B. S. Annigeri, K. Tseng (Eds.)

Boundary Element Methods in Engineering Proceedings of the International Symposium on Boundary Element Methods: Advances in Solid and Fluid Mechanics East Hartford, Connecticut, USA, October 2-4,1989

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona

Dr. Balkrishna S. Annigeri Dr. Kadin Tseng United Technologies Research Center East Hartford, Connecticut 06040 USA

ISBN-13: 978-3-642-84240-5

001: 10.1007/978-3-642-84238-2

e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-84238-2

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1990

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216113020-543210

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS

sponsored by

United Technologies Research Center East Hartford, CT 06108, USA

co-sponsored by

NASA Langley Research Center and

International Association for Boundary Element Methods (IABEM)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Dr. B.S. Annigeri (Co-Chairman) and Dr. K. Tseng (Co-Chairman) United Technologies Research Center,

East Hartford, Connecticut, USA

Dr. E.C. Yates,Jr. NASA Langley Research Center

Hampton, Virginia, USA

Dr. T. A. Cruse Southwest Research Institute

San Antonio, Texas, USA

Prof. S. Kobayashi Kyoto University Kyoto, JAPAN

Prof; L. Morino Universita La. Sapienza

Rome, ITALY

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Mr. R.E. Olson Dr. A.V. Srinivasan Dr. B.S. Annigeri Dr. K. Tseng United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut, USA

Dr. R.B. Wilson Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford, Connecticut,USA

Mr. A. Wanderlingh Hamilton Standard, Windsor Locks, Connecticut, USA

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Prof. S.N. Atluri Prof. P.K. Banerjee Dr. C. Brebbia Prof. M.P. Cleary Prof. J.J. Connor Dr. L.L. Erickson Dr. F. Farassat Prof. T.L. Geers Dr. D.B. Hanson Dr. G.K. Haritos Dr. B. Hunt Prof. O.A. Kandil Prof. V.C. Li Prof. G. Maier Prof. P. Mantegazza Prof. S.K. Mukherjee Prof. R. Piva Prof. F.J. Rizzo Prof. S.R. Sipcic Dr. J. Sloof Dr. A.V. Srinivasan Prof. M. Tanaka Prof. N. Tosaka Dr. R.B. Wilson Prof. J.C. Wu

To Our Parents

Preface The Boundary Element Method (BEM) has become established as an effective tool for the solutions of problems in engineering science. The salient features of the BEM have been well documented in the open literature and therefore will not be elaborated here. The BEM research has progressed rapidly, especially in the past decade and continues to evolve worldwide.

This Symposium was organized to provide an international forum for presentation of current research in BEM for linear and nonlinear problems in solid and fluid mechanics and related areas. To this end, papers on the following topics were included: rotary­wing aerodynamics, unsteady aerodynamics, design and optimization, elasticity, elasto­dynamics and elastoplasticity, fracture mechanics, acoustics, diffusion and wave motion, thermal analysis, mathematical aspects and boundary/finite element coupled methods. A special session was devoted to parallel/vector supercomputing with emphasis on mas­sive parallelism.

This Symposium was sponsored by United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) , NASA Langley Research Center, and the International Association of Boundary Ele­ment Methods (lAB EM) . We thank the UTRC management for their permission to host this Symposium. In particular, we thank Dr. Arthur S. Kesten and Mr. Robert E. Olson for their encouragement and support. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr. E. Carson Yates, Jr. of NASA Langley, Prof. Luigi Morino, Dr. Thomas A. Cruse and Prof. Shoichi Kobayashi of IABEM for their enthusiastic support and as­sistance in the organization of this Symposium. We thank the members of the Local Organizing Committee. and the Scientific Advisory Committee for their excellent sup­port. We thank Mrs. Nancy E. Jestreby, the Symposium Secretary, for her dedication and enthusiasm in helping to bring the Symposium to its fruition. Many individuals at UTRC have helped in making this Symposium a success; our sincere thanks to them. Thanks also go to Springer Verlag for their effort in publishing this volume. Last but certainly not the least, we thank the authors for their excellent efforts in preparation and presentation of the papers.

We thank our families for their patience and support during the organization of this Symposium.

January, 1990

Balkrishna S. Annigeri, Kadin Tseng United Technologies Research Center East Hartford, Connecticut U. S. A.

Contents

ROTARY-WING AERODYNAMICS

Boundary Integral Formulations of the Scalar and Vector Wave Equations with Arbitrary Moving Boundaries Y. J. Lee and J. Y. Yang

Time and Frequency Domain Aerodynamics for FluUer of Helicopter Rotors in Hover

. . 1

F. Mastroddi and L. Morino .•••...•.•..............•..•.•.•• 8

Application of a Panel Method to Aeroelastic Stability of Rotors in Hover O. J. Kwon, D. H. Hodges, D. A. Peters and L. N. Sankar ....•..

A General Purpose Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Compressible Aerodynamics Analysis Method

15

K. Tseng ...................................... 22

Turbomachinery Blade Loading Prediction Using the Panel Method S. Chen ........•.•.....•.......•.

Panel Methods for Multiple-Rotor Aerodynamics , M. H. Williams .•..•••.•.•..•.

BEM for the Analysis of Unsteady Aerodynamics of Windmill Rotors in the Presence of Yaw

29

36

G. Arsufli, G. GI\i and L. Morino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . 44

UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS

A Vortex Method Cor Predicting Unsteady Flow and Boundary Layer Development Around an Airfoil K. Kamemoto and T. Suzuii . . . . . . . . . • • . • . • . • . . . . . . • . . . • . 51

A General Approach to Unsteady Flows in Aerodynamics: Classical Results and Perspectives C. M. Casciola, M. R. Lancia and R. Piva • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

VISCOUS/SEPARATED FLOWS

A Unified Approach for Potential and Viscous Flows in Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Aerodynamics L. Morino . . . • . . . • . • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • • . . . .• 68

Linkage Between Potential and Viscous Flows J. C. Wu .......•......... 75

Boundary F.Jem~nt Analysis of Viscous Fluid Flow Prohlems Using the Time Splitting Method K. Kakuda and N. Tosaka • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Advanced Boundary Element Methods for Incompressible Thermoviscous Flow P. K. Banerjee, G. F. Dargush and K. Honkala ..... . 94

A Coupling 'of HEM and FEM for the Viscous Flow Problem G. C. Hsiao and J. F. Porter ......... . . ........•... 105

Transient Flow Separation at High-Angle-of-Altack G. A. WaUs and J. C. Juang • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • . . . . . • . . . . • 112

XI

A Boundary Elemen~ Model (or ~he Taylor-CoueUe lns~abili~y G. Graziani and R. Piva • . . • . • • • . . . . • . •• ••......••..••... 119

Boundary Elemen~ Me~hods (or lhe Navier S~okes Equations M. '1'. PaUerson, J. C. Wu and C. M. Wang ..................•...•.• 124

TRANSONIC/NONLINEAR FLOWS

Boundary Elemen~-Lagrangian Solu~ion Mdhod for Nonlinear Free Snrface Problema N. Tosaka, R. Sugino and H. Kawabaia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . ... '.' 131

Uns~eady Three-Dimensional Transonic Flow Compu~a~ions Using Field Elemen~ Me~hod H. Hu and L. Chu. . . . • • . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 140

Generalization of ~he Boundary In~egral Mdhod 10 Nonlinear Problems of Compressible Fluid Flow: The No-mesh Al~ernalive - Parl I B. Hun~ and R. C. Plybon . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . • • • . . . . • • . • . 147

Generalization of ~he Boundary Integral Method to Nonlinear Problems of Compressible Fluid Flow: The No-Mesh Alternative - Parl II B. Hunt and R. C. Plybon . . . • • . . . . . . . . . • • . • • . . . . . . . . . . • • . . 155

Unsleady Field Element Melhod with Embedded Euler Domain for Transonic Pitching Airfoil Flows H. Hu and O. A. Kandil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 161

ELASTICITY

Dired vs. Indired Boundary Element Melhods J. L. O'Brien and T. L. Geers •......

Delermination of the Maximum Thread Stress in Threaded Structures Using the Boundary Element Method

169

A. Wanderlingh . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • • • . . . • . . • . • . . . . • . . . • . 179

Absolute p-Refinement of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems in ~he Vidnity o( Boundary Solution Singularities T. J. Urekew and J. J. Rends

A Boundary Element Algori~hm for Pla~e Bending Problems Based on Cauchy's In~egral Formula

193

R. Pil~ner and R. L. Taylor •.•.•......•. • . • • • . . . • • • • • • • ;. • 200

S~epwi.e Linear Regression Particular Integrals for Uncoupled Thermoelas~icUy with Bonndary Elements A. Gup~a, J. Cheng and S. Saigal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . • . • . . 207

Boundary EI~ment M~~hod for Composite Bodies M. Vable and Y. Zhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

In~egration of 3D Boundary Elemenh for Sta~ic Elastici~y C. T. Dyka, A. M. Remondi and H. R. Millwa~er . . . . . . • • . . . . • . . . . . . 225

Alternative Methods (or Substrudures F. Hartmann and P. Schoepp ....

DEASY - An Analysis Tool for Design Engineers

. ........•..........•.• 233

S. Nageswaran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . • . • 240

XII

ELASTOPLASTICITY

Coupling of Finite Element and Boundary Element Super-Element Methods J. L. Wearing and M. A. Sheikh ...••••••......•... . .... 260

A Variational Formulation of the Boundary Integral Equation Method in Elastodynamics G. Maier, M. Diligenti and A. Carini .......................•••.. 268

Progress in Applications of BEM to Inelastic Analysis of Solids P. K. Banerjee, D. P. Henry and G. F. Dargush ....... . . ••.•• 276

Bifurcation Analysis of Elastic Shallow Arch by the Boundary-Domain Element Method N. Tosaka, M. Nonaka and S. Miyake .............•.••.....

Inelastic Analysis via Integral Equations; The Symmetric Approach Illustrated with Reference to the Beam on Elastic Foundation G. Novati and T. Burczynski .•......•.•.......

On Boundary Element Inelastic Analysis in the Presence of Sofiening

286

293

Z. Cen, G. Maier and G. Novati .....••............••.......•. 300

ELASTODYNAMICS

An Algorithm for Vedorized Computation in Boundary Element Methods S. Kobayashi, N. Nishimura and H. Kamiya •.•.•..•..... . .• 310

Overcoming Nonuniqueness in the Direct BIEM for Three-Dimensional Steady-State Exterior Elastodynamic Problems I. R. Gonsalves, D. J. Shippy and F. J. Rizzo. . . . . . . • . • • • . • . • . . • • . • 317

Efficient Time and Space Integrations of Stokes Fundamental Solutions - Applications to a Direct Time Domain BEM for Elastodynamics D. L. Karabalis . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • • . . • . . . . • . . • . • . 324

Analytical Treatment of Free Term for 3-Dimensional Elastodynamic BEM M. Kitahara and K. Nakagawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

FRACTURE

Analysis of 3-D Near-interface Fractures in Bounded, Heterogeneous Domains Using the Surface Integral and Finite Element Hybrid Method W. D. Keat and M. P. Cleary ..................•..•......... 343

Development of Yield Strip Models Using the Surface Integral and Finite Element Hybrid Method B. S. Annigeri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 363

Time Domain Boundary Element Analysis of Two-Dimensional Crack Problems J. Dominguez and R. Gallego. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fracture Analysis of Asymmetrical Cracks by the Surface Integral and Finite Element Hybrid Method

362

A. L. Burgarella, B. S. Annigeri and E. H. Jordan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Regularised BIEs for Miscellaneous Elasticity Problems N. Nishimura and S. Kobayashi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 377

XIII

A B.E. Solution to Some Contact Problems with Adhesion C. Alessandri and A. Tralli • • . . . . . . • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • . . . 384

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION

Calculation of Aerodynamic Sensitivities by Boundary-Integral Methods and Application to Lifting-Surface Theory E. C. Yates, Jr. and R: N. Desmarais •...............•....•..

Aerodynamic Surface Element Modeling for Analysis of Flight Dynamics A. R. Dusto, M. A. Epton and M. F. Fitzpatrick ......•....

A Boundary Element Shape Design Sensitivity Analysis Formulation for Thermal Radiation Problems

391

398

J. H. Kane and H. Wang. . . . . . • • • . • . . . • . • . . . . . . . . • • . . • . . 406

Design Sensitivity Analysis for Potential Problems by the Derivative Boundary Element Method G. Aksel and S. Mukherjee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . • .. .• 412

Consistent Sharp Corner Formulations for Boundary Element Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis J. H. Kane and B. L. Keshava Kumar .............•..•.•..•.....• 420

A Direct and Indirect Approach to Shape Optimisation Using the Boundary Element Method R. L. West and E. Sandgren • . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . .. ..• 427

A Variational Approach for the Sensitivity of Stress Constraints Using Boundary Element& S. Saigal and R. Aithal ...•.•.................••..•.....• 436

MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS

Some Observations on the Boundary Element Method F. Rislo • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . • • . . . • . . • . . 442

Higher Order Elements and Element Enhancement by Combined Regular and Hypersingular Boundary Integral Equations T. J. Rudolphi ...•...•...•.••.•............••.•••... 448

Uniform Convergence of Boundary Element Solutions Using the Collocation Methods Y. Iso ...........••••...•............•.•• • 466

An Algorithm for Computation of Delay Times in Subson,ic and Supersonic Rotary Propeller Flow M. I. Freedman . . . . . . . . • • . . • • • • • . • . . . . . . . . • . • . . . • •. . 463

An Efficient Nonlinear Transformation for the Numerical Computation of the Singular Integrals Appearing in the 2-D Boundary Element Method E. Alarcon, M. Doblare and l. Sans-Serna .......................... 472

PARALLEL PROCESSING

Block LU Decomposition on the Connection Machine System J. L. Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Parallel Implementation on the lCAP /3090 of a Boundary Element Method Formulation for Fractional Operator Modeled Viscoelastodynamic Structures

480

R. D. Ciskowski, V. Sonnad and K. Xie ..........................• 486

XIV

Helicopter Free-Wake Analysis on a Massively Parallel Computer T. A. Egolf .................•.•.... • ..•...• 493

The Inftuence of Massively Parallel Processing in Boundary Element Computations B. L. Keshavo Kumar, J. H. Kane, A. V. Srinivasan and R. B. Wilson ...•..••...•. 500

ACOUSTICS

High Speed Propeller Acoustics and Aerodynamics - A Boundary Element Approach F. Farassat, M. K. Myers and M. H. Dunn . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . .

A Unified Approach for Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics of Rotors in Compressible Potential Flows

508

M. Gennaretti and L. Morino ..• '., . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . • . . . . . 515

On the Possibility of Singularities in the Acoustic Field of Supersonic Sources When BEM is Applied to a Wavc Equation E. De Bernardis and F. Farassat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Boundary Element Methods in Probabilistic Acoustic Scattering Problems R. P. Daddazio and M. M. Eltouney .........................•.. 529

Structural Acoustics Applications of the BEM and the FEM A. F. Seybert, T. W. Wu and W. L. Li •........

A B.E. - F.E. Coupled Acoustic Element for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems

.. ...... 536

C. Rajakumar, A. Ali and S. M. Yunus . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

THERMAL ANALYSIS

Thermal Aspects of Metal Cutting: A Boundary Element Approach A. Chandra and C. Chan .................. . • . . . . . . . • 555

Summary of Modern Nodal Integral Methods in Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer G. L. Wilson and R. A. Rydin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . 561

SOIL MECHANICS/WAVE MOTIONS

The Principle of "Limit Absorption" for Water Wave Diffraction S. Alliney ...................•.... • ..•.. 569

A Laplace Transform Boundary Element Method for Axisymmetric Diffusion Problems A. H-D. Cheng, Y. Abousleiman and T. Badmus . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • • . • . . . 576