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Subject index

abrasion 140

adhesion 137agglomeration 146briquetting 146pelletisation 146sintering 146

angle ofdifference, fall, spatula 138nip 46, 47repose 137slide, surcharge 139

aperture 18assay value 4, 149automatic control 147average size 23, 150

ball mill 52, 53cascading 52cataracting 52critical speed 52, 158160Davis zones 53operating speed 53seasoned charge 53

batch sedimentation 130

Bateman classification 9belt conveyor 141beneficiation 4

pneumatic, dry 58wet 58

beneficiation flowsheetsbeach sand 144chromite ore 145iron ore 145

bins 141blowback 134

Bonds law 41bulk density 136bulk solids 59, 135bunkers 141buoyant force 63

cake filters 133

capacity of a screen 33capillary action 134capture matrix 118ceramic filters 134chance cone process 86charge interactions 121charging methods by

conduction, contact 125conductive induction 126contacting dissimilar particles 125friction 123induction 123ion bombardment 126

chemical analysis 10qualitative 10quantitative 10

chemical formulae 2, 3chutes 141chipping 40circulating load, percent 49, 56, 161clarification 132classifiers 7177

centrifugal 76

sizing 73sorting 74

cleaner 82, 106closely sized material 21coal 2cobbing 116coefficient of friction 46, 157cohesion 137colloids 25column flotation 106, 107comminution 3942

objectives 42operations 42

complex ore 4compressibility 137concentrate 79

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174 Subject index

concentration criterion 83conditioning 106conductors 122coning and quartering 14consolidation trickling 89, 91contact angle 100conveying 141conveyors 141corona discharge 126corrosion 140coulombs law 109critical speed 52, 158160cross riffles 96crushers 4348

bradford breaker 47, 48cone 45

gyratory, reduction gyratory 45jaw 44, 45hammer 47HPGR 48roll 46, 47

crushers, types 43, 44crushing circuits 49, 157

closed circuit 49open circuit 49

cumulative weight percent 2325

D80 25Davis zones 53dense medium separation 8587density 5961, 161163

aerated 136bulk 136of particle 59, 136packed 136pulp 60slurry 60

Denver sub-aeration machine 105

diameter 17equivalent 17surface 17volume 17

differential acceleration 91differential weight percent 23dilution ratio 61dispersability 140disposal of products 142distribution of metal values 151divergator 30Dorr thickener 131drag force 63drying 129

economic efficiency 81economic recovery 81electrical conductivity 121

electro magnetism 111magneto motive force 112ohms law 113reluctance 112solenoid 111

electro static separator 126equal settling particles 66equivalent size 17extraction 5exudation 130

F80 25feeders 51, 142filers, types 133

pressure 133vacuum 133, 134

filter cake 132filter medium 132filtration mechanism 132financial feasibility 143fixed screen jigs 92float and sink 84flocculation 130

floccules, flocs 130floodability 140flotation circuit 106flotation machine 105

flotation of sulphide ores 107flotation reagents 101104

activators 103collectors 101, 102depressants 103dispersants 103frothers 102, 103modifiers 103pH regulators 104sulphadisers 104

flotation, types 104

flowability 139flowsheet 144fraction of solids 60, 161163fracture 39

attrition 40compression 40impact 40

free particles 35free settling 65free settling ratio 66, 67, 164, 165friability 140frother-collector 103

gape 45geological survey 5grade 4, 149grain size 35gravity force 63

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Subject index 175

gravity transport 141grinding circuits 56, 160, 161

closed 56open 56

grinding medium 51grinding mills 5255

autogenous 55ball 52, 53pebble, tube 55rod 53, 54SAG 55

grizzly 30

hand sorting 6heavy liquid separation 84heavy medium cyclone 87

high tension separator 126hindered settling 66hindered settling ratio 68humphrey spiral 95hutch 92hydraulic classifier 74, 75hydraulic water 74hydrocyclone 76, 77hygroscopicity 140

increment 15

industrial screens, types 2931industrial screens

types by purpose 31insulators 122interfacial tension 100ion bombardment 126

jaw crushers 44, 45blake 45dodge 45universal 45

jig 91, 92baum 92harz 92

jigging ratio 91jigging, types 91

on the screen 91through the screen 91

launders 141laws of comminution 4041, 155leakage flux 113lean ore 4liberation 3538

degree of 37percent 37size 35

liberation, typesdetachment, intergranular 35

size reduction, transgranular 36lifting effect 126liners 51locked particles 35

magnetic circuit 112magnetic concentrators 115119

dry 116, 117wet 117119

magnetic separators 114principle 114types 115

magnetism 109111magnetic field 109magnetic flux 110magnetic induction 110

magnetic susceptibility 110magnetization 110magnetizing force 110

magnets 114electro-magnet 114permanent magnet 114

marcy scale 60material balance 80mathematical model 146mechanical classifiers 73medium solids 86

megascopic identification 10membrane 132mesh number 18mesh of grind 56mesh size 18metal content 4, 11, 152metallurgical efficiency 81, 166middling 79, 98middling particles 37mill 143mill liners 51

mineral 24atomic 2definition 2ferro-, para-, dia-magnetic 114gangue 3industrial 2metallic, non-metallic 2ore 3valuable 3

mineral analysis 10mineral beneficiation 4mineral identification 9mineralogical microscope 10mining 5

bulk 6selective 6

movable screen jig 92multi-tray thickener 131

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176 Subject index

Newtons law 67, 68

opening 18ore 3, 4ore deposits 4

ore deposits, types 9ore formation 9ore microscope 10ores, types 38

disseminated 38intergrown 38massive 38

organic liquids 85overflow 27oversize 27

P80 25particle size 3538particle size distribution 2225

graphical presentation 24, 25percent solids 60, 161163permeability

absolute 109relative 109

petrological microscope 10pinched sluice 94pinning effect 126plots

linear scale cumulative plot 24linear scale frequency plot 24

pneumatic tabling 98pneumatic transport 142polarization 122pollution 142ponds 141porosity 136pseudo liquid 85pulp 60pulsion 89

purifiers 115

ragging 92rate of filtration 133rate of screening, factors 32

machine factors 32material factors 32

ratio of concentration 80, 166ratio of enrichment 81, 166ratio of recovery 80, 166reclaimers 115reduction ratio 43

80% passing 43average 43, 156

reichert cone 95resistance to motion 64

turbulent 64viscous 64

retention time 61rich ore 4rock 3rod mill discharge methods 54

central peripheral 54end peripheral 54grate 54overflow 54

rougher 81, 106run-of-mine ore 5

sample 13final, test 14gross, primary 13secondary 14ternary 14

sample preparation 14sampling 13

alternative shoveling 13fractional shoveling 13random sampling 13systematic sampling 13

sampling devices 14manual 14mechanical 14poppet valves 14vezin sampler 14

sampling ratio 15sands 25scavenger 82, 106screen effectiveness 153155screen efficiency 32, 33, 153155, 157, 158screen surfaces 27, 28

parallel rod 28punched plate 28woven wire 28

screens, types 29seasoned charge 53

sector 134sedimentation 129semi-conductors 122septum 132set 45

closed set 45open set 45

settling ratio 66shaking table 97shape of the particle 136sieve analysis 21sieve bend 30sieve cloth 18sieve ratio 18sieve scale 18sieve shaker 21

ro-tap 21table 21

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Subject index 177

silos 141simple ore 4simulation 147size reduction 39slimes 25slimes table 98sludge 60slurry 60slurry transport 142smelting 5specific resistance 121sphericity 136standard sieve series 1821stockpile 141Stokes law 67storage, purpose 140

stratification 89sub-sieve sizing 25suction 89supporting operations 7surface area 136surface tension 100suspension 60

tabling 96tackiness 139tailing 79

tanks 141tenor 4

terminal velocity 64, 164, 165test sieve 18testing method 22texture 10thickening 129132throughput 49throw 45tramp iron magnetic separators 115triboelectric series 123trommel 30tumbling mills 51

underflow 27undersize 27unit operations 7

vacuum filters 133, 134disc 134drum 133

vibrating grizzly 31vibrating screen 31void fraction, voidage 136

wet and dry grinding 55, 56wilfley table 97work index 41, 156

zones in a ball mill 53