avocadoFruit trees(evergreen)

D.faisal shraimTaqwa saleh

• Larg berry fruit tree.• The tree is evergreen, altoughsome varieties lose their leaves For a short time.•It’s a tropical & subtropical ,it does not tolerate freezing temperatures..

•The more than 200 cultivars of cultivated avocado are classified

into three distinct races:

West Indian, Guatemalan,

and Mexican.

introduction

Avocado fruits (Persea americana): A. West Indian cultivar, B. Guatemalan cultivar ('Hass'), and C. Mexican x

Guatemalan cultivar ('Fuerte').

Body of tree:

Root:fibrous root

Shoot can grows to

20meter

shoot

• alternately arranged leaves 12 -25 cm (4.7–9.8 in) long.•Variable in shape.•They are often hairy and reddish when young, then become smooth, leathery and dark green when mature.

Leaves

•The flowers are perfect(complet), greenish yellow, 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide.

Flowers

Pollination

•The species is only partially able to self-pollinate because of dichogamy in its flowering.•So Cross-pollination usually increases fruit set

Avocado cultivars

Table 1. Avocado varieties and flowering types.

"A" Varieties "B" Varieties

Hass Bacon

Gwen Ettinger

Lamb Hass Fuerte

Pinkerton Sharwil

Reed Sir Prize

GEM Walter Hole

Harvest Zutano

. Marvel

. Nobel

pollenation

Growth stage of development

•The pear-shaped fruit is 7–20 cm (2.8–7.9 in) long, weighs between 100 and 1,000 g.• and has a large central seed, 5–6.4 cm (2.0–2.5 in) long.

Fruit

Nutrition value

seed

Propagation•Avocados can be propagated by seed, taking roughly four to six years to bear fruit, although in some cases seedlings can take 10 years to come into bearing.

grafting

budding

rootstocks•Prime quality varieties are therefore propagated by grafting to rootstocks that are propagated by seed or by layering .•After about a year of growing in a greenhouse, the young rootstocks are ready to be grafted.

soilDo not tolerant

flooding or poorly draind and well

aerated soil

Harvest and postharvest

Like the banana, the avocado is a climacteric fruit ,

which matures on the tree, but ripens off the tree

 it picked hard and green and kept in coolers at 3.3 to 5.6 °C

until they reach their final destination

disorder in avocado

Abrasion Damage

Anthracnose

Dothiorella Stem End RotLasiodioplodia Stem End Rot

Any qustion??