2
1 Example: Time As Unidimensional Space ! Two main conceptual metaphors that model the inferential structure of many metaphorical expressions a) “Ego-moving” ! We’re coming to the end of the year b) “Time-moving” ! Her birthday is approaching Núñez, 1999 Núñez & Sweetser, 2006 Núñez, Motz, & Teuscher, 2006 a) Ego-moving Mapping Source Domain Space (sagittal) Target Domain Time front of ego future behind ego past ego’s location present/now ego’s motion passing of time b) Time-moving Mapping Source Domain Space (sagittal) Target Domain Time front of ego future behind ego past ego’s location present/now motion of objects passing of time Time As Unidimensional Space a) “Ego-moving” We’re coming to the end of the year b) “Time-moving” Thanksgiving is approaching ! Mappings preserve inference: ! spatial transitive relations mapped onto temporal ones ! agency (passive vs active role in action), etc. ! “truth” is relative to mappings ! Meaning and inferences are brought forth ! Effortlessly and (largely) unconsciously C. conceptual metonymy ! “Moscow hasn’t replied yet” ! “The double-cheeseburger wants another coke” ! “Give $5 to the taxi-driver” ! A part stands for the whole ! “Moscow hasn’t replied yet” ! “The double-cheeseburger wants another coke” ! “Give $5 to the taxi-driver” ! A part stands for the whole

b) Time-moving Mapping Time As Unidimensional Spacenunez/COGS155_F17/W7a1.pdf · 1 Example: Time As Unidimensional Space ! Two main conceptual metaphors that model the inferential

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

1

Example: Time As Unidimensional Space !  Two main conceptual metaphors that model the

inferential structure of many metaphorical expressions

a)  “Ego-moving” !  We’re coming to the end of the year

b)  “Time-moving” !  Her birthday is approaching

Núñez, 1999 Núñez & Sweetser, 2006 Núñez, Motz, & Teuscher, 2006

a) Ego-moving Mapping

Source Domain Space (sagittal)

Target Domain Time

front of ego future behind ego past

ego’s location present/now

ego’s motion passing of time

b) Time-moving Mapping

Source Domain Space (sagittal)

Target Domain Time

front of ego future behind ego past

ego’s location present/now

motion of objects passing of time

Time As Unidimensional Space a)  “Ego-moving”

We’re coming to the end of the year b)  “Time-moving”

Thanksgiving is approaching

!  Mappings preserve inference: !  spatial transitive relations mapped onto temporal ones !  agency (passive vs active role in action), etc. !  “truth” is relative to mappings

!  Meaning and inferences are brought forth !  Effortlessly and (largely) unconsciously

C. conceptual metonymy

!  “Moscow hasn’t replied yet” !  “The double-cheeseburger wants another

coke” !  “Give $5 to the taxi-driver”

! A part stands for the whole

!  “Moscow hasn’t replied yet” !  “The double-cheeseburger wants another

coke” !  “Give $5 to the taxi-driver”

! A part stands for the whole

2

Mapping compositionality

! Conceptual Metonymy and Conceptual Metaphor usually combine in complex ways !  “The bombing of Baghdad has separated

Washington and Paris even further”

Mapping compositionality

! … sometimes with undesired effects

“Communism has led us to the edge of the abyss…today, we have taken a step forward!”

Augusto Pinochet, 1973

D. Conceptual Blending

Input Space 1: Economic indicators Input Space 2: Martyrdom of San Sebastian

Selective projection: shapes of graphs (I1) piercing of arrows (I2) passivity (I2)

Blended Space

Purely imaginary

domain with new

precise inferences!! But not … numerical magnitude (I1) nudity (I2) location of arrows (I2)

E. Fictive Motion

•  Talmy (1996, 2003) observed that we often talk (unconsciously and effortlessly, but with precision) about static objects (literal or metaphorical) as if they were dynamic

•  This phenomenon manifests itself in language

•  Landmark-trajector (figure-ground) construal

E. Fictive Motion

•  The fence stops right after the tree. •  The boarder between Switzerland and Germany runs

along the Rhine. •  The Equator passes through many countries •  The California coast goes all the way down to San

Diego •  After Corvisart, line 6 reaches Place d’Italie. •  Right after crossing the Seine, line 4 comes to

Châtelet. •  Unlike Tokyo, in Paris there is no metro line that goes

around the city.