Avoiding Plagiarism

You must give credit for every

Quote

Summary

Paraphrase

Methods for Quoting Material

1. Short Quotations

Short quotations (exactly as written in source) are written as a part of your sentence or paragraph:

a. Quote preceded by a verb (says, notes, indicates, etc.)

Some Americans feel that efforts to solve the “homeless problem” are really just efforts to hide the ugliness of homelessness from our view. Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, notes, “An increasing number of U.S. cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public” (320).

Note comma following verb

Note placement of end punctuation

b. Quote preceded by a restrictive clause (starts with “that”, “who”, “which,” etc.)

Some Americans feel that efforts to solve the “homeless problem” are really just efforts to hide the ugliness of homelessness from our view. Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, notes that “an increasing number of U.S. cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public” (320). Note lower case first

word of quoteNote no comma preceding quote

Note end punctuation

Short Quotations

2. Longer QuotationsGenerally, long quotations are preceded by a colon and an introductory clause, like “states the following:”

Americans’ attitudes toward women in the work force have changes over the years in part as a result of social and political issues far beyond typical women’s issues. Susan Faludi, notes the following changes:

The spiral swung around again in the 1940s as a wartime economy opened millions of high paying jobs to woman, and the fovernment evan began to offer minimal day care and household assistance. (Backlash 51)

Indent quote 5 spaces on leftMaintain double line spacing

Note end punctuation

3. A Quote within a Quote

Occasionally, you will want to quote material which your source has also quoted. This may happen in two ways:

a. You will quote only the material that your source quotedSome feminists see conspiracy around every corner. In 1933, Doris Stevens noted, “All around us we see attempts being made, buttressed by governmental authority, to throw women back into the morass of unlovely dependence from which they were just beginning to emerge” (qtd. in Faludi 50).Note lower case qtd. Note end punctuation

3. A Quote within a Quote

b. You will quote both the source AND the material quoted in the source

Women who delayed childbearing “were, in the words of President Theodore Roosevelt, ‘criminals against the race’ and ‘objects of contemptuous abhorrance by healthy people’” (Faludi 49).

1st set of quotation marks use “

2nd quote uses

single ‘

Close each quote with its appropriate quotation mark

Methods for Quoting Recap:

1. Short Quotations

a.preceded by a verb (use comma)b.preceded by relative clause (no comma)

2. Long Quotations

a. indent on left side

b. period before parentheses

Methods for Quoting Recap:

3. Quote within Quote

a. Quoting source’s quotes (qtd. in)

b. Quoting source and source’s quote (‘ “ )

About Parentheses:

USE PARENTHESES TO DIRECT READER TO SOURCE LISTED IN WORKS CITED PAGE.

. . . by healthy people’” (Faludi 49).

Include author’s LAST name if you have not already stated it when introducing the quote

Include page # on which quoted material is found -- No page # needed if internet source does not include original page #s

NO COMMA Between

author and page #

About Parentheses:

Internet sources may not require parentheses IF:

•Author is noted in text

•Internet source does not use original page #s

Kristin Harrar states, “For example, Maine had an average male high school enrollment of 31,526, or 51.5%. The average female high school enrollment stood at 29,703, or 48.5% women.”

Author stated in text

No parentheses

Period inside quotation

marks

About Parentheses:

Information given with quotation, summary, or paraphrase MUST lead reader to the correct entry in the Works Cited Page

Be sure author’s last name is in-text or in parentheses.

If the article does not have an author, use the first word of the Works Cited entry.

•First Significant word of title

•Name of organization or group author

About Parentheses:

What if my Works Cited page includes TWO sources by the same author?

Include the first significant word of the title after the author’s name in parentheses:

(Gavora, “Field”).

OR Indicate the title of the work in TEXT:

In “A Field of Nightmares,” Gavora indicates,

ONLY include in parentheses information that is NOT included in-text with the quoted material.

About Parentheses:

. Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, notes . . “criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public” (320).

Author noted in text

Page number only

Methods for Altering Quoted Material

Why would I ever change quoted

material anyway?

•To make quotation flow with your writing

•To condense quotation to only that which you NEED to quote

Ellipsis Points

Shorten and specify quotations using ellipsis points

Celine Marie Pascale, for instance, shows that “in a misguided effort to deal with homelessness [ . . .] U.S. Cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior” (320).

Material was taken out here

Page reference and period placement

unaffected

Adding Emphasis

A. If you add emphasis (underline, bold, italicize) to a quote, use parentheses at end for comment

Pascale (320) notes that “an increasing number of U.S. Cities are criminalizing non-criminal behavior such as loitering and sleeping in public (emphasis added).Comment in lower

case. No internal punctuation

These words were NOT underlined in original, so this is added emphasis

Comments or Clarifications

Use square brackets when making comments within the quoted material.

Pascale notes that “the latest government reports [April 1999] indicate that homelessness has increased 2% each year for the past 10 years” (318).

This date is not in the original -- You are

telling the reader when these “latest

reports” were published.

Adjusting Quote for FLOW

If you alter a quote to make the grammar flow with your sentence, place square brackets around the words you change.

I regard [neckties] of all sorts as dangerous neck tourniquets that block the flow of blood to the brain and cause a buildup of hot air that, if unchecked, can turn a person into a fathead” (Hall 113).

Change in word

indicated by [ ]

Adjusting Quote for FLOW

Sometimes, the quoted material uses pronouns or other vague words that do not make sense out of context. You can add clarification in brackets.

Jackson said “I guess MGM’s lawyers and New Line Cinema are going to have a huge amount of fun [ . . . ] trying to work it [the legal rights to filming The Hobbit] out” (“Don’t”).

Added explanation

of “it”

Words eliminated

for conciseness

First word of title of

article with no author