Ayurveda Daignosis&Healling

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Weekend 05-06Diagnosis & Healing

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ContentsSigns of imbalance 04Case taking 06Tongue analysis -articles 08Tongue -preparation 19Tongue Analysis 21Managing diseases 30Healing process 92Ayurvedic therapies 95Major therapies 96Preparation for therapies 99Blissful body therapies 100

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ExerciseApplication of dosha 86Qualities as functions 88Qualities as imbalances 89Qualities as therapies 90


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Signs of Imbalance - Doshas

Category Vata Pitta Kapha

01. COLOURDull, darkBrown, grey, pink

Increased, intense, burntRed, yellow, black, smoky

Pale, whitishWhite, dulls

02. DERANGED BY Wind, cold, dryness Heat, sun, fire, humidity Cold, dampness, oiliness

03. DISLIKES Cool, dry, light, bitter Hot, sour, pungent Heavy, cold, sweet

04. DREAMS Airy, flying, anxiety, fearful, Colourful, violent, aggressive Melancholy, sentimental

05. EYESDry, painful, dilated pupils, dark, falling eyelashes

Reddish discolouration, burning sensation, watering

Itchy, sticking especially in the morning

06. FECESDry, hard, less, constipated, painful defecation

Loose, hot, smelly, burning sensa-tion, with blood

Sticky, slimy, mucus, whitish, itchy anus

07. FEVERShifting temperature, painful joints, delirious

High temperature, burning, sweating, thirst, diarrhoea

Low grade, heaviness, dullness; constant

08. HUNGER Fluctuating , irregular Feeling of excess hunger Sluggish, low appetite

09. LIKES Warm climate, rest, foods Cool climate, food and drink Spicy, warm - light food

10. PERIODSPainful, dark blood, scant, spot-ting, irregular

Heavy, burning, hot flashes, sweating

Heavy clots, sticky, staining, whit-ish blood

11. MINDRestless, fear, sorrow, apathy, scattered

Agitated, violent, anger, dizzy, restless, frustration

Slow, dull, lethargy, stupor, lack of desire

12. MOODS Shifting, restless Aggression, anger, intense Dull, cold, inertia

13. MOUTH Dry, tasteless, astringent Burns, bleeds, bitter / sour Excess saliva, sweet, salty

14. ONSET Rapid, unexpected With fever, sweat or burning Slow and steady

15. PAIN Shifty, intermittent Burning, intense, feverish Dull, constant

16. PMTMoodiness, anxiety, fear, impa-tience, depression

Anger, irritability, aggression, violence

Melancholy, dullness, slowness, clouded mind

17. PULSE Thready, feeble, irregular Intense, jumping Full, slow

18. SEASON Fall, early winter Late spring, summer Late winter, early spring

19. SECRETION Absent, scanty, thin, painful Profuse, colourful, burning Itchy, sticky, dense

20. SKINDry, scaling, sensitive, pain, sensi-tive to wind and cold

Warm, sweating, reddish, burning, sensitive to heat

Cold, heavy, oily, sensitive to cold & damp

21. SLEEP Insomnia, shallow Prolonged, sweating Long, unsatisfactory

22. SMELL Odourless Profuse, offensive, pungent Fishy, stinking

23. STOMACHConstriction, dry, belching, disten-sion, bloating

Sour/pungent belching, ulcer, burning sensation

Sweet mucoid eructuation, heavi-ness, fullness

24. SWEAT Less or absence, irregular Profuse, strong, intense Sticky, staining, itching

25. SYMPTOMS Irregular, variable, shifting Intense, fast, burning Slow, steady, constant

26. THROAT Dry, rough, constriction Sore, inflammation, burning Congested, itching

27. TIME OF AGGRAVATION

Dawn, dusk, cold, dry 6 am- 10 am 6 pm-10 pm

Midday, midnight, hot 10 am- 2 pm 10 pm-2 pm

Cold, damp2 pm-6 pm 2 am-6 am

Total

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Signs of Imbalance - Elements

Category Ether Air Fire Water Earth

General natureDepletion, loss, empty, thin, wane

Cold, dry, blocked, irregular, shifty

Hot, irritable, angry, burning, profuse

Slow, sluggish, heavy, slingy

Growth, stubborn, over full, stiff

Appetite Absent Irregular, shifty Excessive, irritable Sluggish Eat regularly

Blood circul... Anaemia Blocked Acidic Excess sugar, fat Excess coagulants

Bowel Absent Irregular, bloat, pains, gas, twisted

Loose, soft, ulcer, diarrhoea, inflamed

Sticky, sluggish, slow, lazy

Hard stools, tendency to force

Circulation Very little Too cold / too hot Excess and too hot Sluggish Large vessels

Cause: climatic Cold, dark, still Cold, dry, windy Hot, humid Damp Cold, static

Cause: emotion Unsupported Insecurity Frustration Selfishness Possessive

Cause: nutrition 1

Starvation, dehy-dration

Irregular, improper eating

Eating over heated discussion

Emotional eatingEating even when not hungry

Cause: nutrition 2

Under eating, depleted food

Cold, dry, low fat, dehydrated

Oily, spicy, ferment-ed, brewed

Starchy, heavy, oily, sweet -refined

Meat, proteins, condensed food

Ears Ringing, intolerance Aches, blocked Burning, red Excess wax Narrowing canal

Eyes Dilated pupil Dry, achy Red, burning Itchy, sticky Growths

General signsSigns of depletion, emaciation

Aches, blockage, cold, shifting, virus

Burning, red, excess discharge, bacteria

Swelling, itchy, ac-cumulation, fungus

Growth, stones, cyst, clot

JointsCracking noise, depleted fluid

Ache, pain, ruptured tendon/ligament

Inflammation, red-ness, ulcers

Swollen, too loose, unstable

Stiff, immobile, spur, calcification

LipsBlue (bad circula-tion)

Cracks, dry, bleed-ing, sore

Ulcers, easily bruise, burning sensation

Swollen, cold, oily / moist

Heavy wrinkles

MindBlank, memory loss, anxious, insecure

Worried, unreliable, confusion, shifty

Irritable, aggressive, frustrated, violent

Clingy, self centred, selfish, Greedy

Possessive, stub-born, controlling

Nature of disease

Malabsorption, depletion

Irregular, shifting, aches and pain

Inflammatory, red, burning sensation

Slow, sluggish to re-spond to medicine

Stubborn, mostly long term / surgical

Nose Anosmia Septum deviation Bleeding Mucus Growth

Organs (any)Production of secre-tions stopped

Blockage of chan-nels, pain

Acidic, burning sensation

Swelling, heaviness, fluid retention

Stiffness, growth, stones, clot

Relationship Hard to relate Unreliable, shifty Intense, aggressive Clingy, emotional Possessive

SkinLow pigments and texture, insensitive

Dry, cold, scalyRed, easily bruising, burning sensation

Swollen, cold, oily / moist

Rigid, heavy wrinkles

Sleep Insomnia Toss turn Sweaty, overhot Heavy Clockwork

When wakes upNo energy, anxiety, depleted

Sore, tight, achy, tight

Irritable, grumpyLonger sleep needed, heavy

Stiff joints

Category Ether Air Fire Water Earth

Your Score


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1 Client Name Contact details Date of birth Gender Living situation Family situation: married/kids Work

2 Presenting condition Record it in clients & your words History of each condition Nature of each symptom/sign Intensity, frequency What did the doctor say? What was the diagnosis? Any test results? What is the current program/medication/therapy?

3 Lifestyle Rest Relationship Exercise Work - hours, timing, nature Nutrition, diet General routine Habits

4 History 1) of illness 2) other illnesses Conditions -diagnosed and undiagnosed Seasonal imbalances, action taken Periodical imbalances, action taken Other imbalances, action taken Hospitalization, medications, therapies with causes and effects

5 Responses and reactions What helps/aggravates? When is it better/worse? Which season is better/worse? What food makes it better/worse? What time of the day is the best/worst?

6 Analysis Agni Tri-guna Dosha Bhuta Guna Dhatu Mala Srotas Tongue Pulse/Urine Dasha-vidha Samprapti

7 Advice Health routine, seasonal routine, nutrition, diet and exercise. items to include and items to exclude practise to include practice to avoid


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TONGUESIS YOUR TONGUE TRYING TO TELL YOU SOMETHING? HEAR ITS HEALTH MESSAGE BY LOOKING IN THE MIRROR.BY CAROLINE ROBERTSON ND

Sarah stuck out her tongue. Mmm, Ayurvedic doctor Rama Prasad responded, Theres stiffness in the right hip, bloat, lower back pain, cold feet and depression. Sarahs jaw dropped wider. Without saying a word, Rama had read her state with astonishing accuracy. The tongue doesnt lie, explains Rama, who has been examining tongues for decades, finding they clearly convey ones health and habits. Sarah was sceptical at first, knowing nothing about Ayurvedic Medicine, but she adhered to Ramas advise after his observations. Following the dietary, lifestyle and herbal advice for a fortnight my symptoms improved and I also noticed changes on my tongue, Sarah says.

When an orthodox doctor probes the tongue theyre looking for obvious problems with the mouth or tonsils. But when you stick your tongue out at a Chinese or Ayurvedic doctor you show a lot more than simply the state of your throat. Your tongue speaks volumes about your mind-body state, Dr. Prasad explains, Its a holographic map of every aspect of you. Once you learn to identify the markers its very easy to read. Chinese doctor Charles Chow agrees, A tongue reading is much simpler than pulse diagnosis. The patient can also see where the problem is and monitor changes themselves. Its widely acknowledged that tongue diagnosis is more objective that pulse diagnosis and, though pulse diagnosis take decades to master, basic Tongue diagnosis can be taught in a weekend.

Setting tongues waggingTongue analysis is an ancient diagnostic skill recorded in traditional health sciences worldwide. In Ayurveda its known as Jihvaa Pareeksha, in Japanese - Zetsu Shin and Chinese call it She Zhen. The tongues colours, contours and coating all reflect our general health and specific problem areas. In conjunction with conventional diagnostic tests, tongue analysis can give us a clear picture of the condition of organs and systems, often revealing the cause of a condition presenting as a confusing collection of symptoms. Bian Que (471-221BC), one of the pioneers of Chinese tongue diagnosis said he could see the patients insides from the tongue, identifying past and present patterns as well as predicting future conditions.


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Chris, a chronic fatigue patient of Dr. Rama Prasad found tongue diagnosis directed his recovery route. Before Rama identified my spleen weakness I was trying everything without much improvement. Im 80% better now that I know the allergens to avoid and ways to strengthen the spleen.

Modern medical science is now taking notice of tongue signs. After a landmark study in China revealing significant tongue changes in 12,000 cancer patients , US researchers led by Dr. Robert Schoen, director of Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, is recording computerised images of patients tongues to note any correlation between cancer and tongue signs. Dr Schoen explains the rationale behind this, The tongue is one of the first parts of the gastro-intestinal tract thats visible. The tongue is also known as the sprout of the heart as it is directly connected to the cardio-vascular system. Hence, eighteenth Century doctors would routinely inspect the tongue in fever patients to monitor how the heart was holding up.

According to ancient Indian and Chinese medicine all the bodys meridians connect to the tongue just as they connect to the feet, hands and ears. Because of its proximity, digestive disorders are particularly obvious from tongue analysis. The tongue clearly indicates the bodys internal digestive enzymes, assimilation, inflammation, stagnation and hydration. The shag pile carpet adorning the tongue after fasting is digestive toxins exiting the body. Periodic purification, a pure diet and daily use of a tongue scraper helps to clear digestive toxins accumulated on the tongue, suggests Dr. Rama Prasad.

Keeping it clean While thou livest keep a good tongue in thy head, advised William Shakespeare. Nobody wants a furry tongue and bad breath. Removing the superficial layer of plaque and bacteria settled on the tongue reduces the risk of bad breath, tooth decay, gum disease, throat infections and heart disease according to modern research. It wont, however, alter the appearance of deep pathological tongue signs.

Ancient Egyptians, Romans and Indians all practiced regular tongue scraping to remove toxins and prevent disease. Using a tongue scraper has been shown to be more effective than a toothbrush or mouthwash and it doesnt make one gag or dry the mouth as alcoholic mouth rinses can. Research shows that up to 75% of vscs are removed by a tongue scraper whereas only 45% reduction is achieved by brushing the tongue with a tooth brush . Previously halitosis was attributed more to tooth decay or stomach problems but current studies show that up to 86% of all bad breath is caused by harmful tongue bacteria that isnt removed by brushing, flossing, or gargling alone. This foul smelling odor is produced by toxic volatile sulphur compounds (vscs) which the Journal of the American Dental Association (Sept., 2000) advises one removes with a tongue scraper.

A healthy tongueBefore assessing your tongue it helps to know what a healthy tongue looks like. Likened to a little kittens tongue, it is uniformly pink, similar to a skinned chicken. It is oval in shape, neither too thick nor too thin and has an even width. When sticking out its naturally straight rather than veering to one side. The tongue of a healthy person will remain still and strong, not quivering, flaccid or stiff. A healthy tongue has a thin transparent or white coating. It

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Tongue and Body


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displays all taste buds and is free from red or glassy patches, deep cuts and denuded patches. It is neither too dry nor too wet and it doesnt emit a bad odour or taste. The veins on the underside of the tongue will not be distended. If your tongue looks like a map of the world dont worry. Dr. Prasad explains its significance, Some people have genetic geographic tongues which indicate certain hereditary signs that are not necessarily negative.

Just say aahhThe traditional Tibetan greeting of sticking your tongue out evolved because they understood how to analyse a person through their tongue. They also kept their tongue firmly in cheek to hide their deeper secrets! Decipher your tongue talk by analysing its alignment, colour, surface and shape. Remember that coffee, tea, drugs, cigarettes or food colour can affect the colour of the tongue. Its best to look at the tongue in natural light or halogen lighting and in the morning before eating or drinking. Incandescent light makes the fur look yellowish and fluorescent light makes the tongue look bluish or purple when its not. Poke your tongue out in a relaxed rather than a forceful way so you dont distort its shape. Pop your tongue back in every ten seconds to stop it from dehydrating or changing colour. Decipher your tongues messages by correlating signs with the tongue map.

Tongue signsAlignment

Veers to one side when sticking out

Tension on that side of the body or weakness on the other side

Colour

Pale Anaemia, low blood pressure, coldness or poor circulation and general depletion

Yellow Excess bile in liver or gall bladderBlue Heart problems or blood stagnation (also present in healthy

pregnant women)Very red Inflammation, acidity, heat or high blood pressure

Surface

Thick white coating Toxins in the respective organs/systems, which may include Candida albicans and mucus. Thick yellow coating: Chronic heat, congested liver or gall bladder. This may also be related to food colourings, drugs or smoking

Cracks Connective tissue in this area is weak and undernourished and hence tight

Red patches Inflammation or acidity in this areaDenuded patches Depleted energy in this areaRaised areas Vascular congestion in this area causing probable pain

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Shape

Indents around edges Malabsorption of nutrients often seen in malnourished people with digestive disorders

Thick tongue Fluid retention or lymphatic congestionThin tongue Dehydration, depletion and fatiguePointed Tip Muscle tension, depletion and a rigid physical conditionRounded tip A flexible yet firm physical and mental conditionVery wide tip flaccid musclesForked Tip Indecisive and rapidly changeable moodsStiff Mental and physical tension

Movement

Trembling Debilitated nervous system and internal gas; usually happens in tiredness, acute infection etc.

Rigid tongue High mental and physical stressFlaccid tongue Low energy and poor circulation

Emotional issuesThese are evident through changes in the related organs zone.

Anger Liver regionGrief Lung regionWorry Spleen regionFear Kidney regionDepression White coating over colon region or black discoloration on the

tip

References-3. Barbara Kirschbaum, Atlas of Chinese Tongue Diagnosis, Eastland Press, 2000.4. Giovanni Maciocia, Tongue Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine, Eastland Press, 1995

Ayurvedic doctor Rama Prasad practices and teaches tongue diagnosis at Ayurveda Elements, Sydney and Melbourne www.ayurvedaelements.com, (02) 9904 7754Chinese doctor Charles Chow consults patients at Ginseng Chinese Medicine Centre, Chatswood, (02) 9419 7131

Caroline Robertson is a naturopath, homoeopath and Ayurvedic consultant based in Sydney. She is also the director of www.ayurvedahealthresorts.com. Email: [email protected]


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Let the client expose the tongue for seconds.

Get them to do it times.

Observe from the to the .

Observe the appearing and disappearing features.

While you record it dont think or analyse.

What if the client exposes their tongue for more than 30 seconds?

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Preparation for tongue analysis

Seating Client and therapist

Light Colour

Direction

Walls/curtains

Windows

Client Previous food/drink

Check Chin

Neck

Shoulders

Back

Tongue Visibility

Torch light type/battery etc.

Rule out the following

ANTIBIOTICS Pealing LOW FOLIC ACID Sore tongueACCIDENTS Coffee burns, bites etc. LOW VIT B Dark tongue

DISEASE OF TONGUE Blisters, inflammation LOW VIT B12 Sore tongueHABITS Chewed tongue PIERCED TONGUE Deep cut, hole, redness

HOT FOOD Redness, burns SMOKING White/yellow furLOW IRON Sore, inflamed STAINING FOODS Various staines


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Tongue Analysis Ten aspects of tongue diagnosis

Criteria Aspect of life Healthy sign Unhealthy signs01. Alignment Balance in life Centrally aligned Left/right aligned02. Colour Immunity, energy Pinkish red Gray, red, white03. Edges Peripheral, Absorption Same as tongue body Thin, eroded, dented04. Fur Undigested matter Very little Gray, yellow, white05. Marks Current imbalances Absent Cuts, ulcers, glassy06. Movement Low energy, control Still Shaky, shivering07. Shape Life, philosophy Oval Wider/narrow, long/short08. Surface Energy supply Even Uneven, wrinkled09. Texture Vitality, robustness Visible buds Dry, burnt, milky10. Thickness Accumulation Translucent Thin/thick, hot & swollen


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01. Alignment

Right sided pull at back

Left sided pull at back

Right sided pull at tip

Left sided pull at tip

02. Colour

Pinkish red

Reddish

Bluish

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Dark

Whitish

03. Edges

Grainy

Curvy

Spotted

Craked/serrated

Dented

04. Fur

Thin

Thick

Coloured White

Yellow

Brown


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05. Marks

Cuts Red

Normal

Folds

Ulcerated

Horizontal

Frills

Significance of midline

A

D

B

E

C

F

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06. Movement

Shaky

Swaying

07. Shape

Oval

Rectangular

Triangular

Narrow

Broad

08. Surface

Peeled skin

Even/uneven

Concave

Convex


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09. Texture

Grainy

Smooth

Dry

Rough

Glassy/glossy

Milky

10. Thickness

Swollen

Dense

Thin

Translucent

Opaque

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Name 01. Alignment Date 02. Colour 03. Edges 04. Fur 05. Marks 06. Movement 07. Shape 08. Surface 09. Texture 10. Thickness Observation



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Acne Acne- whether cystic, teenage or rosacea - involves an increase in pitta or kapha. Sluggish elimination and poor liver function contribute to it (weak agni). This results in an accumulation of toxins (ama) in the blood stream and the lymphatic system, that then overflows through the skins pores. Externally one can avoid harsh, heating or chemical products. See the section on Ayurvedic beauty for external products.

Internally herbs help to eliminate toxins, purify blood and clear lymphatic congestion. Some to consider using regularly include turmeric, aloe vera juice, chlorophyll, picrorrhiza, manjishtha, neem and triphala.

Lifestyle changes Foods that aggravate pitta and kapha tend to increase acne. To achieve a clear complexion avoid excess oil, sugar, salt, chilli, garlic, tomatoes, caffeine, citrus fruits, alcohol, nuts, red meat, yeast and dairy products. Favour a diet that is rich in natural chlorophyll, vitamins and minerals. This includes plenty of leafy green vegetables, ripe fruits, grains such as barley, pure water, seeds, and herbal teas such as fennel and chamomile. Exercise accelerates the cleansing process by improving circulation and elimination. Try cooling sports such as swimming in fresh water, yoga, Qi-gong, fast walking and cycling at a cool time. Daily self massage is a wonderful way not only to cultivate self acceptance and awareness but to improve the skins texture and lustre. Issues of low self-esteem and anxiety often underlie chronic acne. To uproot emotional causes practice positive affirmations, visualisations and meditation- focussing on your ideal physical, emotional and spiritual state.

Case study Sarah was a 23-year-old pitta constitution with cystic acne on her face and upper body. It worsened one week before her period and when under stress. Her diet included a chocolate and frequent orange juice. Exercise involved jogging at lunch under the noon sun. Sarah followed a pitta reducing regime, which entailed cooling herbs such as aloe vera juice and manjishtha along with primrose oil and shatavari powder to balance her hormones. She also went on a diet high in herbal teas and low in heating foods such as tomatoes, chocolate, citrus fruits, alcohol and red meat. Instead of jogging she took up yoga which included a cooling yogic breathing-sheetkari. Psychologically, Sarah realised her acne acted as a mask, which gave her an excuse to avoid social gatherings. Low self-esteem was gradually overcome by building a positive self-image through affirmations and visualisations.

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Arthritis Treatment of arthritis varies according to the type suffered. Vata arthritis tends to strike suddenly with shifting sharp pains and accompanying cracking or popping of the joints. Pitta arthritis usually involves more burning, redness and nerve inflammation. Kapha predominant arthritis generally has swelling, coldness and improves with movement.

All types can often be linked to poor digestion and a sedentary or overactive lifestyle. A therapeutic approach includes digestive tonics such as triphala, anti-inflammatory Indian myrhh preparations, pain-killing anti bacterials such as Indian frankinsence, circulatory stimulants including ginger and externally lubricating strengthening oils such as castor, mahanarayana and punarnavadi for swelling.

Lifestyle changes A nutrition plan for arthritis is tailored according to the individuals doshic imbalance. For example someone with a burning, red, throbbing pittta arthritis would be wise to follow a pitta diet. All doshas should avoid certain foods are linked to the inflammation and pain associated with all types. Ayurveda advises avoidance of sour foods, yoghurt, tamarind, vinegar, pickles, citrus fruits, red meat and vegetables from the nightshade family- potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant and capsicum. Sugar, cold foods and fried foods are also not recommended.

Moving the joints every day through their full range will prevent the demineralisation associated with osteoporosis and the settling of stagnant toxins associated with rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid arthritis. Specific yoga postures and symmetrical swimming or aqua aerobics helps to mobilise the toxins settled in the joints. Exposure to cold and damp weather should be minimised as it can often aggravate pain. Daily oil massage and in some cases steam therapy may give relief.

Case study John suffered from mal-absorption for 4 years. He started to get pains in his finger joints during winter. John was advised to rub warm castor and ginger oil into his painful joints and to take a combination called mahayoggaraja guggulu, containing Indian myrhh. John had poor circulation, which improved with regular walking, self-massage and cinnamon/ginger tea. He was given a herbal combination of celery seed concentrate, Indian frankinsense, long pepper and nut grass to stabilise digestive function. Reducing salt, alcohol, red meat and nightshade vegetables contributed to Johns marked improvement after 9 weeks.


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Asthma Ayurveda traces the cause of asthma back to inherited respiratory weakness or acquired digestive insufficiency. Extreme fear and suppression of emotions are also related to the asthmatic syndrome. People with asthma tend to suffer from accumulated toxins in the stomach and accumulated phlegm in the chest.

This sticky environment provides a fertile environment for allergens to take seed and triggers a hypersensitive reaction in the mucuos membranes- an asthma attack. In order to prevent these incidents the digestive and respiratory tract must be cleansed and fortified. This is done by identifying and avoiding allergens such as specific foods, dust, mould and pollens until the body is strong enough to expel them before the it over-reacts to their presence. The body is then purified through treatments such as therapeutic vomiting, nasal cleansing and herbs such as licorice, triphala, garlic, senna and long pepper.

The specific herbs vary according to the individuals doshic imbalance. Strengthening breathing exercises (yogic pranayama) and herbal combinations are then given to promote broncho-dialation, mucous expectoration and to build up the bodys immunity so the mucous membranes are no longer hypersensitive.

Herbal combinations for this include trikatu (long pepper, pepper and ginger), sitopaladi churna (cinnamon, bamboo manna, long pepper, cardamom and rock sugar), Vasarishtam, which consists largely of the bronchodialator vasa (Adhatoda vasica) and licorice. Herbs to strengthen the immune system to prevent further asthma attacks include chyavanaprasham, agasthya rasayana and kushmanda rasayana.

Lifestyle changes Regular aerobic exercise such as swimming is an effective way to manage asthma. Steam

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inhalation with essential oils of wintergreen, frankincense or rasnadi powder followed by salt water nasal cleansing (jala neti) and the application of a few drops of warm ghee up the nostrils can reduce the nasal passage ways hyper-sensitivity.

Applying warm mustard seed oil or a camphor based heating oil to the front and back of the chest daily can stimulate broncho-dilation and accelerate the expulsion of toxins.

Supervised yogic breathing exercises relax muscular and mental tension thereby reducing the severity of an attack or preventing it altogether. Removing allergens from the home and diet until resistance has built up is essential. Food allergies commonly associated with asthma include shellfish, mushrooms, peanuts, dairy products, meat, msg, cola, chocolate and wine. Allergens in the home include dust mites in carpet or curtains, mould in bathrooms and kitchens and animal hair. Since colds often precede bronchial asthma, exposure to cold damp weather should be avoided.

Case study Jasmine was an overweight 9-year-old with a kapha constitution, experiencing breathlessness and asthma attacks every fortnight for the past two years. She was worse in winter and when she caught a cold. Jasmine was put on a kapha pacifying diet with particular emphasis in reducing dairy products, meat and oils. She started swimming bilateral freestyle for 20 minutes daily and yogic breathing exercises. Since Jasmine was often constipated she was advised to take 1 tsp of triphaladi powder daily (triphala plus licorice).

A combination of equal parts trikatu and sitopaladi was also given three times daily. For acute attacks Jasmine took a small dose of Euphorbia hirta (Queensland asthma week) and vasa which effectively dilated the bronchiols. Within 5 months Jasmine had gone off conventional medication and over the following 4 years only suffered an average of one mild asthma attack a year.


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Boils Boils are sign of impure blood, poor immunity, excess heat and compromised liver function. Ayurveda resolves boils by prescribing a cooling and cleansing diet along with blood-purifying, antibacterial herbs. External poultices help to draw out the infection, reduce pain and promote scarless healing. Antibacterial herbs to cleanse the blood include neem leaf powder or decoction, aloe vera juice, Indian myrhh, sarasparilla, turmeric, shatavari and triphala. Western echinacea and Swedish bitters are also excellent blood purifiers. A poultice of linseed meal soaked in a warm infusion of neem, sandalwood and turmeric is brilliant for drawing out the pus, disinfecting the area and reducing inflammation.

Lifestyle changes Boils can easily spread and even multiply into painful carbuncle clusters if squeezed prematurely or if one neglects to disinfect them regularly. Always disinfect clothes, bed sheets and materials that have touched the boil. Keep the boil well coated in antiseptic cream such as neem seed oil, dilute tea tree oil or turmeric cream.

The diet to reduce boils should suit the individuals doshic imbalance whilst pacifying pitta. Heating, fermenting and acidic foods such as yoghurt, alcohol, red meat, tomatoes, chillis, onions, garlic, pickles, vinegar, yeast, sugar and sour fruits are avoided. Coolants such as water, cucumber juice or fresh coconut water flush out the impurities. Stay out of strong sun, avoiding hot showers. Check blood sugar level for underlying diabetes.

Case study Joshua was a 16-year-old pitta type with a boil under his right. His blood sugar level was high and he got drunk every weekend. Joshua took a combination of neem, turmeric, Gymnema sylvestre and fenugreek to stabilise his blood sugar levels. Daily doses of aloe vera juice and sarasparilla were given to cool and purify the blood. A poultice of linseed meal, sandalwood, neem powder and turmeric was applied to draw out the infection. Once the head had burst an ointment of comfrey was applied to heal the area.

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Candida albicans Persistent vague symptoms such as tiredness, coated tongue, flatulence, itching anus or vagina and skin conditions can all indicate of an overproliferation of candida albicans fungi. Ayurveda sees Candida as ama accumulation and takes a three pronged management approach - namely, to kill and starve the candida and to restore the healthy intestinal flora and immune system. To eliminate the candida anti fungals such as neem, Indian myrhh, manjishtha and triphala are highly effective. Externally antifungals such as neem oil and tea tree oil are useful.

For vaginal thrush dip an unbleached tampon in a mix of pure unsweetened yoghurt and a little tea tree or neem oil. Insert a fresh one every night for three consecutive nights. Western herbs such as pau darco, calendula and golden seal are also invaluable antifungals. Supporting the remaining healthy flora and immune function employs the application of herbs such as Indian ginseng, garlic, shatavari, picrorrhiza and mineral bhasmas according the individuals requirements.

Lifestyle changes Diet modification plays an essential role in a candida management. Fungus or fermenting foods is to be temporarily withdrawn. These include alcohol, sugar, fruits, tempeh, mushrooms, soya sauce, cheese, yeast, honey, maple syrup, malt and caffeine. Nutrition can include plenty of high fibre, nutrient-rich foods such as vegetables, wholegrains, culinary herbs and herbal teas.

As it is easily transmitted during intercourse condoms should always be used. During menses women should prefer pads to bleached tampons which can trigger a reaction. Lactobacillus acidophilus yoghurt or powder can be taked at room temperature daily. Antibiotics and the contraceptive pill can easily aggravate the problem so should be avoided.

Case study Carmen was a 32-year-old vata constitution with a chronic case of candida. Carmen was put on the anti-candida diet and asked to drink lots of pau darco tea throughout the day. By applying calendula and neem oil externally the itchiness around the groin and leucorrhea subsided. Internally she was given a combination of triphala, neem and hing to take twice daily. To strengthen the digestive and reproductive system she was later put on a combination of shatavari and acidophilus until her energy was restored.


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Cystitis Ayurveda sees cystitis as a sign that the body is acidic or toxic. Bacteria or fungus proliferates in an ama-filled body resulting in the burning, itchiness and pain of a urinary tract infection. Pitta constitutions are more predisposed to this condition with their increased tendency to acidity and inflammation. In conjunction with an alkaline diet, there are powerful antibacterial herbs to eliminate the infection. These include uva ursi, buchu, sandalwood, Indian myrrh, couchgrass, gokshura, calendula, golden seal and neem. Herbs to soothe and strengthen the urinary tract often used are cornsilk, dandelion root, marshmallow, alfalfa, horsetail, bala and shatavari. An infusion of equal parts fennel, coriander and cumin seeds can be very effective as well.

Try triphala, senna or slippery elm bark powder to flush out acidic digestion.

Lifestyle changes Since urinary tract infections thrive in excessive heat, management involves protection from the sun, a pitta pacifying diet and luke warm rather than hot baths. Specific foods that can help alkalise the system include barley water, coconut water, cranberry juice, rice and almonds. Wash the area with tea tree soap or very dilute tea tree oil water after going to the toilet rather than using toilet paper, which can spread the infection. Condoms, sex, synthetic underwear and tampons can all aggravate cystitis. A hip-bath in juniper, lavender and a little tea tree essential oil can ease the burning. Supplements such as calcium ascorbate, echinacea, zinc and B complex will assist the immune system to eliminate the infection.

Case study Anna had acidic reflux and recurrent cystitis over the past three months. As she was a pitta constitution she was advised to follow the pitta pacifying diet- particularly avoiding acidic fruits, tomatoes, chillis, red meat, alcohol and vinegar. She took triphala nightly and a combination of bala, shatavari and slippery elm powders three times a day. Drinking 1 liter of an infusion of corn silk, buchu, uva ursi and barley water for a week her cystitis and reflux disappeared.

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High cholesterol High cholesterol and pathologically low cholesterol are both considered health threats by Ayurveda. Since only 25% of our cholesterol comes from our diet, understanding of our own cholesterol production, emulsification, distribution and storage processes is an important concern. Research has shown that those with high levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) are more likely to be highly reactive to stress or to have poor liver or gall bladder function. The stress response triggers the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which consist primarily of cholesterol. Therefore the more stress experienced-the more cholesterol the body has to make. Hence stress management techniques are pivotal to lowering high cholesterol. When fat or cholesterol enters an ama filled body the cholesterol is more likely to clog the system and eventually go rancid(oxidize). Saturated fat from processed foods and cholesterol from animal products is more likely to illicit this rancid reaction. This may be why indigenous cultures with diets high in antioxidants vitamin A,C, E, Zinc and bioflavonoids generally have a low incidence of choleserol related diseases. Ayurveda treats high cholesterol or low cholesterol by maximising the digestion, giving a dosha-specific diet, teaching stress management with yoga or meditation and supplementing with herbs. Ayurvedas top herbs for high cholesterol are garlic, triphala guggulu, long pepper, vidanga, manjishtha and punarnava. Those with extremely low cholesterol are advised to take ghee-based tonics such as ashwagandadhi lehyam.

Lifestyle changes Kapha people are more prone to high cholesterol because of their tendency to retain fat more so than the other body-types. However the driving ambition of pittas can create stress in their lives thus elevating the bodys cholesterol production. A diet low in cholesterol foods including dairy products, meat, saturated fats, margarine, sunflower oil, caffeine, fried foods and alcohol can help to prevent cholesterol excess. Pittas would be wise to set aside unstructured leisure time and practice meditation also taking up a relaxing, uncompetitive exercise.

Foods that can keep LDL cholesterol levels at bay include oats, barley, corn, canola oil, flax seed oil, olive oil, fruit juice (especially grape, grapefruit, apple and orange), millet, lecithin, quinoa, garlic, beans, almonds, walnuts, carrots, strawberries and other foods rich in vitamins A, C, E, carotenoids, and zinc. Smoking, alcohol, deep fried foods, saturated fats and red meat should be restricted from the diet.

Case study Norm was a 42-year-old journalist with high cholesterol. He smoked 8 cigarettes a day, drank 14 beers a week and rarely exercised. With the looming threat of heart disease to act as an impetus, Norm agreed to quit smoking, take up football and substitute the beers for 1 glass of wine daily. He also reduced his dairy product and red meat intake to twice weekly. After three months on a kapha pacifying diet Norm actually started to enjoy fresh juices, salads and hearty whole-grain cereals. Practicing a yogic relaxation technique called Yoga Nidra three times a week left him feeling much calmer. Taking a herbal formula called triphala guggulu along with a tincture of hawthorn berries, a cholesterol lowering herb, Norms cholesterol had returned to a healthy level within 4 months.


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Chronic Fatigue Since chronic fatigue constitutes a constellation of non-specific symptoms treatment varies greatly from patient to patient. Chronic fatigue is much more than feeling fatigued- it generally involves chronic pain, loss of mental capacities, deep depression and digestive disturbances. From an Ayurvedic perspective chronic fatigue is due to depleted ojas, the immunity and vitality that arises from a balanced body and mind.

The body is depleted because it is busy fighting an internal battle against undigested mental or physical toxins or unresolved infections. Without the energy reserves to expend on otherwise normal physiological or mental processes, a chronic fatigue sufferer are unable to cope with everyday challenges. As chronic fatigue syndrome is commonly related to a vata or kapha imbalance general advice for balancing these is relevent. Initially a diet and herbs are given to purify the organs and channels. Purificatory practices known as panchakarma, involving treatments such as enemas or medicated vomiting may be appropriate also. This is followed by herbs, gentle exercise and meditation to rekindle the digestion, immunity and to nurture a positive attitude. To integrate this new healthy pattern into the mind/body, rejuvenating body therapies using herbalised oils along with internal tonifying herbs are considered the icing on the cake. The mistake some natural therapists make is that they try to build up the bodys strength and immunity without eliminating the underlying hotbed of ama. This may give short-term relief but inevitably fails as the toxins gradually wear down the body again.

Lifestyle changes Ayurveda talks about disease resulting from the overuse, under-use or misuse of the body. This is particularly evident in chronic fatigue syndrome. Elite athletes, workaholics and perfectionists have a higher incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome due to the syndrome of overuse (ati-yoga). Without sufficient recuperation the mind/body goes on strike, unable to function even at a minimal level. To reinstate equilibrium the pendulum may have to swing to a phase of inactivity for a short time.

By exploring new avenues for developing creativity, relationships, an inner serenity the condition can become a blessing in disguise. It is also a time to be gentle and nurturing to the body rather than a thankless taskmaster. Self massage, yoga nidra relaxation, meditation, cooking wholesome meals, connecting with nature and enjoyable exercise or hobbies can all prove helpful. The diet should be as pure and light to digest as possible.

Vegetable juices, steamed vegetables, soups, casseroles, digestive spices and wholegrains suited to the body type are supportive to the cleansing and reparative process. Eliminate chemicals from the home and workplace and choose organic, chemical-free foods, drinks, cleaning agents and paints

Case study Gretchen was a Vata constitution mother of two. She was also a nurse and a marathon runner. Gretchen contracted glandular fever yet continued her busy schedule until she finally broke down. Aching all over, feverish and bedridden for months Gretchen felt her old active life slipping away.

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In a desperate effort for self-preservation the body had enforced minimal activity. Gretchen was advised to undergo a purificatory and strengthening panchakarma regime. In conjunction with daily massage and oil therapies she was administered cleansing anti-viral herbs such as cats claw, long pepper, Solanum santocarpum, guduchi and echinacea. A series of herbalised oil enemas followed by digestive herbs were then given. Gentle yoga, Qi-gong and walking were practiced daily. She strictly adhered to the nutrition plan of fresh fruit, vegetables, wholegrains, digestive spices and culinary herbs.

Avoiding processed or preserved foods. After Gretchens digestion returned to normal, the fever went and her strength increased Gretchen was prescribed adrenal tonic herbs including withania, licorice and brahmi. After 5 months on treatment Gretchen was able to return to life at a more modified, relaxed pace. To keep her immune system strong she now takes chyavanaprash jam daily.


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Circulation (poor) Poor peripheral circulation is an affliction that vata and kapha have a greater tendency towards. Ginger, clove, gotu cola, cinnamon and brahmi are just some of the warm infusions that will fire the ciculatory system. Adding pungent spices to meals such as ginger, pepper, cayenne, green chili and paprika is another invaluable way to combat icy extremities. With vata, sometimes poor circulation is accompanied by anaemia and low blood pressure. In this case tonics that are high in iron such as red grapes and cerebro-vascular stimulants such as brahmi and gingko biloba are useful.

Lifestyle changes Warming your body with a daily self-massage is one of the best ways to optimise circulation. Vata body types can use warm sesame oil, kapha types- mustard oil, and pitta types -almond or jojoba oil. Adding a little cinnamon, juniper, rosemary or ginger essential oil to the base will increase its warming potency. Wearing warming colours such as shades of red, brown, orange, yellow and black can help to conserve body heat. Practicing half an hour of exercise daily that promotes sweat and increases the heart rate is another way to warm up the body. To prevent and treat varicose veins or spider veins apply witchhazel lotion to the area and elevate the legs for 2o minutes daily.

Case study Shaemus was a 53-year-old with constantly cold hands and feet. He was also suffering from memory loss and hemorrhoids. Shaemus was asked to walk at a brisk pace, for 30 minutes daily. He also started to give himself a warm oil massage for five minutes daily with sesame oil. In the evening he had a bath with cinnamon essential oil. Daily intake of trikatu (black pepper, long pepper and ginger) started to improve his circulation and memory within a week. A combination of brahmi and gingko biloba was later introduced to improve his memory. He also massaged his scalp with warm brahmi oil twice a week. Because hot spices may have aggravated his hemorrhoids these werent added to his diet. External application of witchhazel lotion on Shaemus hemorrhoids shrunk them.

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Cold sores Recurrent cold sores are a symptom of low immune function, a hypersensitive nervous system and unbalanced pitta or vata. To prevent an outbreak protect the lips with an aloe vera, tea tree oil and vitamin E lip balm, reduce foods high in L-arginine (see next paragraph) and manage stress levels before getting overwhelmed. Herbs to take which help to clear the virus from the body include Hypericum perfoliatum, neem, Indian myrhh, aloe vera juice, echinacea and solanum santocarpum. During an outbreak cold ice on the area for 30 minutes can reduce severity. Apply a mixture of neem, aloe gel and ghee to accelerate healing.

Lifestyle changes Enjoy foods high in lysine and zinc including brewers yeast, bean sprouts, fruits, vegetables, sunflower seeds and pumpkinseeds. Foods high in the amino acid L-arginine can exacerbate an attack so should be avoided. These include chocolate, gelatine, chicken, wheatgerm, peanuts, rye, corn, barley, soybeans, walnuts, cashews and carob. Regular meditation or guided relaxation can help to thwart an outbreak related to stress. Keep the immune system and nervous system strong with daily self-massage and herbs appropriate to the individual constitution.

As herpes is highly contagious and can cause blindness if it affects the eyes be careful to thoroughly disinfect hands or instruments that contact the area.

Case study Karen was a 24-year-old who suffered from herpes outbreaks for the past year. She noticed they were worse during times of stress and when her nutrition was poor. Karen also suffered recurrent urinary tract infections- another sign of pitta imbalance. After following a pitta reducing diet that was low in L-arginine and high in lysine Karen found her outbreaks were less frequent. She also took triphala powder and aloe vera juice before bed to purify the blood and keep her immune system strong. Taking up mantra meditation Karen was less vulnerable to stress and mood fluctuations.


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Common cold The common cold is a classic example of how the body can undergo a progressive imbalance in all the doshas over a short time. The sequence of a cold is that the body is exposed to stress, change, wind or cold. This creates a vata disturbance, which manifests as tiredness, restlessness, unusual pains, reduced appetite and loss of enthusiasm. Then the pitta phase sets in with fever, sweating and an irritated feeling in the throat, nose or eyes. As the cold progresses, kapha becomes dominant with copious mucus, lethargy and self-pity.

Whatever stage a cold is at there are plenty of effective Ayurvedic home remedies at hand. Holy basil is an excellent antibacterial, antiviral during all phases. Cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, ginger and licorice help to warm the body and soothe the mucous membranes while long pepper, pepper, ginger and lemongrass aid mucus expectoration. Turmeric, fenugreek and garlic help to purify the lymphatics and dry up mucus.

Lifestyle changes Keeping warm and well rested is the best way to support inner healing powers to conquer a cold. The head, neck and feet are the most important areas to keep warm at all times. Frequent sips of warm tea with cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, holy basil, ginger and honey is usually very effective. Inhalation with tea tree, wintergreen, camphor or eucalyptus essential oil helps to liquify and expel the mucus whilst disinfecting the respiratory passageways.

A nasal cleansing yogic technique jala neti assists in further flushing out nasal mucus. Nasal drops of warm ghee, sesame oil or traditional anu thailam help to relieve vata sinusitis symptoms. Rubbing warm mustard seed oil on the chest and back can take the chill out of the body along with a warm epsom salts bath with heating essential oils such as ginger.

Case study Fleur kept getting a runny nose and achy muscles. She was given a diet to suit her kapha constitution along with trikatu (long pepper, pepper an ginger) and daily inhalation with wintergreen essential oil.

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Constipation Kaphas tend to get constipation due to lack of muscle tone and accumulation of toxins. Herbs that tone the intestine such as triphala and dandelion are suited for this along with garlic, which contains an intestinal wall stimulant-allicin. Vatas constipation is more likely to be triggered by dehydration, a change in routine such as when travelling or stress. Lubricating laxatives such as flaxseed oil, castor oil or prune juice are very effective in remedying vata constipation. Though pittas are least likely to suffer constipation-when they do it is often linked to inflammation or poor liver and gall bladder function. Cooling liver tonics such as aloe vera juice, senna and dandelion generally re-establish the elimination flow. Inceasing fibre to bulk the intestine with psyllium husks is something all types may benefit from.

Lifestyle changes The golden rules to bowel harmony can be summarised by the three fs- fluid, fibre and fitness. Plenty of warm fluids and liquid foods help to flush out undigested waste material- especially important during airplane flights, exercise, cold windy weather and hot temperatures. Conversely- dry, baked, fried or dehydrated foods in excess clog up the gastro-intestinal tract. Mixing warm water with an adjunct such as chamomile helps it to absorb into the deeper tissues. Fibre stimulates the intestinal peristalsis innvolved in a bowel motion. Good sources of fibre include bran, fruits, vegetables, and wholegrains. Fitness promotes healthy muscle tone and function, bringing toxins to the bowel and flushing them out. Excessive tension in the abdominals however can lead to a spastic colon, which disturbs elimination. To prevent this one can squat and massage the abdomen in a clockwise direction.

Case study Emily was a 17-year-old vata constitution who had intermittent constipation. She had a very low fibre diet and rarely drank more than 2 cups of tea a day. She was asked to eliminate white flour, white rice, dairy products and red meat from her diet. The bulk of Emilys meals consisted of brown rice, bean and vegetable casseroles with digestive spices and at least 6 cups of chamomile, licorice or fennel tea. Emily practiced a yogic colon cleanse called Shanka Prakshalana once a month for 4 months and took triphala.


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Cough/sore throat Chronic sore throats can be due to lymphatic congestion, causing infected tonsils. This is treated by gargling with antibacterial combinations including tea tree, eucalyptus, golden seal, holy basil, cardamom, ginger, pepper, red sage, rock salt, turmeric, glycerine or honey. To cleanse the lymphatics internally fenugreek tea, garlic oil, thyme tincture and vasa are all excellent options. A dry, irritating cough may be due to an allergic reaction. In this herbs that cleanse, soothe and strengthen the respiratory tract are indicated.

These include coriander seeds, black cumin seeds and Justicia beddomito name a few. When the cough is productive with thick mucous strong regular herbs can be taken to prevent it from progressing to a serious infection. Such herbs would include expectorants such as ginger, long pepper and pepper; anti-tussinves such as vasa, licorice, holy basil, cumin, purified camphor and palm sugar. To soothe the inflamed membranes demulcent herbs such as marshmallow and warm milk may be taken in the latter stages.

Lifestyle changes To preserve prana vata (air lifeforce) keep talking to a minimum. Regulate airflow through gentle yogic breathing (pranayama) and steam inhalation with antibacterial essential oils such as tea tree. To reduce kapha remove foods such as rice, dairy, cold and raw foods from the menu. Heavy foods such as potatoes, bananas and red meat can be reduced. Plenty of warm herbal honeyed teas such as a cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, clove, peppercorn chai helps to dry up mucous and eliminate the underlying pathogen.

Case study Simon was a kapha constitution who suffered from coughs an average of twice yearly, which could cause bronchial asthma. He took sitopaladi powder which consists of cinnamon, cardamom, long pepper, palm sugar and bamboo manna as well as 3 cups of ginger, licorice, holy basil and honey tea a day. Once the mucous had loosened and bronchioles were opened he underwent supervised yogic vomiting once a week for 6 weeks. This quickly expelled the accumulated mucus in the stomach, which was the origin of the problem. He later took trikatu (long pepper, ginger and black pepper) at any sign of sluggish digestion.

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Cuts, bites, stings There is a complete branch of Ayurveda specialising in the treatment of venomous bites and stings called Visha chikitsa. However here we will deal with less lethal bites and stings that can be safely treated at home. A traditional remedy for fresh cuts to stop bleeding and promote healing is a paste of turmeric powder and honey. Dust area with the powder and once the bleeding has settled apply a thin layer of honey. Organic honey such as manuka or tea tree has extra strong antibacterial properties. For stings or bites apply the juice of coriander leaves and holy basil leaves. Neem seed oil can be applied to bites and stings later to keep infections at bay. Aloe vera gel and rosehip oil is excellent for promoting scarless healing in the later phase. A paste of ghee, honey, black sesame seeds and pure cows urine is a traditional remedy to disinfect and reduce the pain of cuts, bites and stings

Lifestyle changes To prevent bites, cuts or stings from getting infected blood purifying herbs such as aloe vera, neem, turmeric and manjishtha can be taken internally. Neem is said to deter insects from biting or stinging when taken internally and applied externally. Once the damage has been done- substances to boost the immune system and promote healing are advised.

Herbs with immuno-stimulant properties include gooseberries, shatavari, aswhagandha and guduchi. To reduce itching chickweed and shirisha are excellent herbs.

Case study A 12-year-old boy cut his finger while playing with a pocket knife. After washing the wound in dilute tea tree oil and hot water it was dusted with a combination of turmeric and sandalwood powder. This was applied daily with a little ghee then covered by light gauze. After 3 days healing had progressed and aloe vera with rose hip oil was smoothed on the area twice daily to ensure a scar didnt form.


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Cysts, fribroids in the uterus Growths such as ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids are indicative of a blockage of vata and a reflex accumulation of kapha and toxins in the bodily channels. To restore balance and proper elimination Ayurveda initially ensures that the digestion is at optimal function. Then herbs are given to balance the bodys hormone levels.

A common combination prescribed is called Sapthasaram kashayam. This is a mix of 7 herbs including ginger, castor root, bael roots and punarnava. It is very effective for dissolving and expelling growths. Warm castor oil poultices are also placed over the uterine region along with daily self-massage.

Since hormones consist mainly of cholesterol, when the liver is weak, hormones are not broken down and tend to accumulate in the body-resulting in growths. Hence, where applicable liver herbs are given to support the bodys detoxification process.

Lifestyle changes Women are encouraged to honor their bodys messages by adjusting their lifestyle during the menstrual cycle. In order to appreciate and facilitate the purification process of menstruation during the first three days exercise is kept to a minimum, sufficient sleep is advised, sex is to be avoided and pads are prefered to tampons in order to encourage an unobstructed flow. Heavy or oily foods, which increase eostrogen and prostoglandin 2 synthesis in the body, are reduced. These foods include meat and eggs. Other restricted items include sugar, salt, tea, coffee, soft drinks, fried foods, chocolate, cold foods and recreational drugs. Daily self-massage and warm epsom salts baths with clary sage essential oil are often helpful. A special series of yoga postures for the female reproductive system can be practiced throughout the month.

Case study Cassandra was a 35-year-old single woman with a history of 2 miscarriages. When investigating the cause 3 large fibroids were discovered on the uterus. She was advised to go on a low estrogen diet and to use warm castor oil packs on the lower abdomen daily. Given a combination of hing and saptasaram decoction Cassandras fibroids began to reduce after three months.

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Depression The darkest hour is before the dawn It has been said that an unexamined life is a life not worth living. Though a serious and debilitating condition, the underlying value of depression is that it offers space for existential enquiry. Time to process and reflect on the past and integrate it into the present in a way, which will enrich the future. Whether the depression is reactive (due to circumstances or events) or endogenous (as a result of internal biochemistry) the best approach is to strengthen the mind.

This can be done through herbs and behavioural psychotherapy. Ayurveda often employs rejuvenative herbs such as ashwagandha, shatavari, holy basil, saffron and brahmi. These are often supplemented with tailored meditation practice and body therapies such as shirodhara to balance pituitary gland function. Stimulating music, colours and gems are also effective mood elevators.

Lifestyle changes To shift depression a shift in attitude is often required. One way to train the mind to cultivate a positive and optimistic outlook is to keep a daily dairy of the blessings experienced throughout the day. This takes the focus off negativities and onto everyday blessings that can be easily taken for granted. Setting small goals and achieving them helps one to gain the momentum and enthusiasm needed to move from the stagnant, introspective gear of depression. Often depressed people are simply unimpressed with life.

Inspirational reading, counseling and taking up a fun hobby can help one to regain lust for life. Exercise is particularly effective as it triggers the release of the natural pleasure chemicals- endorphins. Sufficient exposure to sunlight is essential to eliminate the possibility of depression induced by SAD (seasonal affective disorder). Substances that can aggravate depression include caffeine, alcohol, marijuana and nicotine.

Case study Evan was a 40-year-old, who had suffered depression for sporadic periods throughout his life. Though he had felt an underlying pessimism about life this was further reinforced by recent job retrenchment. Evan was given a series of energising yoga exercises called the Five Tibetans and asked to walk in nature for 30 minutes daily while listening to a compilation tape of his favorite music. To support his adrenal and brain function he was given a herbal jam called Ashwagandadi lehyam and a series of shiro-dhara treatments. Psychotherapy sessions gave Evan a renewed sense of his career options, which led him to pursue his teenage dream of joining a jazz band. On the rare occasions when the blues progressed to the black cloud of depression Evan found group meditation sessions lifted him out of the slump.


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Diarrhoea Diarrhoea is the bodys attempt to expel indigestible matter. Substances may be indigestible due to a weak digestive fire or may be harmful as in the case of food or water infected with bacteria or parasites. Ayurveda believes that plugging up the system can make things worse, instead it aims to eradicate toxic matter (ama) whilst strengthening the digestion (agni).

At the initial phase a gentle bulking laxative such a psyllium husks may be given to promote complete expulsion of toxins. When this is achieved anti microbial herbs such as black walnut hulls, pomegranate rind, nut grass, grapefruit seed extract, kutaja and cloves may be prescribed. Then herbs to encourage the body to retain nutrients are given such as bael juice, nutmeg and charcoal tablets. Once the diarrhoea is controlled herbs to re-ignite the digestive fire are given which may include long pepper, cumin and ginger.

Lifestyle changes There is an Indian saying- If you want an unwanted guest to leave then dont feed them. This is also the case with diarrhoea. Fasting from food is recommended as long as the persons strength remains. If weakness sets in then stomachic and anti-diarhoeal foods such as rice soup with ginger powder and coriander leaves, pomegranate juice, unripe banana, grated cooked apple with nutmeg, guava, buttermilk and whey can be taken.

Most serious complications from diarrhoea arise due to dehydration. To prevent this, give plenty of this electrolyte-rich formula. For every bowel motion give 1 cup of room temperature water with 1/2 tsp of lemon juice, 1/4 tsp salt and 1 tsp honey.

When suffering from diarrhoea one should avoid hot water bathing, exposure to the sun, oil massage and exerting physical activity.

Case study A 28-year-old lady suffered from acute diarrhoea after a trip to south east Asia. Initially she was given haritaki fruit to flush out the liver and colon, She then took a combination tincture of black walnut hulls, cloves, grapefruit seed extract, wormwood and kutaja. Her diet was restricted to rice soup with a pinch of nutmeg, coriander leaves and salt. She also took cooked apples and chamomile tea with honey.

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Dry skin Vata constitutions are particularly prone to dry skin, which gets worse in winter. Internal and external therapies are required to effect long term improvement. A small quantity of ghee can be taken with each meal. Alternatively ingesting the maximim dose of flaxseed oil or evening primrose oil daily improves the lustre of the skin. Herbs to aid the digestion will facilitate the absorption of lubricants through the skin layers. The appropriate herb for this depends on the individuals doshic imbalance. Sufficient warm water mixed with a synergist such as herbal tea or fruit juice will also carry moisture to the deeper tissue layers.

Lifestyle changes Exercise to sweat to open the skin pores and to assist the proper circulation of skin nutrients. Dehydrating things to be avoided include baked food, dried fruits or vegetables, puffed grains, tea, coffee, carbonated drinks, diuretics, wind, exposure to the sun, hot water, hair dryers and airplane flights. To manage the condition externally try dry skin brushing to exfoliate off dead skin cells then warm oil should be applied to the whole body one hour before taking bath. Vata can use sesame oil, pitta- coconut oil and kapha can apply corn oil. Avoid chemical and alcohol based beauty products. Instead a moisturiser of rosehip oil or hempseed oil and a cucumber/rosewater toner can help to seal the skins moisture in. Ghee softens and moisturises chapped lips

Case study Heather had chronic dry skin. Now 34, she had a vata imbalance, which was evident by the presence of obstinate constipation. She was asked to follow a vata pacifying diet that included plenty of ghee, warm liquid casseroles and at least 6 cups of herbal tea daily. Daily yoga exercise and sesame oil massage was diligently observed. She was also given 2 tsps of castor oil with 1 tsp of ginger juice to take before bed. After 10 days on this regime the castor oil was stopped and Heather was given a series of small oil enemas for three days. Her skin started to feel smoother and more lubricated after one month.


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Earache An external earache can eased with the use of antibacterial herbal drops. First steam the ear with hot water and a little tea tree oil. Then apply an antibiotic mix of garlic olive oil. This can be made by heating one tbs of olive oil and then adding 2 crushed garlic cloves to it. Put 4 drops in each ear, massaging the remaining oil around the outer ear. Mulleine oil drops for the earache is an excellent alternative to this. Another specialty Ayurvedic treatment for chronic ear problems such as glue ear is similar to the Hopi Indians ear candling technique. A cloth cigarette lined with ghee, turmeric and triphala is connected the ear by a tube. This opens the eustachian tubes and dries up accumulated toxins in the ear.

Seek medical assistance if symptoms persist.

Lifestyle changes As with all infections the immune system must be supported with purifying herbs and foods such as echinacea, gooseberry, turmeric, golden seal, neem and garlic. However these should be selected according to the individuals doshic imbalance. Avoid touching the ear and try not to sleep on it. Swimming should be avoided until the infection has cleared. However compresses of warm water and a little tea tree oil can be pressed on the ear for relief. Take off earrings and reduce exposure to loud noises. A yogic breathing technique called bees breath (bhramari) is excellent to strengthen the ear canals.

Case study Dominique was a 12-year-old boy who got an ear infection after swimming. With redness, pain and slight tinnitus he was at the acute inflammatory stage. His ear was steamed with a mix of hot water, triphala and turmeric. Then a traditional Ayurvedic garlic and calamus oil called vacha lasunadi was dropped into the ears. A cotton wad soaked in warm water and dilute tea tree oil was placed in the outer ear for 10 minutes three times a day.

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Eczema When impurities accumulate in the gut and blood they may irritate the skin and nervous system as is the case with eczema. Whether the cause be allergic, emotional, fungal, bacterial or unknown, Ayurvedas first tactic is to purify the gastro-intestinal tract and the blood. This is achieved with herbs such as manjishtam, neem, Indian sarasparilla, cassia fistula, picrorrhiza, turmeric and triphala. The nervous system may need tonifying with herbs such as kava kava, ashwagandha and brahmi. Once the internal channels are fortified external oils are used to soothe the skin. Coconut based oils with herbs reduce the inflammatory process as well as easing the itching and oozing often associated with exzema. Herbs such as cardamom, turmeric, triphala, manjishtha and neem are commonly used.

Lifestyle changes

A diet rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins A, C and Zinc has been shown to assist in eczema. This can be obtained by taking flaxseed oil, seeds, yellow vegetables and non-acidic fruits. Foods that tend to aggravate eczema are dairy products, meat, sugar, acidic fruits, tomatoes, hot spices, yeast and alcohol. Since coriander leaves have natural anti-histamines adding it to vegetables is beneficial. Plenty of fluids such as licorice tea, chlorophyll and aloe vera juice can help to flush out the toxins.

Case study Sasha was a 16-year-old girl who had suffered from eczema for the past five years. She had a vata pitta constitution and found the condition worsened under stress, with dairy foods and sugar and when she used soap. She was asked to stop using soap immediately and instead to use a bathing powder made from the herb shirisha. Sasha then went on a one week purification diet of suitable fruits, vegetables, juices and evening primrose oil. At the same time she took triphala nightly and aswagandha to reduce stress. Daily sessions of Yoga Nidra relaxation were advised followed by a relaxing 30 minute walk in shaded parkland.


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Eye disorders Eye disorders can be due to an imbalance in vata, pitta or kapha. Vata disorders in the eye tend to lead to dryness, poor vision and degeneration such as retinal detachment and eyestrain. Pitta imbalances cause with burning, inflammation, yellow pus, redness and pterygiums. Kapha imbalances result in clouded vision, glaucoma, cataracts, thick pus and watery eyes. Ayurvedic eye treatment varies for each problem. One standard eye strengthening and purifying treatment is triphala eyewash. Eyebright infusion is another effective eye-bath.

Another therapy for vata and pitta is a technique called netra vasti. This is a procedure where a circular dam of urad flour dough is built around the reclining patient. The closed eyes are then filled with warm ghee or medicated oil. The eyes can be opened for a few minutes then closed. This strengthens the nerves and tissues of the eyes as well as enhancing intuition, relaxation and vision. A drop of pure castor oil in the eyes is also healing for vata and pitta eye diseases. As shatavari is high in vitamin A and gooseberry in vitamin C these strengthen the eyes connective tissue integrity.

Cooling herbs such as coriander seeds and leaves, roses, sandalwood and fennel are also applicable. More than just a cosmetic- Indian eyeliner (kajal) is made of camphor and castor oil which improves the vision.

Lifestyle changes Ayurveda believes that the eyes are one of the first body parts to degenerate with age. Therefore it is vital to protect the eyes from chemicals, overstrain, sunlight and internal toxins. This can be achieved by wearing protective sunglasses whilst outside, keeping a distance of at least 6 feet from the television, using a glare reducing screen on your VDU to reduce eye strain, reading in good light and taking a break from focusing on one thing every 25 minutes. Yogic eye exercises are an excellent way to maintain clarity of vision. Trataka is another yogic technique involving candle gazing, which purifies the eyes and improves focus. Heat also increases degeneration of the eyes connective tissue so avoid hot hair dryers, hot water on the face, alcohol based cosmetics around the eyes and heating foods. A diet, rich in antioxidants such as fresh fruit and vegetables also create strong eyes.

Case study Irene was a 45-year-old pitta constitution suffering from short sightedness and sporadic conjunctivitis. Since her conjunctivitis worsened with chillis, tomatoes, vinegar and oil these foods were removed from her diet. To cool her overheated body she was asked to go on a pitta reducing diet, swim in cool water and take aloe vera juice daily. She used a triphala and turmeric eyewash daily and threw away old eye make-up to prevent re-infection. When she had the occasional relapse Irene found placing cotton wool soaked in cold coriander seed infusion over her eyes gave rapid relief.

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Flatulence Occasional flatulence is a natural bi-product of digestion. However chronic and excessive wind is a painful and embarrassing indicator that the digestion is deranged.

To tackle the problem Ayurveda has an abundance of useful household herbs. To increase digestive enzymes herbs such as ginger, piper longum, garlic and asafoetida are invaluable. Mild laxative herbs such as triphala and castor oil help to clear out fermenting intestinal toxins. Herbal oil enemas (vastis) are another effective way of cleansing the colon. Specific carminative culinary herbs and spices are Ayurvedas specialty. Add the following to meals to reduce gas- cumin, cardamom, fennel, coriander, ajawan and ginger. Charcoal and peppermint tablets give temporary relief in extreme cases.

Lifestyle changes Since flatulence is most commonly due to excess vata in the colon, a vata pacifying diet and regime is often indicated. Vata increases as a result of stress, anxiety, dehydration, exhaustion, flying, irregular meals and in cold windy weather. To reduce the impact of these influences meals should be taken in a relaxed way with less talking and more chewing. Daily abdomenal massage with warm sesame oil and exercises to strengthen and stretch the abdominal and back muscles can help. Gaseous foods or those that easily ferment should be minimised-especially at night. These include nuts, beans, soya milk, red meat, cabbage, raw vegetables, yeast, alcohol, sugar, milk and carbonated drinks.

Case study Mark suffered from gas ever since a bout of giardia 3 years ago. A powder mix called Hinguvachadi (see asafoetida home remedies) helped to reduce the gas. Mark also took a clove and wormwood tincture to eradicate any lingering intestinal bugs. A cleansing diet of vegetables, grains and digestive spices gave the digestion a chance to clear out built up toxins. Mark then had a series of five oil enemas and maintained his recovery with liver herbs including dandelion root tea and garlic.


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Inflammation is the bodys normal protective response to an injury, irritation, or sur-gery. This natural defense process brings increased blood flow to the area, re-sulting in an accumulation of fluid. As the body mounts this protective response, the symptoms of inflammation develop. These include:

Swelling, pain, increased warmth and redness of the

skin

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Fever Fever occurs when the body needs to combust toxins. It also strikes when the body is free of toxins but is weak or overheated, as in sunstroke. In the initial phase of fever with toxins Ayurveda promotes sweat and bowel motions to help remove heat and ama from the body. Sweating can be induced by keeping the patient warm or with herbs such as ginger, cinnamon, catnip, chamomile, coriander, thyme, cloves and holy basil. If the patients fever is dangerously high then this approach may aggravate the situation, especially in pitta body types. The fever victim will instinctively desire what feels right. The next step is to cool the system with substances such as sandalwood, guduchi, feverfew, white willow bark, ginger, boneset, bitter herbs, red grapes, coriander seeds, coriander leaves, holy basil and rice soup.

Lifestyle changes Chronic low-grade fevers are a sign that the body is too weak to heal itself. The immune system may be oversensitive to a normal range of pathogens, lacking the inner energy reserves to accomodate them. The message is to rest, relax and rejuvenate the drained body and mind. Tonifying herbs such as ashwagandha, shatavari and echinacea along with a light and nourishing diet help to re-establish homoeostasis. Dry accupressure massage (marma chikitsa) or medicated oil massage can also help. Late nights, travel, exerting exercise and exposure to heat or environmental extremes will only make things worse. Conversely yoga nidra relaxation or very gentle yoga can trigger inner healing mechanisms.

Case study Fiona was a 29-year-old life-guard with a fever for no apparent reason. She also suffered from peptic ulcers with reflux. Fiona took two weeks off beach watch duty and an indoor post. This was give her body and chance to cool down. Heating items were restricted from her diet such as tomatoes, salt, chillis, onions, garlic, red meat, fish, alcohol, citrus fruits and vinegar. She also took cabbage juice, slippery elm and shatavari for her acidic digestion. A cooling, laxative juice from coriander leaves a pinch of sandalwood powder and 10 mls of aloe vera juice stabilised her temperature within one week.


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Headache There are almost as many causes of headaches as there are people who suffer from them. Half the cure is in understanding the cause. The main elemental imbalance is evident by the presenting symptoms.

With vata headaches the pain is sudden and fluctuating. It often moves around the head and may be accompanied by restlessness, dry mouth, irritability and fatigue. Pitta headaches often involve a raise in temperature, redness, throbbing, sweating and a feeling of frustration. Headaches of a kapha origin commonly present with a congested feeling in the sinuses and a heaviness of the head. Vata headaches may be due to constipation, poor spine alignment, tempero-mandibular joint problems, dehydration, muscle tension, intestinal gas, malnutrition, low blood pressure, low blood sugar or anxiety. Pitta headaches can be linked to liver disorders, anemia, impure blood, overexposure to the sun, heating foods and drinks or suppressed anger. Kapha headaches can sometimes be traced to overeating, excess sleeping, mucus accumulation in the stomach or sinuses and depression.

For vata headaches herbalised oil massage, nasal drops, oil enemas and consistent rehydration are key remedies. Useful herbs include dasamoola (10 roots combination), iron rich ashwagandha, castor oil as a laxative and western nervine herbs such as vervain, valerian, skullcap, white willow bark or wood bettony.

Pitta headaches can be treated with cooling herbs such as cumin, coriander, sandalwood, aloe vera, gentian, triphala, fennel and cooling essential oils such as lavender, gardenia, jasmine and sandalwood. A specialised Ayurvedic therapy for pitta headaches is where tender coconut water or cool milk is poured continuously over the forehead for at least 40 minutes (ksheeradhara).

Since kaphas are often very congested they respond to supervised steam inhalation, vomiting therapy and nasal irrigation combined with fasting to dry up mucus and toxins. Beneficial warming and stimulating herbs include trikatu (long pepper, pepper and ginger powder), fenugreek, garlic, golden seal or a traditional combination called sitopaladi powder (bamboo manna, cane sugar, long pepper, cardamom and cinnamon).

If headaches are linked to eyestrain follow the regimes advised in the eye disorders section. If there is a correlation with the menstrual cycle see the premenstrual syndrome section.

Lifestyle changes There are some simple preventative and management techniques for headaches irrespective of the cause, which is not always identifiable. As soon as you feel a headache coming on take at least four cups of warm tea. Vervain or scullcap for pitta, valerian for vata and ginger for kapha. A paste of fresh ginger and ghee paste on the forehead for vata or alternatively nutmeg powder and warm water for vata or ginger and water for kapha helps to subdue the pain. Lying down in a cool dark room and sleeping or doing a guided relaxation tape can relieve the pain totally in some cases. The diet should be as simple as possible, avoiding fatty, oily, sugary, preserved or heavy foods such as nuts, meat and dairy.

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Caffeine, alcohol, chocolate and preservatives are just a few of the hundreds of possible dietary triggers. An allergy test may help to identify specific triggers. Massage of the head, neck, shoulders and feet with warm sesame o

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