose!!2.!one!!3.!earliest!!4.!recording!!5.!pass!!6.!generation!!7.!satisfy!!!8.!disabled!!9.!information!!10.!score!!11.!test!!12.!supported!!13.!brought!!14.!such!!!15.!illness!!Follow'your'nose!0.!one!!16.!to!!17.!takes!!18.!reach!!19.!that/which!!20.!how!!21.!not!!22.!with!!23.!fall!!!24.!this/that!!25.!part!!26.!likely!!27.!were!!28.!used!!29.!level!!30.!selling!!' '

Recognising'a'liar!0.!scientists!!56.!ability!!57.!truth!!58.!sixth!!59.!normally!!60.!instance!!61.!different!!!62.!alteration!!63.!realisation!!64.!judgement!!65.!unreliable!!Øresund'Bridge!0.!see!!1.!longest!!2.!stretches!!3.!horizon!!4.!meets!!5.!links!!6.!completed!!7.!separating!!!8.!into!!9.!record!!10.!helps!!11.!structure!!12.!underground!!13.!jointly!!14.!save!!!15.!benefit!!Artist'development'manager!0.!an!!16.!responsible!!17.!of!!18.!all/everything!!19.!wears!!20.!her!!21.!During!!22.!sent!!23.!become!!24.!what!!25.!able!!26.!spite!!27.!worth!!28.!from!!29.!as!!30.!found!!Aboriginal'stories!0.!exciting!!56.!surroundings!!57.!traditional!!58.!knowledge!!59.!theatrical!!60.!lives!!!61.!believed!!62.!personality!!63.!importance!!64.!uncomfortable!!65.!possibility!