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Lesson 1: Fashion

Expressions

VocabularyFashion

ListeningandSpeaking

The topic

UseofEnglish

ListeningNaonalGeographicTaboo Beauty,IsabelleCaro

Writing

Reading

TheDukanDiet

Readingcomprehensiontest

Grammar

A.Usedto+verb

B.Tobeusedto+ ing

C.Togetusedto+verb ing

Phonetics

Extra information

Culturalfocus

Games

Additionalmaterial

U

N

IT

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Expressions

Vocabulary

Fashion

Listen to the following expressions and repeat them:

o

Elegance is a question of personality, more than one's clothing, Jean-Paul

Gaultier.

o Fashion is something barbarous, for it produces innovation without reason and

imitation without benefit, George Santayana.

o

Common sense is genius dressed in its working clothes, Ralph Waldo Emerson.

o

Only men who are not interested in women are interested in women's clothes.

Men who like women never notice what they wear, Anatole France.

o Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society,

Mark Twain.

The listening is available in the virtual classroom

Choose the correct definition of the previous expressions:

o Elegance is a question of personality, more than one's clothing, Jean-Paul

Gaultier:

a) A personality can be elegant, clothes cannot.

b) A person can be more elegant without clothes.

c) If you have an elegant personality, dont worry about your clothes.d) None.

o

Fashion is something barbarous, for it produces innovation without reason and

imitation without benefit, George Santayana:

a) Fashion doesnt belong to civilisation.

b) Fashion is anything but profitable.

c) Barbarians were always very innovative, thats why the Roman Empire

collapsed.d) None.

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

o

Common sense is genius dressed in its working clothes, Ralph Waldo Emerson:

a) And genius is common sense dressed in a three piece suit.

b) Thats why common sense is not that common.

c) A nice way to say that common sense is somewhat brilliant.

o

Only men who are not interested in women are interested in women's clothes.

Men who like women never notice what they wear, Anatole France:

a) Of course! Women wear dresses!

b) Well, it depends on if the clothes are very suggestive...

c) But women do.

o Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society,

Mark Twain:

a) People can judge you by your appearance.

b) If you want to get anywhere in life you have to look the part.

c) Both.

Check your answers

Listening and Speaking

Listen and repeat the following quote included in the Bible, 1 Corithians

v i i . 31: The fashion of this world passeth away.

The listening is available in the virtual classroom

o Explain your point of view and record yourself. The recording must be at least

one minute.

Hint: This is from Shakespeare:

All the world's a stage,

And all the men and women merely players.

They have their exits and their entrances,

And one man in his time plays many parts.

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

The topic

Use of English

Match the following words with their correct definition:

A.

Chore 1.

Suffering from malnutrition.

B.

Frail 2.

To confine from illness.

C.

Malnourished

3.

To take part in an activity in an

experimental uncommitted way.

D.

To starve 4.

To suffer or die of hunger.

E.

To shut away 5.

To retreat or to move away.

F.

To shut in 6.

A routine or daily task.

G. To bring on 7. To die.

H.

To dabble in 8.

To lock someone or something.

I.

To pull back 9.

To make the start of a pain, illness, etc.

J.

To pass away 10.

Weak, delicate, fragile.

Check your answers

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Listening National Geographic Taboo - Beauty, Isabelle Caro

Listen to the video about Isabelle Caro, a former model who suffered

from anorexia, and write down all the vocabulary you can understand

related to anorexia.

The video is available at:

http://youtu.be/wJPrhJty7TM

Listen to each of the following four expressions and then repeat them

again at the same time as the presenter pronounces them.

o Its all too common in the modeling industry (minute 2:29).

o

against all odds she survives (minute 3:07).

o

but the problem goes way beyond the catwalk (minute 4:43).

o What counts is beauty on the inside (minute 9:40).

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Have a look at the following words, expressions and phrasal verbs that

appear in the video and use the dictionary to look up the meanings.

Vocabulary Expressions Phrasal Verbs

Grocery She knew all too well To end up

Chore To fall ill To grow up

Challenge Tunnel of death To put on

Item Against all odds To shut away

Trash Up to 40% To shut in

Corner store To pull back from the brink To waste away

Weekly shop To snap your fingers To bring on

Chronically To mark the occasion To look at

Frail To give your all To dabble in

Malnourished A stand against To pull back

Tumultuous Home schooling To go around

Eating disorder To get a bug To come out

Nightmare To pass away

Catwalk To be over

Disturbingly

CentrepiecePro-Ana

Subculture

thinspiration

To ban

Emaciated

To starve

Tooth decay

StruggleMoving

Touching

Deadly

Lethal

Tough

To go beyond

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Writing

Answer the following questions using full sentences. Write your answers

and compare them with the suggested ones.

o

Why cant Isabelle buy a lot when she goes shopping?

o Why dont models talk about the fact that they are pushed into being anorexic?

o

What do pro-Anas do?

o

Is Isabelle getting used to eating every day?

o

Did Isabelle use to go to school? How did she get her education?

Check your answers

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Reading

The Dukan Diet

7 Problems with the Dukan Diet

Adapted from: http://thedukandiet.info/introduction/dukan-diet-cons/

Problem #1: Health

From a health point of view following a high protein diet like the Dukan Diet can produce a

number of different side effects

High Cholesterol although losing weight usually helps lower your cholesterol levels in the

long-term if you chose your protein sources predominately from high cholesterol foods such as

red meat and eggs your cholesterol levels may increase.

Gout a high protein diet is just one of many factors that can lead to you suffering from gout.

Other things such as your family history, age, gender and level of alcohol consumption also

influence whether you are likely to suffer.

Constipation On the days you eat only protein the likelihood of being constipated is increased.

Dr Dukan recognised this problem and to combat it you are required to drink a lot of water and

to eat oat bran. If you do suffer with constipation you may find it helpful to miss out the initial

Attack Phase where you eat only protein and go straight to the steady weight loss Cruise Phase

where you also eat some vegetables.

Problem #2: Induction Flu

Induction Flu isnt a type of flu at all it is a colloquialism used to describe the withdrawal

symptoms your body experiences as you switch from carbohydrates to protein and your own

body fat to fuel your body. Apart from not having a chill or fever the symptoms are very similar

to flu. In addition to having a bad headache you can also feel nauseous, lethargic and irritable

and be unable to concentrate. The good news (?) is that it should last only 2 to 3 days and if you

plan for it to happen it should not divert you from your objective.

Problem #3: Ketosis

Burning body fat instead of carbohydrate for fuel is known as ketosis and whilst it produces the

obvious benefits of weight loss it puts additional burden on your kidneys and liver and in

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

extreme cases causes serious damage. Milder side effects of ketosis are bad breath, a metallic

taste in your mouth and strong urine odour.

This is true. Precisely speaking, first there is ketogenesis (the process by which the ketone

bodies are produced; completely normal) and then, if certain circumstances occur, ketosis (astate of an elevated level of ketone bodies; still safe if not prolonged). It is worth mentioning that

ketosis is nothing to be afraid of unless you are having some serious problems with your kidneys

or liver.

Problem #4: Nutritional Deficiency

The Attack and Cruise phases of the Diet are very restrictive and if you have a lot of weight to

lose you would be on this restrictive diet for some time. You can of course counteract

deficiencies by the use of nutritional supplements ()

If you are overweight or obese it is very likely that you are experiencing nutritional deficiencies

right now (not even being aware of that fact). Truth be told, all the foods on a 100 Dukan Diet

safe list are very nourishing and healthy. Theres an example of a few foods that are diet

compliant and rich in minerals here.

Problem #5: Not suitable for everyone

There are a number of groups of people who would find it difficult or who would not be able to

follow this plan. For example it is not suitable for Vegans or Vegetarians and the use of oat bran

means than Celiacs (Coelaics) cant follow this plan. It would also not be suitable for anyone who

is pregnant or who has liver or kidney problems.

Abstracting from vegans and vegetarians who, in my opinion, shouldnt have any problems with

their weight (as their way of living is supposed to be nature-friendly) Sure this diet is not

everyone but which one is?

Why would a pregnant woman think of dropping any weight? Is there a weight loss program

that is suitable for pregnant women?

As far as the presence of gluten in oat bran is concerned, Celiacs can substitute oat bran with

rice bran which is gluten-free.

No one says that dukan Diet is for everyone. It is not. There is not a single diet that would satisfy

everybodys needs. Not suitable for everyone is not a problem, its a factor that makes me

believe that the Dukan Diet is a working method. In my view dukan Diet is not an impractical

fad diet but it is a real, healthy diet plan for people who seriously think about losing weight.

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Problem #6: Additional costs

I completely disagree with this:

Eating a diet high in protein but low in carbohydrates is more expensive. You can keep costs

down by concentrating on eating eggs, poultry and milk products as your forms of protein but if

you are going to be on the diet for any length of time you will need the variety that eating meat,

fish and seafood will provide. There is also the cost of nutritional supplements to take into

consideration.

Starchy food like potatoes, bread, corn, pasta is cheap indeed. On the other hand, after some

time on the dukan diet the body adapts to more nourishing food and the fact is the overall

amount of food you eat per meal is decreasing. Every dieter should keep in mind that it was

most likely too much food that caused his or her overweight problems in the first place. Quality

over quantity is the key.

There are no supplements (in means of pills and such) recommended on the dukan diet. The

diets 100 safe foods list consists of natural, easily available foods + oat bran. Everything else

(i.e. vitamin tablets or diet coke) is voluntary and, most likely, wont improve your results

anyway.

Problem #7: The impact on your social life

The restrictive nature of the Attack and Cruise phases are likely to mean that you will need to

make considerable changes to your social life.

Health and social problems are the two most common reasons to diet. I believe, that people who

decide to go on with the Dukan Diet are counting on it to have an impact on their social life!

They want to be slimmer, lighter, healthier and so on

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Reading comprehension test

Answer the questions using full sentences:

o If losing weight usually implies your cholesterol levels get lower, why should this

diet have the problem of high cholesterol?

o If you suffer from constipation and you want to follow this diet, what advice is

given to you?

o

What are some of the secondary effects of ketosis?

o

Change one expression from this sentence from the text to get used to without

changing the meaning. On the other hand, after some time on the Dukan diet the

body adapts to more nourishing food and the fact is the overall amount of foodyou eat per meal is decreasing.

o

Write a short report of the pros and cons, the advantages and the dangers, of the

Dukan diet and dieting in general. Send your work to your tutor on-line.

Check your answers

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Have a look at the following words, expressions and phrasal verbs that

appear in the text and use the dictionary to look up the meanings:

Vocabulary Expressions Phrasal Verbs

Side effects To have an impact on To miss out

To lowerTo switch from one thingto another

To disagree with

Red meat To keep down

Gout To concentrate on

To be likely To go on

Constipation To count on

Likelihood To argue with

Oat bran

Cruise

Flu

Withdrawalsymptoms

To fuel

Burden

To be overweight

Suitable

To drop weight

Starchy food

To be afraid of

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Grammar

A.

Used to + verb

We use 'used to' to talk about past habits and states which are now finished. Used tois

not used to say what, how long, or how many times an activity happened. Would is

often used for the exact same us:

I used t o gofor a walk every day, but I got out of the habit in winter.

I w o u ld g o for a walk every day, but I got out of the habit in winter.

I used to s i t for hours drawing when I was a little girl.

I w o u l d si t for hours drawing when I was a little girl.

I u s ed t o w a t c h horror films with my Dad, and my sister used to hide behind the

sofa!

I w o u ld w a t ch horror films with my Dad, and my sister would hide behind the

sofa!

Difference between used toand w o u l d

We tend to use wouldto talk about or narrate a story about typical behavior or routine

in the past. Would cannot refer to past states. Used to can refer to past states: being,

possession, mind, and major, unbreakable habits (usually bad), etc.

Mark used t o ha vea red and yellow car.

Mark w ou l d h a v e a red and yellow car.

It is also used to talk about something that was true in the past but it is no longer true.

There used t o bea summer cinema in Triana. Iused t olove it. But they knocked

it down.

She used t o wear really old clothes but now she is becoming more fashion

conscious.

I used to ge t onwith them but I dont anymore.

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

B. To be used to + -ing

We use be used towhen we want to describe something that is familiarto the subject;

a person has experienced the action involved so much that it is no longer new or

strange.

Remember that to be used tois followed by a verb in ing form.

Shes u s ed t o l i v i n g on her own. In fact she loves it.

Becky has lived in England for over a year now and she i s u sed t o d r i v i n g on the

left.

They've always travelled outside Spain so they a r en t u s ed t o r ec om m end i n g

any tourist spots here.

C.

To get used to + verb -ing

We use the structure to get used to doingwhen we want to describe something which is

becoming familiar for us. Sometimes we can find become or grow instead of get.

Remember that get used tois followed by a verb in ing form.

It was hard at the beginning but I quickly g o t u sed t o w r i t i n g the course.

She has only just started working nights and it is difficult for her t o g et u sed t o

s leep ingduring the day.

I have always lived in France but now I'm beginning t o g e t u s ed t o l i v i n g in

Spain.

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Exercises

Complete the following sentences with the correct option:

o

I've been getting up early every day since I started to work. However, I

________ to it.

a)

'm already used

b)

used

c)

use

d)

'm still not used

o Excuse me, do you mind if I ______ your mobile phone?

a)

use

b)get used to

c)

used

d)am using

o

After the summer it always takes me several days __________ up that early

again.

a)

to be used to get

b)

to get used to getting

c)

to get used to get

d)

to be used to getting

o

The queue in this Liverpool bakery ___________ to be so bad but now it's

terrible. These new Wet Nelly cakes are fabulous.

a)

didn't used

b)

didn't use

c)

use

d)

was used

o I _______ to swim 3 kilometers a day before. Now I only swim twice a week.

a)use

b)

B. got used to

c) used

d)was used to

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

o

If you go to live in Spain, you __________ on the right.

a) 'll have to get used to drive

b)

'd have to get used to

c)

'll have to get used to driving

d)

'd have had to get used to

o Last year, it was difficult for her to speak in French but she _________ to it

now.

a)

uses

b)

was used

c)

gets used

d)

's used

o David doesn't have any hobby now, but he __________ .

a)

likes it

b)used to

c) didn't use to

d)

was using to

o

Inma was in London for a year. She liked the city but she ______________ the

food and most of all, the weather.

a)

could never get used to

b)

could ever get used to

c)wasn't used to

d)

couldn't ever get used to

o People ________ Wassup in Seville yet but in a few months time everybody will

be using it like crazy.

a)

isn't used to using

b)

are used to using

c)

don't use

d)

aren't used to using

Check your answers

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Fill in the gaps with used t o , ge t used t o , be used t o:

o

Julian (have) a bike but now he has got a motorbike.

o

Shes new in this job so she (tell) other people what to do.

o

When she was a student, she (work) in a fruit shop.

o

When she lived in Triana, she often (go) to Las Golondrinas.

o She (play) the piano but now she plays the guitar.

o

When she was younger, she (not eat) chicken because she (be) a

vegetarian. Now, she (eat) chicken every week.

o She (go) to a very traditional school where she wore a green and pink

uniform.

o Is he (live) in his new house yet?

o

Luis was just (wear) contact lenses but he decided recently to have the

operation on his eyes.

Check your answers

Match the two halves of the sentences:

A.

Shes British so 1.

she is used to look after smallchildren.

B.

I used to enjoy being with that

family

2.

she much prefers working days.

C.

She will never get used to working

nights.

3.

but now I find them all reallyfalse.

D.

I used to eat a lot of peanut butter 4.

when we were children.

E.

When she worked in London, 5.

she is used to driving on the left.F.

Being the eldest, 6.

but now Im on a diet.

G.We used to go to Blackpool on the

train for days out

7. she used to have to get up reallyearly.

Check your answers

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Phonetics

Sounds

In English, it is possible to have different pronunciation for the same

graphemes. We have already seen how stress may change the lexical word from verb

to noun, as in record , which is noun or verb depending on the place we have the

stress.

In this unit, we are going to see how the same grapheme may have different

pronunciations in English:

EA /i:/ read, eat, tea, meat, speak, breathe /e/ bread, health, ready

EAR // near, ear, dear, fear, beard, clear /e/ pear, wear, bear

Important: there are more words which has a different spelling but have the previous

pronunciation.

/i:/ me, feet, piece

/e/ friend, said, many

// engineer, here

/e/ where, square, chair

Theory adapted from Hancock, Mark , English Pronunciation in Use Intermediate,

Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Exercise

Classify the following words according to the pronunciation of the

graphemes ea o ear:

leave head year peak bean

wear teach bread dead mean

bed tea break bear death

sea hear sweat meat near

ear heat dear healthy pea

/i:/ /e/ / / /e/

Check your answers

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Extra information

Cultural focus

Watch the following video about full figured models. Full Figure

Models & Self-Esteem - Daily Buzz - Jada Collins

The video is available in:

http://youtu.be/qhILDxs1SSw

Fill in the gaps with information from the video.

Thinner women felt a __1.____in self esteem when they looked at

__2._____models.

___3._____women felt a drop in self esteem as they looked at __4._____ models.

Healthy weight women thought they werent as______ as they wanted to be. They

wanted to see models which were similar to themselves.

Check your answers

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Look at the following vocabulary which appeared in the video:

Vocabulary Expressions Phrasal Verbs

Enhancement On stage To sort out

Insane Free flowing To laugh at

Constrictive Plus-sized models To be off

Self esteem Fuller-figured ladies To look at

To lower To point the finger

Overweight First of all

To fix BMI (Body Mass Index)

This is the end of the world!

Games

Watch this advertisement!

The video is available at:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqArk81o45c

Whats the dogs attitude in the street? Does he act as current

celebrities?

Describe the dog and pay attention to the voice in the images.

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UNIT 6 Lesson 1

Additional material

Grammar

Used toand would:http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/past1c.html

Listening

BBC listening on fashion:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/general/expressenglish/2011

/10/111010_ee_fashion_1.shtml