AVOIDING PLAGIARISMAVOIDING PLAGIARISM1111thth Grade Grade

Joanne F. ChristensenJoanne F. ChristensenAdapted from power points by Adapted from power points by

Marianne F. Bates & Joyce ValenzaMarianne F. Bates & Joyce Valenza

What is plagiarism?What is plagiarism?

Representing someone else’s Representing someone else’s ideas or words as your own.ideas or words as your own.

Plagiarism is:Plagiarism is:

CopyingCopying StealingStealing CheatingCheating DishonestDishonest

You must do your own work AND you must You must do your own work AND you must give credit when you use the work of others.give credit when you use the work of others.

Types of PlagiarismTypes of Plagiarism

DirectDirect-copying something word for word.-copying something word for word.

Self plagiarismSelf plagiarism-handing in a paper you -handing in a paper you wrote for another class (without the wrote for another class (without the teacher’s permission).teacher’s permission).

Types of PlagiarismTypes of Plagiarism

Accidental or unintentional Accidental or unintentional – not citing your – not citing your sources correctly.sources correctly.

CollusionCollusion- - Allowing someone else to copy Allowing someone else to copy your work or writing something for someone your work or writing something for someone else.else.

Intentional PlagiarismIntentional Plagiarism

Copying a friend’s workCopying a friend’s work Buying or borrowing papersBuying or borrowing papers Cutting and pasting blocks of text from Cutting and pasting blocks of text from

electronic sources without documentingelectronic sources without documenting Media “borrowing” without documentationMedia “borrowing” without documentation Web publishing without permissions of Web publishing without permissions of

creators creators

Unintentional PlagiarismUnintentional Plagiarism

Careless paraphrasingCareless paraphrasing

Poor documentationPoor documentation

Quoting excessivelyQuoting excessively

Failure to use your own “voice”Failure to use your own “voice”

Why Academic Integrity?Why Academic Integrity?

When you copy you cheat yourself. You limit your When you copy you cheat yourself. You limit your own learning.own learning.

The consequences are not worth the risks!The consequences are not worth the risks!

It is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas It is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas you useyou use

Is your academic reputation valuable

to you?

Why Academic Integrity?Why Academic Integrity? Citing gives authority to the information you Citing gives authority to the information you

presentpresent

Citing makes it possible for your readers to locate Citing makes it possible for your readers to locate your sourceyour source

Education is not an “us vs. them” game! It’s about Education is not an “us vs. them” game! It’s about learning to learn!learning to learn!

Cheating is unethical behaviorCheating is unethical behavior

ExampleExample

The average punishment for students found The average punishment for students found guilty of cheating at Yale is a two-semester guilty of cheating at Yale is a two-semester suspensionsuspension

The average punishment is the same at The average punishment is the same at Harvard, where the plagiarism policy is outlined Harvard, where the plagiarism policy is outlined in a one-hour lecture during freshman in a one-hour lecture during freshman orientation.orientation.

--Christian Science Monitor, 11 May 2006

yesatyale.org

www.pycomall.com

Did Plagiarism Change U.S. Did Plagiarism Change U.S. History?History?

Planned to run for the 1988 presidency Planned to run for the 1988 presidency Accused of plagiarism in 1987Accused of plagiarism in 1987 “Not only borrowed the words of another

politician, Neil Kinnock . . . He borrowed his life-story, too.” (The Economist, 2008)

In September, 2008, he dropped

out because of the plagiarism

report.

flickr.com

Three Keys to Avoid PlagiarismThree Keys to Avoid Plagiarism

SummarizeSummarize

ParaphrasingParaphrasing

Direct QuotationsDirect Quotations

What is this?What is this?

http://www.worldbookonline.com

Information About the Grand CanyonInformation About the Grand Canyon“The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular canyons in the world. It cuts through northwestern Arizona in Grand Canyon National Park The Grand Canyon extends 277 miles. It is about 1 mile deep. The canyon varies in width from less than 1 mile to 18 miles. . . The Colorado River flows through the canyon. The river formed the canyon over millions of years by cutting through layers of limestone, sandstone, shale, and other rocks. The rock layers vary in shade and color, and the tones seem to change during the day. Some rocks in the deepest part of the Grand Canyon date back 2 billion years. The Colorado River began to form the Grand Canyon about 6 million years ago.”

--World Book Encyclopedia

http://www.nps.gov/grca/

“Nature's greatest example of sculpture, the Grand Canyon in northern Arizona is the most spectacular canyon in the world. It is a gorge cut through high plateaus by the Colorado River. It is noted for its fantastic shapes and colors. Within the walls of the canyon stand imposing peaks, canyons, and ravines. In general, the color of the canyon is red, but each stratum (a layer of the Earth) or group of strata has a distinctive hue-buff and gray, delicate green and pink, and, in its depths, brown, slate-gray, and violet.”

--Encyclopedia Britannica

Finding KeywordsFinding Keywords

canyoncanyon rock layers rock layers

ArizonaArizona Colorado RiverColorado River

gorgegorge cuttingcutting

plateauplateau color, shade, tonecolor, shade, tone

stratumstratum

www.hikingtripreports.com

Using Keywords To Using Keywords To SummarizeSummarize

Use your own wordsUse your own words

Use common information from one or Use common information from one or multiple sourcesmultiple sources

ShortenShorten

Write main ideasWrite main ideas

Ready, Set, Write!Ready, Set, Write!

Now, using your Now, using your keywords, write a few keywords, write a few sentences sentences summarizing what you summarizing what you have learned about the have learned about the Grand Canyon. Make Grand Canyon. Make it sound like you—not it sound like you—not like an encyclopedia or like an encyclopedia or a book. a book. Underline Underline your key words.your key words.

mesa-travel.com

SummarizeSummarize“The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular canyons in the world. It cuts through northwestern Arizona in Grand Canyon National Park The Grand Canyon extends 277 miles. It is about 1 mile deep. The canyon varies in width from less than 1 mile to 18 miles. . . The Colorado River flows through the canyon. The river formed the canyon over millions of years by cutting through layers of limestone, sandstone, shale, and other rocks. The rock layers vary in shade and color, and the tones seem to change during the day. Some rocks in the deepest part of the Grand Canyon date back 2 billion years. The Colorado River began to form the Grand Canyon about 6 million years ago.” --World Book Encyclopedia

“Nature's greatest example of sculpture, the Grand Canyon in northern Arizona is the most spectacular canyon in the world. It is a gorge cut through high plateaus by the Colorado River. It is noted for its fantastic shapes and colors. Within the walls of the canyon stand imposing peaks, canyons, and ravines. In general, the color of the canyon is red, but each stratum (a layer of the Earth) or group of strata has a distinctive hue-buff and gray, delicate green and pink, and, in its depths, brown, slate-gray, and violet.” --Encyclopedia Britannica

http://www.aegweb.org

What can we find out about this What can we find out about this topic?topic?

www.bized.co.uk

Information about Soft DrinksInformation about Soft Drinks

[A] [A] “Soft drink is a flavored, nonalcoholic beverage prepared with carbonated “Soft drink is a flavored, nonalcoholic beverage prepared with carbonated water.. . . On the average, people in the United States drink about 56 gallons water.. . . On the average, people in the United States drink about 56 gallons (201 liters) of soft drinks per person annually. . .(201 liters) of soft drinks per person annually. . .

Many soft drinks, especially colas, had their start in the late 1800s in the Many soft drinks, especially colas, had their start in the late 1800s in the

southern United States. Drugstore soda fountains originally sold many of the southern United States. Drugstore soda fountains originally sold many of the beverages as tonics. Individual druggists mixed their own special tonics as beverages as tonics. Individual druggists mixed their own special tonics as syrups. It later became popular to add soda water—that is, carbonated water—syrups. It later became popular to add soda water—that is, carbonated water—to these syrups before drinking them. Many restaurants still dispense soft to these syrups before drinking them. Many restaurants still dispense soft drinks in much the same way, using equipment that mixes the soft drink syrup drinks in much the same way, using equipment that mixes the soft drink syrup with carbonated water at the time the beverage is sold. Soon, the druggists with carbonated water at the time the beverage is sold. Soon, the druggists discovered that there was a market for soft drinks in bottles, and they began to discovered that there was a market for soft drinks in bottles, and they began to sell the beverages door-to-door and in grocery stores.” sell the beverages door-to-door and in grocery stores.”

----World Book EncyclopediaWorld Book Encyclopedia

www.theage.com.au

Secrets of ParaphrasingSecrets of Paraphrasing

One sourceOne source

Use your own wordsUse your own words

Use synonyms of key wordsUse synonyms of key words

Use different sentence structure and phrases than Use different sentence structure and phrases than the source usesthe source uses

Use paraphrasing to avoid quoting, same contentUse paraphrasing to avoid quoting, same content

Sweet Keywords…….Sweet Keywords…….

carbonated water carbonated water mixedmixed

called called tonicstonics

non-alcoholicnon-alcoholic syrupsyrup

average average soda watersoda water

annuallyannually marketmarket

1800s1800s

Ready, Set, Write!Ready, Set, Write!

Now write a few Now write a few sentences sentences paraphrasing the paraphrasing the information you have. information you have. If you paraphrase If you paraphrase correctly, it will sound correctly, it will sound like you—not like an like you—not like an encyclopedia. encyclopedia. UnderlineUnderline YOUR key YOUR key words.words.

wikimedia.org

Information About Soft DrinksInformation About Soft Drinks [A]“Soft drink is a flavored, [A]“Soft drink is a flavored, non-alcoholicnon-alcoholic beverage prepared with beverage prepared with carbonated carbonated

waterwater.. . . On the .. . . On the averageaverage, people in the United States drink about 56 gallons , people in the United States drink about 56 gallons (201 liters) of soft drinks per person (201 liters) of soft drinks per person annuallyannually. . .. . .

Many soft drinks, especially colas, had their start in the late Many soft drinks, especially colas, had their start in the late 1800s1800s in the in the

southern United States. Drugstore soda fountains originally sold many of the southern United States. Drugstore soda fountains originally sold many of the beverages as tonics. Individual druggists beverages as tonics. Individual druggists mixedmixed their own special their own special tonicstonics as as syrupssyrups. It later became popular to add . It later became popular to add soda watersoda water—that is, —that is, carbonated watecarbonated water—r—to these to these syrupssyrups before drinking them. Many restaurants still dispense soft before drinking them. Many restaurants still dispense soft drinks in much the same way, using equipment that mixes the soft drink syrup drinks in much the same way, using equipment that mixes the soft drink syrup with with carbonated watercarbonated water at the time the beverage is sold. Soon, the druggists at the time the beverage is sold. Soon, the druggists discovered that there was a market for soft drinks in bottles, and they began to discovered that there was a market for soft drinks in bottles, and they began to sell the beverages door-to-door and in grocery stores.” sell the beverages door-to-door and in grocery stores.”

----World Book EncyclopediaWorld Book Encyclopedia

www.instant-ramen.net

Who is he?Who is he?

Photo Credit: Bob HendersonHenderson Photography, Inc.

Quotes from Orson Scott CardQuotes from Orson Scott Card The future is a hundred thousand threads, but the The future is a hundred thousand threads, but the

past is a fabric that can never be rewoven.”past is a fabric that can never be rewoven.” ““Good people do not let others suffer needlessly.”Good people do not let others suffer needlessly.” ““The wise are not wise because they make no The wise are not wise because they make no

mistakes. They are wise because they correct mistakes. They are wise because they correct their mistakes as soon as they recognize them.”their mistakes as soon as they recognize them.”

““Know, think, choose, do.”Know, think, choose, do.” "Isn't that what it means to be civilized? That you "Isn't that what it means to be civilized? That you

can wait to get what you want?" can wait to get what you want?"

--Quotations by author Orson Scott Card--Quotations by author Orson Scott Card

luminousnerd.com

Why Quote?Why Quote?

Use a quote to let the author’s words Use a quote to let the author’s words support what you are saying.support what you are saying.

Use quotes that are powerful and well-Use quotes that are powerful and well-written to emphasize your point. written to emphasize your point.

**Remember you must put quotation marks **Remember you must put quotation marks around what you quote. around what you quote.

“……………… “………………..……..”..……..”

Ready, Set, Write!Ready, Set, Write!

Write a few Write a few autobiographical autobiographical sentences about sentences about yourself. Use a quote yourself. Use a quote by Orson Scott Card to by Orson Scott Card to emphasize a point in emphasize a point in your writing. your writing.

www.worldswithoutend.com

EmeryEmery

Quotes from Orson Scott CardQuotes from Orson Scott Card

The future is a hundred thousand threads, but the The future is a hundred thousand threads, but the past is a fabric that can never be rewoven.”past is a fabric that can never be rewoven.”

““Good people do not let others suffer needlessly.”Good people do not let others suffer needlessly.” ““The wise are not wise because they make no The wise are not wise because they make no

mistakes. They are wise because they correct mistakes. They are wise because they correct their mistakes as soon as they recognize them.”their mistakes as soon as they recognize them.”

““Know, think, choose, do.”Know, think, choose, do.” "Isn't that what it means to be civilized? That you "Isn't that what it means to be civilized? That you

can wait to get what you want?" can wait to get what you want?"

--Quotations by author Orson Scott Card--Quotations by author Orson Scott Card

www.hatrack.com

Your writing will be as Your writing will be as powerful as the powerful as the Grand Canyon, as Grand Canyon, as sweet as soft drinks, sweet as soft drinks, and as creative as and as creative as Orson Scott Card if Orson Scott Card if you learn to you learn to paraphraseparaphrase, , summarizesummarize, and , and quotequote correctly! correctly!

http://www.aegweb.org/

http://shahriar08.files.wordpress.com www.jacketflap.com

Some Other Tips to Help You Avoid Some Other Tips to Help You Avoid PlagiarismPlagiarism

Only work in groups if your teacher says it is Only work in groups if your teacher says it is all right.all right.

Recognize the work of others, if you work in Recognize the work of others, if you work in groups.groups.

More Tips….More Tips….

Refrain from copying and pasting from the Refrain from copying and pasting from the internet or any electronic resource.internet or any electronic resource.

Prevent others from copying your completed Prevent others from copying your completed assignments.assignments.

More Tips….More Tips….

Resubmit work you received credit for in Resubmit work you received credit for in another class only if it is approved by the another class only if it is approved by the teacher.teacher.

When you run out of time, ask for an When you run out of time, ask for an extension instead of resorting to “cutting and extension instead of resorting to “cutting and pasting.”pasting.”

More Tips….More Tips….

If you have a question about plagiarism, ask If you have a question about plagiarism, ask your teacher or a librarian.your teacher or a librarian.

Good luck with your research!Good luck with your research!

Works CitedWorks Cited

Demirjian, Karoun. “What is the price of plagiarism?” Demirjian, Karoun. “What is the price of plagiarism?” Christian Science Christian Science Monitor. Monitor. Accessed 9 May 2009. Accessed 9 May 2009.

http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0511/p14s01-lire.html Good Reads. “Orson Scott Card Quotes. Accessed 4 Apr 2011 Good Reads. “Orson Scott Card Quotes. Accessed 4 Apr 2011

<http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/589.Orson_Scott_Card><http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/589.Orson_Scott_Card> ““Grand Canyon.” Grand Canyon.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. SIRS Discoverer. SIRS Discoverer.

Accessed 25 May 2009.< http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com>Accessed 25 May 2009.< http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com> ““Grand Canyon.” Grand Canyon.” World Book Encyclopedia OnlineWorld Book Encyclopedia Online. Pioneer Online. . Pioneer Online.

Accessed 25 May 2009. <www.pioneer.uen.org>Accessed 25 May 2009. <www.pioneer.uen.org> Hatrack River: The Official Site of Orson Scott Card. “Quote Hatrack River: The Official Site of Orson Scott Card. “Quote

Database.” Accessed 4 Apr 2010. Database.” Accessed 4 Apr 2010. <http://www.hatrack.com/quotes/quotes.shtml><http://www.hatrack.com/quotes/quotes.shtml>

Works CitedWorks Cited

"Joebama; Lexington.(What does Joe Biden bring to the Barack Obama ticket?)."  The Economist (US). 388. 8595 (August 30, 2008): NA. Student Resource Center - Gold. Gale. WEBER HIGH SCHOOL. 4 Apr. 2011 < http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC- Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T004&prodId=SRC-1&docId=A184138724&source=gale&srcprod=SRCG&userGroupName=ogde62236&version=1.0 >.

Microsoft Office. “Images.” http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/images-clip-art-photos-sounds-animations-FX102588427.aspx

Mieczkowski, Yanek. "Biden, Joe." Mieczkowski, Yanek. "Biden, Joe." World World Book Student.Book Student. World Book, 2011. World Book, 2011. Web. 4 Web. 4 Apr. 2011. < www.pioneer.uen.org >Apr. 2011. < www.pioneer.uen.org >