B1 Higher Recall Questions:1. Why is blood in arteries under pressure?Its coming directly from the heart2. What factors increase and decrease blood pressure?Things such as: diet, stress, exercise, body mass and alcohol consumption3. What things contribute to an increasing trend of heart disease in the UK?Obesity, people smoking, lack of exercise4. What is included in a balanced diet?Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral salts, fibre (in the right proportions5. What part of the balanced diet is often missing in developing countries that cause kwashiorkor disease?Protein6. How can you calculate a persons BMI?Divide your weight in kilograms by your height in metres, then divide the answer by your height again7. How can you calculate a persons EAR for protein?EAR in g = 0.6 body mass in kg What blood cells defend the body against pathogens?White blood cells8. What is the difference between active and passive immunity?Active immunity is long lasting as it is the persons cells that create the antibody, whereas passive immunity is when readymade antibodies are given directly to the person. They can be injected in and this means the person does not produce the antibody themselves.9. What can a person do to reduce their risk of some cancers?Have a healthy life style. e.g. don't smoke, eat a balanced diet, maintain a healthy weight, drink less alcohol, protect your skin from sun damage10. Why can damage to the cilia cause a smokers cough?Cilia are used to shift things such as dirt and phlegm out of the throat, if they are damaged they cannot do this, so your body has to get rid of whats in your throat in another way.11. Can you label the parts of the eye?

12. What is the difference between monocular and binocular vision?PupilCorneaScleraOptic nerve

Monocular is when the eyes are on the sides of the head, giving a 360 degree view. Binocular is when the eyes are at the front of the head, like on humansCiliary MuscleRetina

13. Show the pathway of a nerve impulse from the stimulus to the effector?stimulus-> receptor-> sensory neurone-> central nervous system-> motor neurone-> effector14. What is the difference between a reflex action and conscious action?Reflex actions are your natural reactions e.g. if you touch something too hot you automatically jump away. whereas, with conscious actions you've made the conscious effort to do something.15. What are 5 different categories of drug? Name a general effect of each? Depressants-slow down the nervous system and reactions.Painkillers- block nerve impulses from the painful part of the bodyStimulants-increase the transmission of signals from one nerve cell to the next performance enhancers- main anabolic steroid in body=testosterone it has two main effects. anabolic effects promote muscle building, androgens effects are responsible for male traits such as facial hair and deeper voiceHallucinogens- change the way our brains work, distorting our senses16. What are the long term and short term effects of drinking alcohol?short term- sleepiness and impaired judgement, balance and muscle controllong term- liver and brain damage17. What are the things that your body needs to keep constant through homeostasis?amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, blood sugar level, body temperature and bodys water content18. How is heat gained, retained or lost from the body?heat gained- respiration, shivering, exercise or reducing blood flow to the skinlost- sweating, reducing blood flow to the skin19. What are the dangerous effects of high and low temperatures on the body?high- dehydration and heat stroke which could lead to death if untreatedlow- hypothermia and again death if untreated20. What is the difference in the way Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are controlled?Type one is treated with injections of insulin and a good diet, but if you have type 2 youve stopped responding to insulin so treatment involves exercise and a good diet21. What type of chemicals control plant growth?Auxins22. What does positively phototropic mean?When the stem tip of a plant grows towards the light23. What does negative geotropic mean?When the stem tips direction of growth is away from gravity24. Give an example of a commercial use of plant hormones.selective weedkillers25. Where within a cell do you find chromosomes?Nucleus26. Chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of..?DNA27. A female has the sex chromosomes..? and male has ..?female=x male=y28. Name two conditions that can be inherited?cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia29. What ethical issues can be raised linked to genetically inherited conditions?If you test an unborn baby for a inherited condition and it has it, some people would opt for an abortion. What if it was a false positive?