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B. Analysing the dynamics of biosafety research in the EU and the USA. Research aims Analyse how do cognitive/scientific/technical factors regulatory context factors public debate configuration factors interact and shape a policy-relevant research field ? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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B. Analysing the dynamics of biosafety B. Analysing the dynamics of biosafety research in the EU and the USAresearch in the EU and the USAResearch aims Analyse how do
cognitive/scientific/technical factors regulatory context factors public debate configuration factorsinteract and shape a policy-relevant research field ?
In a world-wide and comparative scope
Question: Are new scientific patterns emerging under Europe’s precautionnary paradigm ?
has the regulatory gap between USA and EU generated differents scientific objects, problems, suddomains?
Has this generated any added-value for science ?
The databaseThe database1. Search in CAB abstracts 1984-2003topics = (plant* or crop*)
AND (GM or gmo* or GE or recombin* or genetically* or transgen* or living modified or LMO* or novel traits)AND (risk* or hazard* or evaluation or asses* or impact* or biosafe* or safe* or manage* or monitor* or environment* or gene flow or non target or co-exist* or sustainab* or health* or release* or contaminat* or spread* or pollut* or persisten* or fitness or into wild population or wild relative* or gene transfer or toxic* or invasi* or non-target or nontarget or beneficial insect* or gene instability or gene silencing or gene exchange or dispersal or escape or dna uptake or encapsidation or transcapsidation or heteroencapsidation or transgenic complementation)
OR
topics = (food* or feed*) AND (GM or gmo* or GE or recombin* or genetically* or transgen* or living modified or LMO* or novel traits)AND (risk* or asses* or impact* or biosafe* or safe* or manage* or monitor* or health* or hazard* or evaluation or contaminat* or pollut* or toxic* or detect* or quantify*) NOT (plant* or crop*) 18070 items
2. Keep journal articles in ISI indexed journals
3. Filter (relevance: GMP biosafety) 1667 items
GM plant biosafety research (articles in indexed journals output, N=1667)
1
10
100
1000
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
Biosafety research in the USA and the EUBiosafety research in the USA and the EU
Similar output volume
…but differents patterns
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
USA
EU (15)
USA : subdomains (keywords clusters)USA : subdomains (keywords clusters)
GM Feed and food
Agr. entomol.
Mol. biol and virol.
Weed management Gene flow
EU : subdomains (keywords clusters)EU : subdomains (keywords clusters)
selectable markers
biosafetyOil plants
rape
weeds
herbicides
herbicide resistance
gene flow
Insect pests
pest resistancegenes
gene expression
agricultural entomology
risk assessment
release
control
plant pests
glufosinate
maize
Pest control
transgenics
potatoes
reviews
resistance
interspecific hybridization
plant pathogensplant pathology
food safety
wild relatives
polymerase chain reaction
plant diseases
tobacco
foods
DNA
stimulant plants
plant breeding
hybridization
risk
disease resistance
molecular genetics
soyabeans
Biology
pollen
entomopathogenic bacteria
root crops
genetics
toxins
glyphosate
nontarget effects
legislation
natural enemies
environmental impact
sugarbeet
Pathogenstomatoes
cereals
intergeneric hybridization
enzymes
regulations
bacterial insecticidescultivars
toxicity
rice
entomopathogensvegetables
tolerance
chemical control
pesticides
gene transfer
insect control
public opinion
coat proteins
plant genetic resources
biological control agents
dispersal
biological control
seed production
survival
genetic markers backcrossing
larvae
detection
sugar crops
weed control
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
microbial pesticides
swede rape
pollination
parasitoids
lectins
insecticides
nucleotide sequences
trypsin inhibitors
ecology
analytical methods
volunteer plants
introgression
proteinase inhibitors
European Union
Herbicide resistant weedscrop plants as weeds
reporter genes
methodology
plant pathogenic fungi
labelling
nontarget organisms
allergens
flowering
plant parasitic nematodes
invasion
lines
evolution
food allergies safety
oilseed plants
growth
effects
promoters
plant pathogenic bacteria
agglutinins
genomes
fruitsfood products
models
leaves
consumer attitudes
contamination
marker genes
population dynamics
beta-glucuronidase
population genetics
Potyvirus
proteins
food legislation
Mol. Biol. and Virol.
Detection
Agr. entomology
Weed management - geneflow
GM Food safety
Coautorship network in the EU (15)Coautorship network in the EU (15)
Gatehouse A M R
Gatehouse J A
Renard MEber F
Chevre A M
J ouanin L
Pham-Delegue M H
Poppy G M
Darmency H
Baranger A
Kuiper H A
Nap J P
Down R E
Kok E J
Girard C
Clark S J
Kleter G A
Denholm I
Stiekema W J
Schuler T H
Noteborn H P J M
Bonade-Bottino M
Metz P L J
Hilder V A
Fleury A
Ravelonandro M
Bourguet D
Fitches E C
Peumans W J
Dunez J
Damme E J M van
Kaiser L Boulter D
Dale P J
J acquet C
Lefol E
Christou P
Raybould A F
Wilkinson M J
Pilate G
Gueritaine G
Kimber I
Chaufaux J
Charters Y M
Dearman R J
Wackernagel W
Pohl-Orf M
Vries J de
Bartsch D
Scheffler J A
Hammes W P Flachowsky G
Pusztai A
Hertel CAulrich K
Anklam E
Williams I H
Gray A J
Viard F
Conner A J
Eede G van den
Senior I J
J orgensen R B
Hauser T P
Perry J N
Astwood J D
Andow D A
Pietsch K
Smalla K
Buschman L L
Lavigne C
Taylor S L
Taylor M L
Strauss S H
Ellstrand N C
Snow A A
Malone L A
Linscombe S D
Transgenes detection
Gene flow Impacts of Virus
resistant GMP
Food safety
impact of insect resistant GMP
Cattle feeding studies
Mol. Biology and plant biotech.
Coautorship network in the USACoautorship network in the USA
Tabashnik B E
Carriere Y
Dennehy T J
Liu YB
Shelton A M
Sims M A
Earle E D
Patin A L
Stewart C N J r
Raymer P L
Roush R TZhao J Z
Fuchs R L
All J N
Tang J D
Ellers-Kirk C
Hellmich R L
Gould F
Cao J
Sears M K
Grafius E J
Onstad D W
Hammond B GHiggins R A
Head G P
Douches D S
Taylor M L
Andow D ADively G P
Pett W L
Buschman L L
Reed G L
Buntin G D
Padgette S R
Obrycki J J
Guse C A
Astwood J DJ esse L C H
Hartnell G F
Heckel D G
Kennedy G G
Donegan K K
Alstad D N
Hutchison W D
Seidler R J
Parrott W A
Nickson T E
Sumerford D V
Linder C R
Duan J J
Snow A A
J ohnson M T
Rieseberg L HHalfhill M D
Hardee D D
Bernal J S
Stotzky G
Setamou M
Gonsalves D
Schmitt J
Saxena D
Adamczyk J J J r
Perlak F J
Leonard B R
Fuchs M
Gore J
Grumet R
Hancock J F
Taylor S L
Rice M E
Berry R E
Whalon M E
Deaton W R
Kareiva P
Strauss S H
Bt toxin in soils
Gene flow
Impacts of Virus resistant GMP
Impacts of insects resistant GM Plants
A transatlantic gap in GM crops biosafety A transatlantic gap in GM crops biosafety resarch…resarch…
EU USA
agr. entomology
weeds management
gene flow
Other
food safety
virus resistance
Cairns
non target insects
detection
India-China-Brazil
feed
biodiversity
horizontal gene flow
Continents drift : 1984-96 Continents drift : 1984-96
EU USA
weeds
Agricultural entomology
Gene flow
Cairns
Virus resistanceFood safety
Nontarget
Nontarget insects
biodiversity
Feed
Detection
IndChinBraz
Horizontal gene transfer
EU USA
Agricultural entomology
weeds
Gene flow
Food safety
Cairns
Virus resistance
DetectionNontarget
IndChinBraz
Nontarget insects
Horizontal gene transfer
biodiversity
Feed
Continents drift : 1997-99, the turning pointContinents drift : 1997-99, the turning point
EU USA
Agricultural entomology
weeds
Gene flow
Food safety
Cairns
Virus resistance
DetectionNontarget
IndChinBraz
Nontarget insects
Horizontal gene transfer
biodiversity
Feed
Continents drift : 1997-99, the turning pointContinents drift : 1997-99, the turning point
Continents drift : 1984-96 Continents drift : 1984-96
EU USA
weeds
Agricultural entomology
Gene flow
Cairns
Virus resistanceFood safety
Nontarget
Nontarget insects
biodiversity
Feed
Detection
IndChinBraz
Horizontal gene transfer
Main countries’ biosafety research profileMain countries’ biosafety research profile
USA agr. entomology
weeds management
gene flow
UK
France
food safety
virus resistanceGermany
non target insects
Canada
detection
Australia
Switzerland
Netherlands
feed J apanItaly
New Zealand
China
India
biodiversity
Denmark
horizontal gene flow
Spain
Austria
Belgium
« gene flow » domain« gene flow » domain
0 0 2 2
10 11
26 16
28 20
25 13
27 22 20
26
0
50
100
150
200
250
1984-88
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 (est.)
-0,0500,050,10,150,20,250,30,35
Gene flow
Biosafety
%Gene flow inBiosafety
CAB1551_corpus1+2_flow_04a_TopAuteursTn
Aut CompteDeID
Chevre A M 12 Darmency H 11 Eber F 10 Renard M 10 Dale P J 8 Rieseberg L H 8 Jorgensen R B 7 Kareiva P 7 Snow A A 7 Linder C R 6 Lavigne C 6 Baranger A 6 Wilkinson M J 6 Raybould A F 6 Bartsch D 5 Ellstrand N C 5 Reboud X 4 Fleury A 4 Gouyon P H 4 Conner A J 4 Felber F 4 Strauss S H 4 Gray A J 4 Stewart C N Jr 4 Hauser T P 4 Daniell H 4 Schmitt J 4 Lefol E 4 O'Brien E T 3 Nap J P 3 Andersen B 3 Hokanson S C 3 Ostergard H 3 Scheffler J A 3 Pohl-Orf M 3 Grumet R 3 Mikkelsen T R 3 Savova-Bianchi D 3 Stiekema W J 3 Williamson M 3 Dijk H van 3 Messean A 3 Charters Y M 3 Raymer P L 3
Renard M
Eber F
Chevre A M
Baranger A
Darmency H
Wilkinson M J
Dubbels S JO'Brien E T
Charters Y M
J orgensen R B
Fleury ALavigne C
Bartsch D
Rieseberg L H
Lefol E
Raybould A F
Snow A A
Gouyon P H
Pohl-Orf M
Linder C R
Scott S E
Grumet R
Hokanson S C
Hauser T P
Hancock J F
Ostergard HMikkelsen T R
Ellstrand N C
Reboud X
Dale P J
Gueritaine GGray A J
Felber F
Picault H
Savova-Bianchi D
Timmons A M
Schmitt J
Scheffler J A
Raymer P L
Barret P
Andersen B
Nap J P
Dijk H van
Kerlan M C
Stewart C N J r
Stiekema W J
Messean A
Kareiva P
Vallee P
Godelle B
Seiler G J
Danielou V
Brand UMorak C
Schuphan I
Keller-Senften J
Parkinson R
Conner A J
Strauss S H
Metz P L J
Giddings G D
Harding K
Morris W F
Guadagnuolo R
Klein E K
Mogg R J
Halfhill M D
Saeglitz C
Arias D M
J ensen J
Arriola P E
Varma S
Champolivier J
Brunner A MBoudry P
Burke J M
Daniell H
Desplanque BDiFazio S P
Saumitou-Laprade P
Pierre J
Pessel F D
Gardner K A
Gliddon C J
Parker I M
Hayward M D
Lecomte J
Klinger T
Sackville Hamilton N R
GeneGene flowflow
GM Food safety domainGM Food safety domain
Food safety sub-domain
0
5
10
15
20
25
1984-9
2
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
World
EU
USA
Food Food safetysafety
Fuchs R LAstwood J D
Pusztai A
Naylor M W
Hammond B G
Bardocz S
Magin K MReed A J
Finn R F
Kozianowski G
Kuiper H A
Leimgruber R M
Kleiner J
Muller D
Kimber ITaylor S L
Padgette S R
Bailey M R
Nida D L
Noteborn H P J M
Kleter G A
Damme E J M vanPeumans W J
Grant G
Kok E J
Cockburn A
Peijnenburg A
Dearman R J
Engel K H
Brooke-Taylor S
J onas D A
Oehlschlager S L
Helm R M
Healy M
Kelly L
Hefle S L
Stiekema W JNap J P
Flachowsky G
Lehrer S BRogers S G
Nordlee J A
Kretzmer K A
Aulrich K
Ream J E
Burnette B LHarrison L A
Conner A J
Taylor M L
Mitsky T ANickson T E
Brown D S
Boyle D M
Hepburn P
Bishop B F
Knorr D
Kimack N M
Duguid T
J ennings M GHowlett J
Hendriks H
Edwards D G
Elmadfa IHeller K J
Frazier R B
Harlander S K
Kok W
Hulscher S
Walker RKoninkx J
Poulsen M
Perrin I
Narbonne J F
Konig A
Wackernagel W
Smith C E
Reese G
Sarlo K
Taylor N B
Holden L R Kerkvliet N I
Ewen S W B
MacDonald J
Herman E M
Mlynarova L Galway N
Bittisnich D
Brent P
Townsend R
Graf L
Metcalfe D D
Sampson H A
Ladics G S
Knippels L M JDong W M
Holsapple M P
Stone S
Goodman R E
Caddick H
Goodman R
Bush R K
Rice E A
Silvanovich A
Tabe L M
Schroeder H E
Chrispeels M J
Horner W E
Liehne P
Alonso R
Kinney A J
J ung R
Aumaitre A
Bannon G
Betts C J
Piva G
Holleschak G
Hileman R E
Higgins T J V
Metz P L J
Townsend J A
Chesson A
Pasteau S
Thomas L A
Basketter D A
Burks A W
Brandenburg W
Wagenaar J
Brown A
Atkinson H
Weseman J M
Hird H
Lommen A
Louwaars N
Wilson P
Akhlaghi A R
Mahe S
McGloughlin M N
J agt R C van der
J acobs J M E
Meredith C
Pumphrey R
Hoban T J Iv
Chassy B M
Nair R S
Opara E I
Pascal G
Hanley A B
Gilissen L J W
Reece P
Falk M C
Schuette S A
Sunderland J
Chisholm J
Hughson E
Monsanto
Syngenta
U. Nebraska
Rowett Ins.
RIKILT
Food Authority, Canberra
Food sci. lab. CSL York
« Detection » research« Detection » research
Sub-domain "detection" (N=57)
0
5
10
15
20
25
1984-1
991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003 (e
st.)
EU
USA
World
Anklam E Pietsch K
Eede G van den Brodmann P
Parkes H C
Lipp M
Schimmel H
Waiblinger H U
J oudrier PGautier M F
Terry C F
Harris N
Alary R
McDowell D G
Heinze P
Broll HZagon J
Magin K
Hubner P
Stave J W
Kruse L
Eyquem F
Shanahan D J
Bluth A
Ballam L D
Pauwels J
Gadani F Kay S
Bridges A R
J ouira H B
Pijnenburg HWurz A
Wehling P
Sirven J P
Serin A
Popping B
Meyer R
Maury D
Luthy J
Kuiper H A
Lawruk T S
Archard C L
Bogl K WJankiewicz A
El-Sanhoty R
Birch L
Spiegelberg A
Studer E
Linke B
Grohmann L
Gutmann M
Hadrich J
Aarts H J M
Bertheau Y
Candrian U
Diolez AKobilinsky A
Hohne M
Kok E JHoef A M A van
Santisi C R
European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL)
Other levels of analysisOther levels of analysis
Scientometric analysis of publications is only a first exploratory level of analysis, other levels are :
Research projects (whether awarded or not)x France (about 200 projects, 1991-2003)
x USDA (Biotech risk assesst. prg, 1992-2003, 130 projects)
? Eur. Commission
Research institutions Scientists individual trajectories
USDA projectsUSDA projects
1992-95 1999-2002
1996-98
virus
geneplants
resistance
recombination
gene_flow/ introgression
wild
spread
populations
recombinant
ecological
bt
soil
fungi
modeling
species
insects
crops
transgenes
release
field
communitiesweed/y
entomopathogenic
environmentalfitness
microbes
herbicide
tolerant
adaptation
strains
stability
rna
rhizosphereevolution
exchange
fate
ringspot
Virus R GMP
GMMicroorg.
gene flow Modeling
Bt resist. management
Ecological and evolutionnist studies
Stability of the construction
gene flow
Knudsen G R
Snow A AHoward R D
Muir W M
Abbott A G
Johnson G A
J ourney A M
Ostlie K R
Rajapakse S
Strauss S H
Alexander H M
Gonsalves D
Rieseberg L
Stewart C N J r
All J N
Scherba G
Guo X
Allen S K J r
Mallory-Smith C
Belanger F C Ellstrand N C
Hirano S
Dandur L M C
Allison R F
Andrews R E J r
Heckel D G
Falk B W
Bergelson J
Fuxa J R
Power A G
Raymer P
Spira T
Tonkyn D W
Raymer P L
Bidwell C
Kapuscinski A R
Pilson D J
Tonkyn D
Spira T P
DiFazio S P
Day P R
Adams W TCarson J
Bruening G
Brown J
Clayton M
Winterer J
Thill D
Meilan R
Meagher T R
Loynachan T ELoynachan T
Leonardi S
Knusden G R
Hahn E C
Upper C
Ferreira S A
Weigel R
Weigel R M
Hibbs D E
Hart S
Hahn E
Garman S L
Gahan L J
Fuchs M
RESEARCH PROJECT :
Exploring the history of GM crops biosafety research using relational data
analysis
Christophe Bonneuil (Centre Koyré d’Histoire des Sciences, Cnrs, Paris)
Andrei Mogoutov (Aguidel)
Etienne Klein (INRA, Avignon) Fabien Moll-François (Centre Koyré)
1984-961984-96
USA weeds management
agr. entomology
gene flow
UK
virus resistance
France
food safety
Canada
Germany
Netherlands
Denmark
J apan
Australia
non target insects
Switzerland
New Zealand
biodiversity
Belgium
feed
Italy
detection
horizontal gene flow
China
Spain
India
1997-19991997-1999
USA agr. entomology
weeds management
gene flow
UK food safety
France
virus resistance
Germany
Australia
detection
Denmark
non target insects
Netherlands
Switzerland
J apan
Canada
Italy
horizontal gene flow
India
Austria
New Zealand
Belgium
biodiversity
feed
2000-20012000-2001
USA agr. entomology
weeds management
UK
gene flow
France
non target insects
Germany
food safety
virus resistance
Canada
India
detection
Switzerland
Australia
New Zealand
feedNetherlands
Italy
horizontal gene flow
China
biodiversity
Spain
Denmark
Austria
2002-20032002-2003
USA agr. entomology
weeds management
gene flow
UK
food safety
France
non target insects
Germany
feed
Canada
virus resistancedetection
China
Italy
Switzerland
J apan
biodiversity
Australia
Netherlands
New Zealand
Spain
India
horizontal gene flow
Austria
Denmark