Ayurvedic system of medicine

AYURVEDIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINEGadade Dipak D.

Dept. of Pharmaceutics,

Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad

02/23/11

1

02/23/11

2

Sushruta performing Surgery 4,000 years ago. Published by MNC Park Davies Drug company

INTRODUCTION

Ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge)

Upaveda of Atharveda

Ayurveda deals with

-herbs plants, anatomy and physiology of

body and principles of tretment of diseases

Charaka samhita- Oldest text of Ayurveda

edited from Agnivesh Samhita by Charaka

(Physician of Kanishka)

Sushruta samhita- author Sushruta (Father

of surgical medicine)

02/23/11

3

Charka

Sushruta Nagarjuna

Dhanwantari

INTRODUCTION

Agnivesh- founder of medicine(diciple

of Sage Atreya)

Nagarjuna- App. of chemistry,

metallurgy & alchemy to medicine

(Philosopher, Physician and alchemist)

He written Rasa-Ratnakar, Rasa-

kachhaputa and Yoga Sataka

02/23/11

4

THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPTS

Ayurveda is based on three fundamental principles

Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta

Tridosha theory

Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava

Siddhanta

02/23/11

5

PANCHA MAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA

Every substance is combination of

panchamahabuta

Each of it have own chr’ features,

properties & means of identification

Perfect balance of P.M.-healthy state

Disturbed balance of P.M.-Illness

02/23/11

6

PANCHA MAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA

Prithvi- Shape and form of body

Apa- Moisture, Liquidity & lubrication

Tej- Agni & Fire- Heat & energy

Vayu- Prana-Vital force controlling

respiration

Akash- Vacuoles and pores responsible

for transportation of nutritional

elements

02/23/11

7

TRIDOSHA THEORY

Dosha means impurities

Imbalance of doshas cause diseased

state

Vata-

Vayu & Akash-

Chr’: lightness & mobility balanced vata

bring about by respiration and imbalace

is bring by cold weather & vata quality

diet

02/23/11

8

TRIDOSHA THEORY

Pitta-

Agni & Fire-

Chr’: hot, bright & acidic balanced

pitta helps in digestion & energy

production and imbalance is caused by

hot, spicy food & in summer

02/23/11

9

TRIDOSHA THEORY

Kapha-

Prithvi & Apa-

Chr’: Watery & heavy balanced kapha

affords lubrication of joints & stability

of body while imbalance is by weeather,

spring, heavy metal & too much rest

02/23/11

10

RASA-GUNA-VIRYA-VIPAKA-PRABHAVA SIDDHANTA

• Important pharmacological principle of dravya or drug

• These principles cover all chr’s of drugRasa- Therapeutically active agentGuna- QualityVirya- Active principle by which potency is characterizedVipaka- End product of digestionPrabhava- Actual therapeutic activity of drug

02/23/11

11

OTHER CONCEPTS

Tridosha- Dhatu- Mala Siddhanta

Dhatus: Rasa, Raktam, Mansa, Meda,

Asthi, Majja, shukra and oja

Mala: Purisha (Feaces), Mutra (Urine),

Sweda (Sweat)

• Triguna: Satva (Good), Raja

(Aggressiveness), Tama (Dullness)

02/23/11

12

PANCHKARMA

• Procedures adopted for cleansing of body and mind accumulated wasteSnehan- Smoothing of body with massage with antivatic sesame oilSwedan- Steaming of body for removal of sweda and for lightningVaman- Expulsion of Kapha dosha with large quantities of qwathVirechan- Expulsion of sputum with of Rechak DravyaBasti- Cleansing of urino genital system with medicated enemas.

02/23/11

13

TREATMENT

Treatment of the disease consists in

avoiding causative factors responsible for

disequilibrium of the body matrix through

the use of Panchkarma procedures,

medicines, suitable diet, activity and

regimen for restoring the balance and

strengthening the body mechanisms to

prevent or minimize future occurrence of

the disease.

02/23/11

14

TREATMENT

Types of Treatment : The treatment of

disease can broadly be classified as

Pathya Vyavastha

Nidan Parivarjan

Shodhana

Shaman

Satvavajaya

Rasayana

02/23/11

15

TREATMENT

Pathya Vyavastha (Prescription of diet

and activity- do’s and don’ts of diet )

Nidan Parivarjan (Avoidance of disease

causing and aggravating factors)

Shodhana therapy (Purification

Treatment with panchkarma)

02/23/11

16

TREATMENT

Shamana therapy (Palliative Treatment

for reconstituion of humor-doshas)

Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy)

Rasayana therapy (use of

immunomodulators and rejuvenation

medicines)

02/23/11

17

BRANCHES OF TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA

Sr. No. Types of Chikitsa Treatment

2 Shalakyatantra Opthalmology

4 Agada Tantra Toxicology

6 Vajeekaran Diseases of genital organs

8 Bhutvidya Psychitrics

02/23/11

18

AYURVEDA AND DIET

An individual’s mental and spiritual development as well as his temperament is influenced by the quality of food consumed by him. Food in human body is transformed first into chyle or Rasa and then successive processes involve its conversion into blood, muscle, fat, bone, bone-marrow, reproductive elements and ojas. Thus, food is basic to all the metabolic transformations and life activities. Lack of nutrients in food or improper transformation of food lead to a variety of disease conditions.

02/23/11

19

TYPES OF DRUG FORMULATION

Powders Liquids Semisolids Solids

Bhasma Asava Ghrita Gutika

Kshar Arka Avleha

Parpati Hima

02/23/11

20

IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USES

Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of formulationUses

2 Khadirarishtha Arishtha Skin Diseases

4 Triphala churna Churna General tonic, Stomachic

6 Parad bhasma Bhasma Antidiarrhoeal

8 Shatavari ghruta Ghruta Piles

10 Medohar Vati Vati Hypolididemic02/23/11

21

IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USES

Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of formulationUses

12 Chirayata Arka Arka Antipyretic

14 Sarpagandha ChurnayogYog Heart diseases

16 Adulasa Kshar Kshar Expectorant

18 Dashmukha Qwath Qwath Ailments of Kapha & Vata

02/23/11

22

INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…

Arishtha:• Mediacted weak alcoholic liquors prepared by

fermentation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or

jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut

into pieces and Decoction is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with Decoction of

drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 7 to 10

days in hot condition and 15 to 30 days in cold conditions.

• eg. Arjurishtha, Khadirarishtha

02/23/11

23

INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS

Asava• Mediacted alcoholic liquors prepared by

fementation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or

jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut

into pieces and infusion is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with infusion of

drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 6

months• generally used as stomachic, stimulant, tonic

& astringent, etc.• Eg. Kumariasava,

02/23/11

24


Vatika:• Decoction of crude drug is prepared and

converted to soft extrat to thick consitancy• It is mixed with powdered medicines, raw

sugar, honey, gum, etc. to form pill mass• Pill mass is converted to pill pipe and pills are

prepared from it to form vatika

02/23/11

25


Churna:• Powdered mixtures of minerals, animal or

vegetable substances prepared in morter-pestle

• Powdered mixture then passed through cloth, linen or fine sieve.

• Equal quantity of jaggery or double the quantity of sugar is mixed with powdered mixture.

• It is taken with milk, hot water or cow’s urine.• Eg. Sitophaladi churna, Ashwagandha churna

02/23/11

26


Tailas:• Medicated oils are prepared by boiling drugs

in water, milk, or other liquids• Water is completely removed from

preparation• Tailas are generally used for external local

application some are also used internally• Eg. Nilgiri Taila (Eucalyptus Oil) ,

Til Taila (Sesame Oil)

02/23/11

27


Ghrita• These are medicated ghees or clarified butter• Ghees or butter is heated on fire to remove

water• Little turmeric juice is then added to purify it.• Purified ghruta mixed with drug powder or

decoction of drug and heated in earthen pot, copper pot or iron pan to remove traces of water.

• It is strained through cloth and preserved for use.

• Used internally.

02/23/11

28

02/23/11

30

Documents

Ayurvedic system of medicine