B-82

American Brewery, (Weissner Brewery)

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse-

chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National

Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation

such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site

architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at

the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft

versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a

thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research

project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 09-11-2018

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UNlirD STt..ltS DtPART'.lf NT OF THE INl lRIOR r, .T ATE: NATIONAL ?ARK SERVICEMMiofpf()f4t)otz.'1(~~ary land

JCOvNTY

I __ Ba ltimore City

[ FOR NPS USf ONLY rNTRY OAT E _______ -

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NATIOMAL REG ISTER OF HISTORIC PLACE S

IN 'E NTORY - NO MINAT ION FOR M -- - --

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p. NAME

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_ funerican Brewery

$TJ1EET '-" t:l 'IU'.-I AL Fr;

1701 North Gay Street 'Ci-r"YORT"O-;;;-.;~ - - - ---- -·-----·----- - -iCONGRE~ioi::L;:·~~ n_.-c:_, ____ _

Bal timore Third Di

840~ lcou~:;:tiJ S1 ATE

Maryl and CLASSIFICATION

CATEGORY (CJ-:e~lc One)

1-. Dis. trie s &,:X Building n Publ i c

Si te C! Strvctur e 1~ Private

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OWNFRSH IP

-- -PubHc Acqu i • i•ion:

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no re City

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XX Occupied

ACCESSI BLE 1 0 THE PUBLIC

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r··, OL1cc1 1-1 (\01h 11 Being (on•idcr<>d < -

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l 1 p,<"~ervolion work •- 1 Unrc~ r1;cted

'PRE SEN T US E . - (Ch<·rk One or M o re i)S A p proprio re)

r, Asr icvhvrol 0 Cov~rnmcnt 0 Pork

ltX Commerc iol lndus lr io l I".: Privote Re$ idence ~

- - Educo• ionof L] Mi fi101y j ·1 Relogious

;:J E n1ertoinmen1 c M useum n Sc: 1 en ft fi c-

----- -OWNER Of PROPERT Y 10,,NER"S NAME:

Allegheny Beverage Corporation -ST.,EET ._ NC NUMO E R :

22 16 North Charles Street . C IT Y OR TO\'oN :

Balt imore LOCATION OF .LEG A L DESCRIPTION COVl'oHOUSE . RC:GISTRY OF DEEDS . ETC:

Land Record Office of the Superior Court of

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! The American Brewery brew house is a unique examp l e of nj neteenth century i ndustrial architecture . Its height and organization of interior spaces were predetermined by t he requi rements of brewing but the ex­terior detai l s are expressions of the age :md of the peop l e 1vho 1 ived a nd 111orked i.n the area . In sty l e , it con best be: described ;:is "midd l e­Europcnn Cha l et."

The brew house is five stories high but j ts t hree towers ma h.e j t scl'm taller. The centra l tm~cr i s seven stories and t he two on either side are six , The building ' s stained glass windows, de tail ed exterior brick­work and varied ~indows with arched, rounded, rectangu l ar, and square shapes add a sense of the unusua l to t he residentia l neighborhood . The interior of the s tructur e is l arge ly unaltered a l though some s ections have been modernized and others are no l onger in use .

There are t wo buildings across the street from the brew house that were bui lt during the same period and the three together show how a l ate nineteenth century brewery ivould have appeared . The southernmost of these 1vas built in 1896 as a residence for the brewery owners. It is a t hree story brick building with brownstone trim. The doo r frame and cornice are broh·nstone with roset te decorations . The rosette moti f is Tepeated in the corni ces of the 1v i ndm-.rs with a corbel in the center. 111e building itself has a wooden cornice now painted green. At present, the windows are boarded up and the interior i s gutted .

The office bui l ding next door is two s t ori es high and has three sect ions. The sout her nmost section has a rus ti cated brownstone facade . Brown­stone archivolts f r ame t he firs t floor door and wind01..;. The four rec­tangu l ar windows of the second floo r are arranged synunetrically over the firs t floor di vis ions . Above the roof line , there is a triangular section of stone with the date 1892 i nscribed on it. TI1e middle section is the same as the firs t described except that it is br5ck with stone ar chivolts. The t riangul ar stone sect ion has the dat e 1896 on i t. The l ast and northernmost section was built i n 1900 and is a lso brick . The facade has six divisions impl ied by brick arches and a slightly l arger central secti on where the garage door is. Each of the smaller sections i ncludes one semi-arched fi r st floor window and one arched second floor window. The central section is s lightly taller th an the others and includes two windows above the large door.

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The American Brewery is a monument to the deve lopm~11t of b·rcwi ng, one o f Ba ltimore's major industri es , and to the Germans who worked there and lived i n t he area . The first brewery on the side 1vus erected in 18(>3 by John Frederi ck Wiessner on l and l eased from Charles Rogers. At the time , there \Vere 21 other b re1-1eries i n Baltimore City and nearby sections of Baltimore County . Wiessner 1 s brewery was a great success and t he business quickly outgrew t he original building . Th e present structure \vas bui 1 t i n 1887 to en l arge and mo derni ze the b rewery . The brewery was one of the finest in the state and it continued to operate until Prohibition , The Wi essnc rs unsuccessfully attemptc<l to produce " near-beer ," 3 . 2~6 added, but, i n 1931 they we re forced to sel l the brewery to the Fitzsimmons fami l y \--110 mmed the Ameri can Malt Company , subsequent ly the American Bre11· e ry . The brewery is sti 11 used to brew beer although it is now a division of Allegheny Beverage Cor­poration . TI1e products made there today are Heibrau , Keg, American and Arrow bee rs. Th ey also make l•la lta Schaefer fo r the Schae f e r Company .

Many of the \Vicssners emp loyees \Vere Germans h'ho had been brewers before their emigration, and they settled near the brewe ry. The mmers also lived in t he area. TI\e residence across the street from the brew house was bui lt f or the Wiessners and was l ater used by the FitzS immons.

The keg office was i n the southernmost e nd of the other building a cross t he street from the brew h ouse. The bottle shop was in the middle section ~nd the bottling plant was in the norther nmost section . The ent ire building is now used for office space nnd storage .

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B-82

~ - - ---- ---- -MAJOR BIB LIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

-

Electrica l Contractors, Vo l . 3, no . 6 , January 1941 , p, 9 .

Industries of Maryland, Baltimore: llistori ca 1 Publishing Company, 1882 , p . 279 .

I Kelley , \\'illiam J . ' Brewing in Maryland ; from Colonial Times to the Present, Baltimore, J--:emington 's, 1965 , p . 292ff .

Po\,· er Pictorial, no . 26, - September 1933, p . 9-11.

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t~=-· COD E COUNTY COOE

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I STA- E: COD E COUNTY : COD E

S T A.T E; : CO DE COUNTY: ('O()F.

--- · 111. FORM PREPARED BY

11-1'-'VI!:. .:.ND TITL.E.:

I Catharine_J: . Bl ac_La.fl<LA.._ McClalJ an _______ I oq. -G ~ N t Z A T I ON IDAH . Maryland Historical Trust Sept. 27 . 1972 - - ----- ----S1 RE: Ei .A.NC t.~MBER :

\2s2s Riva Road ---· l ~~~=;OTlO;·;:

5T ATE corJE

Maryland 24 \ i2. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICA 1 ION NA TIONAL REGISTER VERIFICAT ION

I As 1he d e signat £:d State Li;.ison Officer for the Na ·

I tio na l Historic Prese rvation Act of 1966 ( Public Law I hereby certify lha t this proper ty is included in the

1\9-665). 1 hereby n ominate this proper ty for inclu::;ion N;•l. ional Regis te r

in the National Register and certify that it has been

"''aluated ac-cordint'. to 1 he c-·iteria "n<l procc<lu res set

forth by the Nat 1011al P ark Service. The rec-<•mnicnckd nrrtctor, Ollirt: of Ar t:IH·o lo1~Y and 1listor1c Ptt!s,•tvatinn

lc.>n·l of si~nificuncc o f this nn1n1n.Ht1on is:

Nationa I 0 State a: L on• I L-J I ' ' l • ; { I ' I /R_,)\)---~i; ~· r>.•e

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Orlando Ridout IV /\ '!TEST:

T itle State Liaison Officer for Maryland K CC!(Jer o f Th<• Nati n11aJ R n(:i sf<:r

Dat.- Sept . ..., ~

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·- '! Form 10-300a (Ju ly 1969)

( Number all entrl eR)

UNIT ATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NAT IONAL PA RK SERVI Cf.

NATIONAL REGISTER 0 F HI S T O R IC PL ACES

IN VENTORY . NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

American Brewery

#6. REPRES ENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS continue d

Maryland Regis ter of ll istoric Sites and Landmarks

1972 State

Maryland His tori cal Trust 2525 Riva Road Annapolis, Naryland 21401 Code : 24

13-82

~la ry 1 an<l COUNT Y

Rultimorc City FOR NPS USE ONLY

E NTRY N U MB ER P AT E

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Form l0-30 1 u D STAT ES DEP;\ R TME NT OF THE INTF RIO f< S T A TE I (July 1969) NA TIONA L P AR K SF l~VI C I: Ma!J' L !1Hl -- -·----- - ·~. - -·1 NATIONAL REGI ST ER OF .HI ST ORIC P LACES CO U N r v

Baltimore City P ROPERTY MAP FORM F OR N PS USE ONLY

(T y pe a ll c ntrie 1-; - ~1ttach t o or e nc/of;e with map) E N T R Y N U M B ER I D A. TE

I 11. NAM.E: .

C OMMON : Ameri can Brewery A N O I OR H I S T O RI C : Wiessner Bre\-J e1·y

12. LOCATION ST R EET AN O N U M BE R :

1701 North Gay St rce t -------------· ------- - ·-C l f" ( on TOWN:

!Sa 1 t i1no r c s r A r~= ~00 1-. ·I COU N T Y : HOUE

Maryland 2~ Ral timore Ci ty ~ro-

13. MAP REFERENCE I

SOU RCE:

U.S .G.S. 7.5 minute map quadrangle Baltimore East SC A t... E: l : 24,000 D AT E: 1953

14.· REQUIREMENTS .

TO O E I N C t... UOEO ON At...t... MA P S

l. P roperty broundories where required.

2. No rth arrow.

3. Latitude ond longitude refere nce .

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P ROP ERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM B.;!..lJj._mor_~ ___ Ci t \:'._ -------·-

FOR NPS USE ONLY

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(Type a ll entries - attach to or enc los e with photoaraph)

l. O Ameri can Br ewe r y

l~iessner Brewe r );--I- 2. 1.0CA T ION

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TREET ANO NUMBER:

170 1 North Gay Street C I TY OR TOWN:

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NAME

LOCl\TION

l\RCHITECT

O.\TES

O'i\INER

American Brewery

1700 North Gay Street B~ltirnore, Maryland

1887

American Brewery Company

B-82 AMERICAN BREWERY Baltimore City

The American Brewery is not only a unique piece of nineteenth-century industrial architecture, but also played an important role in the history of Baltimore business and the development of one of its major industries, brewing.

With its variety of stained glass windows, three in­credible towers, detailed exterior brickwork, dDd exuberant silhouette, it dominates the skyline of east Baltimore. Its style of architecture, easily identifiable with the ethnic background of the Germans whose homes surrounded it and who worked there, can best be described as "Middle European Chalet."

The structure was erected in 1887 for John Frederick Wiessner who had owned a small brewery on that site since 1863. No record naming the architect has been found. The area was replete with breweries, there being 21 separate operations in Baltimore City and the surrounding county at the time Wiessner opened his new building. It covered an area of about two acres and was equipped with the latest brewing machinery and ice equipment. Its capacity in 1887 was 100,000 barrels.

The Wiessner family operated the business until Prohibition when they sold it to the Fitzsimmons family who continued in operation as the American Malt Company until after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. American, a division of the Allegheny­Pepsi Beverage Corporation, continues to produce beer in the brewery.

Across buildings.

the street from the brewery stand three brick One is a three-story, three-bay long townhouse

(continued)

(page 2)

B-82 AMERICAN BREWERY Baltimore City

with large side yard enclosed by a brick and cast iron fence. The brownstone window sills and segmental arches continue in unbroken lines across the facade, giving the needed horizontal effect to the otherwise vertical building. Its details are in the Eastlake and North Italian Renaissance styles.

The double, two-story building north of the aforementioned yard is built in the Romanesque style, half in rough brownstone, half in brick and granite. Both parts of the double building are nearly identical, the former having a door in one of its two arches.

Adjoining the double building is a two-story, seven-bay long structure used for a warehouse. Each bay is separated by pilaster strips. The central bay has a large opening for a wagon entrance. A small pediment above the roof is flanked by two small dome-like objects.

The entire complex of buildings on the west side of Gay Street contribute to the effect which the brewery has over the entire area.

Recorders: Catharine F. Black Maryland Historical Trust April 24, 1972

Michael Bourne Maryland Historical Trust May 1, 1972

NAME

LOCATION

ARCHITECT

DATES

OWNER

American Brewery

1700 North Gay Street B~ltimore , Maryland

1887

American Brewery Company

B- 82 AMERICAN BREWERY Baltimore City

The American Brewery is not only a unique piece of nineteenth-century industrial architecture , but also played an important role in the history of Baltimore business and the development of one of its major industries , brewing .

With its variety of stained glass windows, three in­credible towers, detailed exterior brickwork , a nd exuberant silhouette, it dominates the skyline of east Baltimore. Its style of architecture, easily identifiable with the ethnic background of the Germans whose homes surrounded it and who worked there , can best be described as "Middle European Chale t."

The structure was erected in 1887 for John Frederick Wiessner who had owned a small brewery on that site since 1863 . No record naming the architect has been found. The area was replete with breweries, there being 21 separate operations in Baltimore City and the surrounding county at the time Wiessner opened his new building. It covered an area of about two acres and was equipped with the latest brewing machinery and ice equipment . Its capacity in 1887 was 100,000 barrels .

The Wiessner family operated the business until Pronibi.tion when they sold it to the Fitzsimmons family who continued in operation as the American Malt Company until after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. American, a division of the Allegheny­Pepsi Beverage Corporation, continues to produce beer in the brewery .

Across the street from the brewery stand three brick buildings. One is a three- story, three-bay long townhouse

(continued)

(page 2)

B- 82 AMERICAN BREWERY Baltimore City

with large side yard enclosed by a brick and cast iron fence . The brownstone window sills and segmental arches continue in unbroken lines across the facade , giving the needed horizontal effect to the otherwise vertical building. Its details are in the Eastlake and North Italian Renaissance styles.

The double, two- story building north of the aforementioned yard is built in the Romanesque style, half in rough brownstone, half in brick and granite. Both parts of the double building are nearly identical, the former having a door in one of its two arches .

Adjoining the double building is a two- story , seven-bay long structure used for a warehouse . Each bay is separated by pilaster strips . The central bay has a large opening for a wagon entrance . A small pediment above the roof is flanked by two small dome- like objects.

The entire complex of buildings on the west side of Gay Street contribute to the effect which the brewery has over the entire area.

Recorders : Catharine F . Black Maryland Historical Trust April 24 , 1972

Michael Bourne Maryland Historical Trust May 1 , 1972

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Form 10-300 (Dec . 1968)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

COUNTY:

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACE S

MD. HISTORICAL TRUST INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM BOX 1704

AN•'<APOUS, MD. 21404 (Type all entries - complete applicable sections)

FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER I DATE

~fl~.t~~wi•~~lW~fil'~' 0~:t5,~:~:j!will]W§il~::t~W[M~:'ft1Ji:tj%tj~~§:~c~'~'ill•'1~tt~}~8-tg%filf~~([Z\j'::2[tE::-· 2.-::jC:, .3.:::~--~:, := .:· :_:=:t '"- i;2: ·'.[:-:-: _, .. 3f \t=:::=2-' 2"Tt.Jl Y':§§,+cIT@ii~§[ MFt'{t-, :'=::~ . ..- •·• . I ,· ...

COMMO N:

American Brewery (1933 to date) AN O / OR HISTORIC:

Same (1863 John F. Weissner Brewing Co . )

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0

s'TREET ANO NUMBER:

1700 N. Gay Street CITY OR TOWN:

STATE

Balti more,

Maryland

CATEGORY (Check One)

Dis tr ict 0 Building

Site O Structure

I CODE

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OWNERSHIP

Public Acquisition:

In Process

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STATUS

Occupied

I CODE

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ACCESSIBLE

TO THE PUBLIC

~Yes: Unoccupied 0 Restricted KJ

Object 0

~ Pub.lie

0 P rivate

Both Being Considered 0 0 Preservation work Unrestricted 0

In progress O No: 0

PRESENT USE (Chec k One Or More as Appropriate)

Agricultural D Government D Park 0 Transportation D Comments D Commercia l IZl Industrial 0 Private Residence D Other ( Specify) 0 Educational 0 Military 0 ReBgious 0

"" Entertainment D Museum 0 Scientific D

z l:;iJ:_;'. $VitfER OF PROPE~TY . ·.·· · .. . · .... OWNERS NAME:

Allegheny Beverage Corporation W S TREET AND NUMSER:

w 2216 N. Charles Street "" CITY OR TOWN:

Baltimore I sTAT~~ryland I CODE

I J$. ~Wt;:6'¢At16tf¢.f LE;GAt DESCRiPTION ·,··;:· :·. ~~UR~·~;USE0, RE ~ ISTRY OF OE E~S . ETC:

Baltimore City Court House STREET ANO NUMBER:

Holliday Street

'

STA T E

Maryland I CODE

l'YLf CITY OR TOWN:

Baltimore AF>PROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED P ROP E RTY : 1. 5

• .. · .· .·. , ..

TITL. E OF s·URVEY:

DATE OF SURVEY; Federal n State 0 County O Local O DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS:

STREE T ANO NUMl3ER :

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CITY OR T OWN: 'STATE: I CODE ~ "' __ m

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CONDITION Excellent 0

N. Ft FIELD SAEET

Good ~ (Chec k One)

Fair O (Check One)

Oeteri orated 0 Ruins 0 Unexposed 0 (Cl1eck One)

INTEGRITY Altered ~ Unaltered 0 Moved 0 Original Site ~

D E SCRIBE THE PRESENT "ND ORIGINAL (It known) PHYSICAL APPEAR"NCE

See attached .

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PERICO (Check One or More as Appropriate)

Pre-Columbian 0 16th Century 0 15th Century 0 17th Century 0

SPEC I F l c DA TE( S) (If Applicable and Known)

AR E AS OF SIGNIFI CANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

Abor iginol E<lucation ~ Prehistoric 0 Engineering 0 Historic ~ Industry ~

Agri cu I tu re 0 Invention ~ Art 0 Landscape

Commerce 0 Archi lecture 0 Communications 0 Li terature 0 Cans e rvat ion 0 Military 0

Music 0

18th Century 0 19th Century ~

Political 0 Religion / Phi-

losophy 0 Science 0 Sculpture 0 Social / Human-

i tori on 0 Theoter 0 Transportation 0

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ( Include Personases, Dates, Even ts, Etc.)

See attached .

20th Century 0

Urban Planning @ Other (Spec ify) 0

N. R. f \f.LO SHEET

!\f~. . ~~jOR_ BISl:fOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ; .·

'"

See attached.

.

·w-. G!:OGRAPHICAL DATA ·, ' . .. L A TITU DE ANO LONGITUDE COORDI NATES 0

LATI TUDE ANO L ONGIT UD E COORDINA T E S

D EFINING A RECTAN GLE LOCATI N G THE PRO P E R T Y DE FINING THE CEN TER PO IN T O F A P ROPERT Y

R OF L ESS TH~N <?!" _!;: A C RE

CORN E R LA TITUDE LONGI TUD E L A TI TUDE L ONGI TUD E

Degree s M i nutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees M inute s Seconds Degrees Mi nutes Seconds

NW 0 . . 0 . . 0 . . 0 . . NE 0 . . 0 . SE 0 s E E . ~ T dI' A c H E D s c H E D u I E s SW 9 . 0 . .

LIST AL L ST ATES AN O COUNTIES FOR PROPER TI ES OVER L APPING ST A TE O R COUNTY BOUNDAR I ES

ST ATE : COD E COUN T Y coqE

ST A TE: CODE COUNTY : CODE

ST ATE: CO DE COUN TY: CODE

STATE : COD E COU NT Y: COD E

~if FORM PREPAREtftlY . ., .. . _. ...... ..,., ,:···>_:····· . ; .. '.' . ·.·.· .. ·.;. ':x: .· ·'··

N AME ANO T ITLE:

John L . Lampe, Vice President & General Manager ORG AN I Z A T I ON

AmeficaR Brewer~, A A ea env Bev racre Division of Coroorati on

I D ATE 9/2/7_0 ST RE ET AND NUMB ER:

1700 N. Gay Street C ITY OR T OWN : ST AT E COD E

Baltimore Maryl.and .)2. §TATE LIAISONOF'FICER CERTIF{C-Ai'Hj11f NATIONAL REGIST ER VEFhFfCA:TION ,

A s the des i g nated Sta t e Liaison O fficer for the N a -

tional H i sto ri c Preservatio n A ct o f 1966 ( Publ ic L a w I herebv certif y that t his property is included in t he

89-665), I hereby nominate t h is p roperty for incl usion Nationa l Register .

in t h e N a tiona l R egi s t er a nd certify that it ha s bee n

evaluat ed acc ording t o the criter ia and procedu res s e t

for t h by the Nat i onal Park Servi ce . The re commended Chie f , 0£fice of Archeology an d H i s tori c P reser va t ion

leve 1 o f s i g nifica nee of this no minat i on is:

Na t i onal D State D L oc al 0

Date

N ame ATTEST:

T itle

Ke.eper of The Nat ional R egis ter

Date D ate

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