Upload
wonjay2
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
1/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
n How is health psychology a union betweenmedicine and psychology?
n
What is stress, how does it affect us, and howcan we best cope with it?
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
: Stress and Coping
11
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
2/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
investigates the psychological factors related to
wellness and illness, including the prevention,diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems.
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
22
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
3/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Health Psychology
n
The study of the relationship amongpsychological factors, the immune system, andthe brain
Health psychologists are among the primaryinvestigators in this growing field
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
33
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
4/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
n
The response to events that threatenor challenge a person
n
Medical problems that are influencedby an interaction of psychological,emotional, and physical difficulties
44
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
5/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Categorizing Stressors
Strong stressors
That occur suddenlyand
typically affectmany
people simultaneously
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
55
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
6/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Categorizing Stressors
)Phenomena where
victims of majorcatastrophes re-experiencethe original event and theassociated feelings in vividflashbacks or dreams
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfzO2P51KEs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaJfV-p5z8M&feature=related
66
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfzO2P51KEshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaJfV-p5z8M&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaJfV-p5z8M&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfzO2P51KEs7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
7/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Categorizing Stressors
n
Major life events that produce an immediate majorreactions that soon tapers off
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
77
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
8/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Categorizing Stressors
n
)Minor irritations of
life that we all face timeand time again
n
Minor positive eventsthat make one feel good
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
88
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
9/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
How Stressful Is your Life?
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
99
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
10/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
The General Adaptation Syndrome
a theory thatsuggests that a persons response to a stressor consists ofthe following three stages
n
Become aware of the presence of a stressor
n
Preparation to fight the stressor
n
Negative consequences of the stress appear1010
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
11/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress
n Psychoneuroimmunologist focus on the outcome ofstress
n
They have identified three main consequences: Stress has physiological results including:
1. An increases in blood pressure
2. An increase in hormonal activity3. And an overall decline in the functioning of the
immune systemhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g25d7_Afmc
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
1111
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g25d7_Afmchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g25d7_Afmc7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
12/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Consequences of Stress
1212
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
13/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Coping with Stress
The efforts to control, reduce, orlearn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
n
Unconscious strategies that maintain a personssense of control and self-worth by distorting or denyingthe actual nature of the situation
Another Defense mechanism
n is the cessation of emotionalexperience
1313
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
14/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Coping with Stress
n
Method of managing emotion in the face of stress byseeking to change the way they feel or perceive a problem
n
Attempts to modify the stressful problem or source ofthe stress
1414
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
15/34Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Learned Helplessness
n A state when peopleconclude that unpleasantor aversive stimuli
cannot be controlled
n A view of the world that
becomes so ingrainedthat they cease trying toremedy the aversivecircumstances
1515
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
16/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Coping with Stress
n
HardinessPersonality characteristic associated with a lower rateof stress-related illness consisting of three components.
Commitment
Challenge Control
n Social supportA mutual network of caring, interested
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAO8i7s1uWU
1616
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAO8i7s1uWUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAO8i7s1uWU7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
17/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Effective Coping Strategies
n Turn threat into challenge
n Change your goals
n Make a threatening situation less threatening.
n Take physical action
n Prepare for stress before it happens
1717
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
18/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
n How do psychological factors affect health-related problems such as coronary heart disease,
cancer, and smoking?
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
:Psychological Aspects of Illness and Well-Being
1818
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
19/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
The As and Bs and Ds ofCoronary Heart Disease
n
Competitive
Show urgency about time
AggressiveDriven quality at work
Hostile, verbally and nonverballyn
CooperativeLess competitive
Not especially time oriented
Not usually aggressive, driven, or hostile
1919
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
20/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Type D Distressed (Denollet)
n Linked to coronary heart disease
n Insecurity
n Anxiety
n Negative outlook
n At risk for repeated heart attacks
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction2020
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
21/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Broken Heart Syndrome
2121
More common in womenNot a heart attackHistory of a recent severeemotional or physical stressWill get better with time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvWHN0trYiA7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
22/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Type Yourself!!!
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2222
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
23/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Psychological Aspects of Cancer
n A Cancer diagnosis brings to mind fear,lingering pain and diagnosis of a deathsentence.
n Some have a very good cure rate ifdiagnosed early.
n Cancer is second to heart disease formajor causes of death in Canada
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2323
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
24/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Cancer Survival Rates
2424
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
25/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Smoking
n
n
n
n
Replacement therapies Psychotherapy Societal views
Do commercials work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssD6lpTDydk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JndtG8Y7yfw
2525
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssD6lpTDydk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JndtG8Y7yfwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JndtG8Y7yfwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssD6lpTDydk&feature=related7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
26/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Smoking
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2626
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntrsMAlIQWA&feature=fvsr
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntrsMAlIQWA&feature=fvsrhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntrsMAlIQWA&feature=fvsr7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
27/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
n
How do our interactions with physicians affectour health and compliance with medicaltreatment?
n What leads to a sense of well-being?
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
:Promoting Health and Wellness
2727
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
28/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Following Medical Advice
A negative emotional andcognitive reaction that
result from the restrictionof ones freedom andthat can be associatedwith medical regimens.
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2828
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
29/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
How Well Do CanadiansFollow Medical Advice?
n 85 % of patients do not fully comply with a physicianrecommendations
n Between 14% and 24 % of patients dont fill their drugprescriptions
n 10% of adolescents pregnancies result from noncompliancewith birth control medication
n 60% of all patients cannot identify their own medicines
n 30-50% of all patients ignore instruction or make errors intaking medications
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2929
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
30/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
FAILURE TO COMUNICATE
n Patients assume physicians are all-knowing
n Physicians make assumptions about patients
n Patients may be intimidated and not give all the
informationn Patients dont understand (terminology/language)
n Gender differences (women physicians
communicate more)n http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5d_iPaUrWw
n http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlXd2ictsmY
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction3030
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5d_iPaUrWwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlXd2ictsmYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlXd2ictsmYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5d_iPaUrWw7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
31/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Increasing Compliance
n suggest that a
change in behaviour will lead to a gain.
n highlight whatyou can lose by not performing a behaviour.
3131
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
32/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproductionCopyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Well-Being and Happiness
n
Persons evaluations of their life, in
terms of both their thoughts andemotions
Stable people have a set point forhappiness that is relatively high andremains stable.
3232
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
33/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction
Well-Being and Happiness
High self-esteem Sense of control
Optimism
Sociable
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
3333
7/31/2019 B psych chp 11-1
34/34
Copyright 2008 The McGraw Hill Companies Inc Permission required for reproduction
Scales of Happiness
Copyright 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zu58VEvQ0fg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zu58VEvQ0fghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zu58VEvQ0fg