Avista Technologies has been created to meet the ...avistatech.co.uk/html/docs/Catalogue2005/litcatcdold.pdfPDS03 - Vitec 3000 Revision 4 - 09/2004 Vitec 3000 is a blended formulation,

Catalogue Index

1 AntiscalantsVitec antiscalant selection chart and product datasheets

2 Cleaners

RoClean cleaner selection chart and product datasheets

3 BiocidesRoCide biocide selection chart and product datasheets

4 CoagulantsRoQuest coagulant selection chart and product datasheets

5 Ancillary ProductsCorrosion inhibitor, chlorine scavenger and ReSize product datasheets

6 ServicesDetails on services provided including: Autopsies; OSCAR cleaning; training;design guidance and operational support

7 Supply FormatsProduct packaging details

8 Quality ManufacturingISO 9000:2000

9 Case StudiesFeaturing recent product application histories

10 Technical SupportChemical dosing adviceAntiscalant, cleaner, coagulant and biocide dosing optimisationPlant Operational support informationBackground information

PSG01 – AntiscalantsRevision 4 – 09/2004

Avista Antiscalants

Avista Technologies provides a range of antiscalants suitable for treating well, surface,municipal and recycled waters. The Avista Advisor antiscalant projection programme isprovided to assist customers in selecting the most appropriate antiscalant for the applicationand to determine the minimum dose rate. (See overleaf for more details.)

Antiscalant/Dispersants

Vitec 2000 is a proprietary liquid antiscalant designed to inhibit scale and disperse colloidalparticles in membrane separation systems. This is particularly useful if there is know to becolloidal iron or manganese in the feedwater.

Vitec 3000 is a proprietary liquid antiscalant/dispersant designed to inhibit scale and dispersecolloidal particles in membrane separation systems. The quality of this formulation is itscompatibility with organic coagulants, which may be present indirectly in municipal feedwaters or directly as a result of coagulation or flocculation treatments upstream of the reverseosmosis (RO) systems. The formulation has good all round inhibition capabilities at lowapplied doses.

Vitec 7000 is a proprietary liquid antiscalant/dispersant designed to inhibit scale and dispersecolloidal particles in membrane separation systems with very high levels of calcium sulphate.This formulation is also compatible with organic coagulants.

Antiscalants/Dispersants and Silica Inhibitor

Vitec 4000 is a proprietary liquid antiscalant designed to inhibit silica and other scales anddisperse colloidal particles in membrane separation systems. This formulation is unique in thatit inhibits silica scaling at higher concentrations than typical antiscalants. This feature allowsfor increased RO system recoveries in feedwaters containing high level of silica. It retains itsperformance even in RO concentrate streams containing up to 4 ppm of ferrous iron.

Guide to Selection of Antiscalant/Dispersants:Effective against:

Scale Inhibitor IronDispersant

Colloidaland Silt

Dispersant

SilicaInhibitor

CoagulantCompatible

Product Name CaCO3 CaSO4 SrSO4 BaSO4Vitec 2000Vitec 3000Vitec 4000Vitec 7000

Antiscalant Selection

GEN 10 – AdvisorRevision 2 – 09/2002

The Avista Advisor allows plant designers and operators the facility tocalculate the requirement for antiscalant for their system. Using theraw water analysis, and inputting various details about the plant, thesoftware will calculate the scaling tendency of the concentrate. Thelevels of each scaling species are then considered and the required levelof antiscalant is calculated to prevent precipitation. This is thenconverted to a feed dose rate.

The Advisor is available to customers inCD or web download format. Pleasecontact Avista for your copy.

System Requirements

IBM or 100% compatible 486DX orgreater PC, running Windows 95 or later.32MB Ram recommended, 10MB diskspace required.

Features

The Avista Advisor has a number of featureswhich ensures ease of use:

Input the raw water analysis as mg/l ion, mg/lCaCO3 or as milliequivalents

Water analysis is checked for ionic balance

Simple menu choices for membrane type and acidor caustic dosing.

"Maximise" function to quickly find the highestrecovery achievable.

Detailed report can be printed or produced as aacrobat PDF file for email.

Designed to use minimal system resources, forstable PC operation.

Avista Technologies (UK) LtdWaterside HousePO Box 28612Edinburgh, EH14 5ZLUnited Kingdom

Tel +44 (0) 131 449 6677Fax +44 (0) 131 449 5599Email [email protected] www.avistatech.co.uk

Avista A

dvisor

PDS02 – Vitec 2000Revision 3 – 09/2004

Vitec 2000 is a blended formulation, which is a highly effectivethreshold scale inhibitor. Low application rates of Vitec 2000 arerequired to keep large amounts of scalants in solution. Vitec 2000 isprimarily used to control scale precipitates and reduce inorganic andcolloidal fouling in spiral and hollow fine fibre membranes.

Dosing

Establishing the most efficient dose rate isdependent on a number of factors,including feedwater quality, systemoperating recovery and membranechemistry. Typical application rates rangebetween 2-5 ppm. For accurate dosingrecommendation contact your Avistarepresentative, or use the Avista Advisor.

For maximum effectiveness, Vitec 2000should be added prior to the cartridge filterhousing.

Dilution

The maximum dilution for Vitec 2000should not exceed 10%. If further dilutionis required then contact your Avistarepresentative for advice.

Packaging

Vitec 2000 is available in 23kg pails,230kg Drums and 1100kg intermediatebulk containers. Other packaging isavailable on request.

Performance

Vitec 2000 antiscalant offers a variety ofperformance and application benefits:

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)CCPP>600LSI > 2.5

Barium Sulphate (BaSO4)105 times Saturation

Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)3.5 times Saturation

Strontium Sulphate (SrSO4)20 times Saturation

Calcium Fluoride (CaF)1000 times Saturation

Highly effective Antiscalant across a widequality of feedwater

Compatible with all membrane types Effective over a wide pH range Crystal modification distorts inorganic salt

crystal growth and reduces system fouling Chelation/complexing of metallic oxides

reduces fouling potential• Achieving threshold scale inhibition at low

dose rates offers excellent economical runningcosts



Vitec 2000

Properties

Appearance Clear toLight AmberLiquid

pH ( 10% solution) 4.5 to 5.5Specific Gravity @ 25OC 1.1 to 1.15

PR

Vitec 3000 is a blended formulation, which is a highly effectivethreshold scale inhibitor. Low application rates of Vitec 3000 arerequired to keep large amounts of scalants in solution. Vitec 3000 isprimarily used to control scale precipitates and reduce Inorganic andcolloidal fouling in spiral and hollow fine fibre membranes.

Dosing



Dilution


Packaging

Vitec 3000 is available in 23kg pails,230kg drums and 1100kg intermediatebulk containers. Other packaging isavailable on request.

Vitec 3000

PropertiesAppearance Clear to

pale amberLiquid

pH (10% dilution) 2.0 – 3.0Specific Gravity@ 20OC 1.1 – 1.2

Performance


Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)CCPP>900LSI > 2.5








reduces fouling potential Compatible with polyelectrolites

• Achieving threshold scale inhibition at lowdose rates offers excellent economical runningcosts

• Approved for use in potable water systems



DS03 - Vitec 3000evision 4 - 09/2004

PR

Vitec 4000 is a blended formulation, which is a highly effectivethreshold scale inhibitor. Low application rates of Vitec 4000 arerequired to keep large amounts of scalants in solution. Vitec 4000 isunique in that it inhibits silica scaling at higher concentrations thantypical antiscalants. This feature may allow increased RO systemrecoveries in feedwater containing high levels of silica.

Dosing



Dilution


Packaging


Vitec 4000

Properties

Appearance Light AmberLiquid

pH (10% dilution) 4.5 - 5.5

Specific Gravity @ 25OC 1.1 – 1.15

Performance


Protects membranes from silica scale when usedin accordance with the published limitations of250 ppm of SiO2 in the RO concentrate.

Powerful inhibitor against RO membrane scalingcaused by the following :

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)CCPP > 900LSI > 2.5





Dispersant qualities reduce colloid and siltfouling of membrane surfaces.

Compatible with all membrane types. Effective over a wide pH range. Approved for use in potable water systems



DS04 – Vitec 4000evision 4 – 09/2004

PDS28 - Vitec 7000Revision 2 - 09/2004

Vitec 7000 is a blended formulation, which is a highly effectivethreshold scale inhibitor. It has outstanding properties for keepingcalcium sulphate in solution at low application rates. Vitec 7000 isprimarily used to control scale precipitates and reduce inorganic andcolloidal fouling in spiral and hollow fine fiber membranes.

Dosing

Establishing the most efficient dose rate isdependent on a number of factors,including feedwater quality, systemoperating recovery and membranechemistry. Typical application rates rangebetween 2-5 ppm.


Dilution


Packaging


Vitec 5000

Performance


Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)CCPP > 900LSI > 2.8


Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)6 times Saturation


Calcium Flouride (CaF)1000 times Saturation




reduces fouling potential Compatible with polyelectrolites

• Achieving threshold scale inhibition at lowdose rates offers excellent economical runningcosts


Tel +44 (0) 131 449 6677Fax +44 (0) 131 449 5599email [email protected] www.avistatech.co.uk

Vitec 7000

Properties

Appearance Clear Liquid

pH: 4.5 - 5.5(10% dilution in DI water)Specific Gravity @ 20OC: 1.15 – 1.25

PSG03 – Cleaner SelectionRevision 5 – 09/2004

Liquid and Powder Cleaning Formulations

Avista Technologies provide a wide range of specially formulated cleaners to tackle allcommon membrane foulants. These foulants include metals, inorganic scales, silt, organics andbiological material. The table below summarises the application of each product and a moredetailed description is given overleaf.

All products are applied as dilute solutions made up with permeate or good quality potablewater. All products are readily mixed / dissolved for use. The solutions are optimally appliedheated to the maximum temperature and re-circulation rate specified by the membrane type.

For use on :Cellulose Acetate Membranes

Cleaner Selection :For use on :Polyamide Membranes

Metals Scale Silt Organics

Product Name Iron, Manganeseand Aluminium.

CalciumCarbonate

SulphateScales

NonBiological

Biological

RoClean L211RoClean L212RoClean L403RoClean L404RoClean L607RoClean L811RoClean P111RoClean P112RoClean P303RoClean P703RoClean P911

= Effective= Optimum

Avista Technologies technical staff are always available to advise on product choice for eachapplication. Cleaning trials can also be carried out in our off-site ‘OSCAR’ facilities or on ourcell test equipment to demonstrate effectiveness prior to application on site. This can behelpful in determining whether a broad-spectrum cleaner or targeted cleaner is most effective inremoving the foulant on the membrane.

Cleaner Selection

Cleaner Selection

Liquid Cleaners

RoClean L211 is a high pH, low foamingcleaner formulated to remove silt and organicfoulants such as colloidal silica, clays,organic colour, and bacterial slime fromspiral wound thinfilm membranes.(RoClean L211e is an EDTA free alternativeto this formulation.)

RoClean L212 is a high pH liquid cleanerdesigned particularly for silt or colloidalfouling which can occur when operating onsurface waters.

RoClean L403 is a low pH cleaner designedto remove metal hydroxides, calciumcarbonate & iron, especially effective whencompared to generic formulations. Contains aspecialised blend of buffers, low foamingsurfactants, chelants and other components todissolve metal deposits.

RoClean L404 is a low pH EDTA freecleaner designed to remove metal foulantssuch as iron, manganese, and aluminium aswell as calcium carbonate scale depositsfrom spiral wound thinfilm and celluloseacetate membranes.

RoClean L607 is a neutral pH cleanerdesigned to remove silt and organic foulantssuch as, clays, organic colour and bacterialslime from spiral wound cellulose acetatemembranes.

RoClean L811 is a high pH liquid cleanerdesigned to remove calcium, barium andstrontium sulphate scales from spiral woundthinfilm membranes.

PSG 03 - Cleaner SelectionRevision 5 - 09/2004

As part of an ongoing research and development programme,consult Avista Technologies technical support staff for inform

Powder Cleaners

Roclean P111 is a high pH cleaner designedto remove silt and organic foulants such ascolloidal silica, clays, organic colour and isespecially suited to removal of bacterialslime from spiral wound thinfilmmembranes. (RoClean P111e is an EDTAfree version of the above product.)

RoClean P112 is an EDTA free aggressivepowdered cleaner designed to remove siltand organic foulants such as colloidal silica,clays, organic colour and bacterial slimefrom thin film composite membranes. Thisproduct is particularly suited to heavilyfouled elements.

RoClean P303 is a low pH formulationdesigned to remove metal foulants such asiron, manganese, and aluminium and toremove calcium carbonate scale depositsfrom spiral wound thinfilm and celluloseacetate membranes. (RoClean P303e is anEDTA free version of the above product.)

RoClean P703 is a powdered cleanerdesigned to remove metal foulants such asiron, manganese, and aluminium depositsfrom thin film composite and celluloseacetate membranes.

RoClean P911 is an EDTA free and lowphosphate powdered cleaner designed toremove silt and organic foulants such ascolloidal silica, organic colour and bacterialslime from spiral thinfilm elements. Thisproduct is particularly efficient at removingcolloids.

new cleaners are regularly being developed. Pleaseation on new products suitable for your applications.

PR

RoClean L211 is a low foaming liquid designed to remove silt andorganic foulants such as colloidal silica, clays, organic colour andbacterial slime from thin film composite membranes. RoClean L211 isbuffered to prevent the pH limits of a membrane being exceeded in theevent of misapplication. RoClean L211 should not be used on celluloseacetate membranes, as irreversible damage can occur.

Instructions for Use

For moderate to severe fouling, RoCleanL211 should be applied at a nominalstrength of 2%w/v. For milder fouling, orwhere frequent cleaning is employed,satisfactory results may be achieved at 1%w/v.

The cleaning solution should berecirculated at the flow rate recommendedby the membrane manufacturer, takingcare not to exceed the guidelines forpressure. Avista Technologiesrecommend the following flowrates forcleaning spiral wound elements:-

Element Diameter Flowrate4" (100mm) 40 lpm8" (200mm) 150 lpm

Temperature

Where possible, apply the cleaningsolution at the maximum temperaturerecommended by the membranemanufacturer.

Packaging

RoClean L211 is available in 20kg pails or200kg drums. Other packaging is availableon request.

RoC

lean L211

Properties

Appearance Amber liquid

pH (2% Solution) 10.5 – 11.5

Specific Gravity 1.1 ± 0.05

Performance

RoClean L211 offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Compatible with the major membranesuppliers.

• Superior results in the removal of organic andcolloidal foulants, especially when comparedto generic formulations.

• Contains a specialised blend of buffers andother components to dissolve organic foulants,and disperse colloidal particles.

• Highly buffered to resist pH changes duringthe cleaning process.

• Can be used in conjunction with otherapplicable cleaners as shown in the Avistacleaner selection guide.


Tel +44 (0)131 449 6677Fax +44 (0)131 449 5599Email [email protected] www.avistatech.co.uk

DS09 – RoClean L211evision 3 – 09/2004

PDS 42 - RoClean L212Revision 1 - 09/2004

RoClean L212 is a high pH liquid cleaner designed to remove silt andorganic foulants such as colloidal silica, clays, organic colour andbacterial slime from spiral wound thinfilm membranes. It is especiallyeffective in removing solids trapped in element feed spacers. RoCleanL212 is buffered to prevent the pH limits of a membrane beingexceeded in the event of misapplication.





Temperature

Where possible, apply the cleaningsolution at the maximum temperaturerecommended by the membranemanufacturer

Packaging

RoClean L212 is available in 20kg pailsand 200kg drums. Other packaging isavailable on request.

Performance


• Compatible with the major membranesuppliers membranes.

• Superior results compared to genericformulations.

• Contains a proprietary blend of buffers,surfactants and chelants to dissolve organicfoulants and disperse colloidal particles.





Properties

Appearance Colourless toamber liquid

pH at 2% solution 11.8-12.2


RoC

lean L212

PDS10 – RoClean L403Revision 3 – 09/2004

RoClean L403 is a low pH liquid cleaner designed to remove metalfoulants such as iron, manganese, and aluminum as well as calciumcarbonate scale deposits from thin film composite membranes.RoClean L403 is buffered to prevent the pH limits of a membranebeing exceeded in the event of misapplication.





Temperature


Packaging


Performance



• Superior results in the removal of metalfoulants such as iron manganese & aluminum,especially when compared to genericformulations.

• Contains a specialised blend of buffers, lowfoaming surfactants, chelants and othercomponents to dissolve metal deposits.





RoC

lean L403

Properties

Appearance Pale amberliquid

pH at 2% solution 2.5 – 3.5


PDS 13 - RoClean L404Revision 3 - 09/2004

RoClean L404 is a low pH liquid formulation designed specifically toremove metal hydroxides, calcium carbonate and other similar scalesfrom RO and UF membranes. This highly effective product providessuperior cleaning resulting in longer system running time.


For moderate to severe fouling, RoCleanL404 should be applied at a nominalstrength of 2%w/v. For milder fouling, orwhere frequent cleaning is employed,satisfactory results may be achieved at1%w/v.

The cleaning solution should berecirculated at the flow rate recommendedby the membrane manufacturer, takingcare not to exceed the guidelines forpressure. Avista Technologies recommendthe following flowrates for cleaning spiralwound elements:-


Temperature


Packaging


Performance



• Superior results in the removal of metalhydroxides, calcium carbonate & iron,especially when compared to genericformulations.

• Contains a specialised blend of buffers, lowfoaming surfactants, chelants and othercomponents to dissolve metal deposits.



• Environmentally safe: Phosphate & EDTAfree.



RoC

lean L404

Properties

Appearance Pale amberliquid



PR

RoClean L607 is a neutral pH liquid cleaner designed to remove siltand organic foulants such as colloids, clay, bacterial slime and humicacids from spiral wound cellulose acetate membranes.





Temperature


Packaging


RoC

lean L607

Properties

Appearance ClearColourlessliquid


Performance





• Highly buffered to resist pH changes duringthe cleaning process




DS11 – RoClean L607evision 2 – 09/2004


PR

RoClean L811 is a high pH liquid cleaner designed to remove calcium,barium and strontium sulphate scales from spiral wound thinfilmmembranes. RoClean L811 is buffered to prevent the pH limits of amembrane being exceeded in the event of misapplication.





Temperature


Packaging


Properties

Appearance Colourless toamber liquid

pH at 2% solution 10.0-11.0

RoC

lean L811

Performance



• Superior results compared to genericformulations.

• Contains a specialised blend of buffers, lowfoaming surfactants and chelants to speed thedissolution of sulphate scales.





DS 37 - RoClean L811evision 2 - 09/2004


PR

RoClean P111 is a powdered cleaner designed to remove silt andorganic foulants such as colloidal silica, clays, organic colour andbacterial slime from thin film composite membranes. RoClean P111 isbuffered to prevent the pH limits of a membrane being exceeded in theevent of misapplication. RoClean P111 should not be used on celluloseacetate membranes, as irreversible damage can occur.


For moderate to severe fouling, RoCleanP111 should be applied at a nominalstrength of 2%w/v. For milder fouling, orwhere frequent cleaning is employed,satisfactory results may be achieved at 1%w/v.



Temperature


Packaging

RoClean P111 is available in 20kg pails.Other packaging is available on request.

RoC

lean P111

Performance

RoClean P111 offers a variety of performancebenefits:








DS15 – RoClean P111evision 3 – 09/2004

Properties

Appearance GranularWhitePowder

pH at 2% solution 10.0 – 11.0Density 1.05 ± 0.05

kg/ litre

PDS 34 - RoClean P112Revision 2 - 09/2004

RoClean P112 is a powdered cleaner designed to remove silt andorganic foulants such as colloidal silica, clays, organic colour andbacterial slime from thin film composite membranes. RoClean P112 isbuffered to prevent the pH limits of a membrane being exceeded in theevent of misapplication. RoClean P112 should not be used on celluloseacetate membranes, as irreversible damage can occur.


For severe fouling, RoClean P112 shouldbe applied at a nominal strength of 2%w/v.

For milder fouling select P111 or L211.



Temperature


Packaging


Performance




• Used when high pH cleaning required forheavy fouling.

• Contains a specialised blend of buffers andother components to dissolve organic foulants,and disperse colloidal particles





Properties

Appearance Pale CreamPowder

pH at 2% solution 12.0 – 12.5Density 1.2± 0.05 kg/

litre

RoC

lean P112

PR

RoClean P303 is a powdered cleaner designed to remove metalfoulants such as iron, manganese, and aluminium and to removecalcium carbonate scale deposits from thin film composite membranes.RoClean P303 is buffered to prevent the pH limits of a membranebeing exceeded in the event of misapplication. RoClean P303 can beused on cellulose acetate membranes.





Temperature


Packaging


RoC

lean P303

Properties

Appearance Fine whitePowder

pH at 2% solution 2.5 – 3.5Density 1.05 ±

Performance



• Superior results in the removal of metals andcalcium carbonate scale, especially whencompared to generic formulations.

• Contains a specialised blend of proprietaryblend of buffers, chelants, surfactants, anddispersants.






0.05kg/ litre

PR

RoClean P703 is a powdered cleaner designed to remove metalfoulants such as iron, manganese, and aluminium deposits from thinfilm composite and cellulose acetate membranes. RoClean P703 isbuffered to prevent the pH limits of a membrane being exceeded in theevent of misapplication.





Temperature


Packaging


RoC

lean P703

Performance



• Superior results in the removal of metals,especially when compared to generic citricand hydrochloric acid formulations.

• Contains a specialised blend of proprietaryblend of buffers, chelants, surfactants, anddispersants.





SG 36 – RoClean P703evision 3 – 09/2004

Properties


pH at 2% solution 2.5 – 3.5Bulk Density 0.95 ± 0.05

kg/ litre

PR

RoClean P911 is a powdered cleaner designed to remove silt andorganic foulants such as colloidal silica, clays, organic colour andbacterial slime from thin film composite membranes. RoClean P911 isbuffered to prevent the pH limits of a membrane being exceeded in theevent of misapplication.





Temperature


Packaging


RoC

lean P911

Performance









Properties


pH at 5% solution 11.5 – 12.5(Bulk) Density 1.0 ± 0.05

kg/ litre

PSG 01 - CoagulantsRevision 4 – 09/2004

Coagulant

RoQuest 3000 contains a blend of organic polymers for use in membranesystems pretreatment applications. This product was designed to be used in directfiltration applications to further polish municipally treated feed and raw watersthat have relatively low concentrations of particulates and organic colours.Upper raw water limits of turbidity and colour for this product are 2.0 NTU and10 units, respectively.

Coagulant and Flocculants

RoQuest 4000 and 5000, These formulations contain a blend of organiccoagulants and ferric sulphate. They are designed to be used in direct filtrationapplications for raw waters that contain up to 10 NTU turbidity and colour unitsof greater than 10 or for feeds that have been mistreated chemically (e.g. theunder or overfeeding of organic polymers).

RoQuest 4000 differs from 5000 in that it has a higher polymer to ferric sulphateratio. Conduct plant trials or pilot studies to determine which of these twoproducts works best for a specific feedwater. Please consult Avista customerservice personnel for pilot study procedures and pilot equipment information.

RoQuest 6000 contains an effective blend of organic coagulants and ferricsulphate. This product was designed for use as a coagulant and flocculation aid inflocculator-clarifiers. RoQuest 6000 is ideally suited for removing colloids, silt,and many of the organic molecules that foul membranes.

For use in flocculators/clarifiers Selection of Coagulants & FlocculantsFor use in direct filtrationapplications

Limits

2 NTU 10NTU

Product Name

RoQuest 3000RoQuest 4000RoQuest 5000RoQuest 6000

Coagulant Selection

PR

RoQuest 3000 contains a blend of organic polymers for use inmembrane systems pretreatment applications. This product is designedto be used in direct filtration applications to further polish municipallytreated water and raw waters that have relatively low concentrations ofparticulates and organic colour. Upper raw water limits of turbidity andcolour for this product are 2.0 NTU and 10 units respectively.


If possible, inject RoQuest 3000 at least 5meters upstream of the multi media filters.This distance allows proper mixing withinthe feed stream before introduction intothe filter. Do not use static mixers aheadof the filters as the shear imparted by thisequipment will degrade the polymerscontained in this formulation. Diluting thecoagulant 25:1 with water may also resultin improved coagulation performance.

Dosing Guidelines

The typical dosage ranges are between 1to 8 ppm. For a specific dosingcalculation, refer to the Avista DosingGuideline. Over dosing of RoQuest 3000may cause degradation in the quality ofthe filtered water. If there are anyquestions, please contact AvistaTechnologies for specific dosinginstructions.

Packaging

RoQuest 3000 is available in 23kg pails,220kg drums and 1100kg intermediatebulk containers. Other packaging isavailable on request.

RoQ

uest 3000

Properties

Appearance Amber liquidSpecific Gravity 1.0 to 1.1pH (at 10% solution) 5.0 to 7.0

Viscosity 180 cP at 25oC

Performance

RoQuest 3000 offers a variety of performance andapplication benefits: • Capable of producing RO quality feedwater

in direct filtration applications (i.e.multimedia and sand filters).

• Compatible with thinfilm and cellulose acetateRO membranes.

• Filter-aid properties resist solidsbreakthrough.

• Low dosage requirements.

• Compatible with Avista scale inhibitors Vitec3000, 5000 and 7000.

• Effective over a wide pH range.

• No minimum alkalinity requirements.



DS05 – RoQuest 3000evision 3 – 09/2004

PDS 06- RoQuest 4000Revision 3 - 09/2004

RoQuest 4000 contains a blend of organic coagulants and ferricsulphate. This product was designed to be used in direct filtrationapplications for raw waters contain up to 10 NTU turbidity and colourunits of greater than 10 or for feeds that have been mistreatedchemically (e.g. the under or overfeeding of organic polymers).


If possible, inject RoQuest 4000 at least 5metres upstream of the multi media filters.This distance allows proper mixing withinthe feedstream before introduction into thefilter. Do not use static mixers ahead ofthe filters, as the shear imparted by thisequipment will degrade the polymerscontained in this formulation.

Prior to injection into the feedstream, theRoQuest 4000 should be diluted at a rateof 4:1 using dechlorinated water.

Dosing Guidelines

The typical dosage ranges are between 1to 25 ppm. Approximately 0.25 ppm ofalkalinity expressed as calcium carbonateis required per ppm of RoQuest 4000.Following coagulant addition a minimumof 25 ppm of residual alkalinity isrequired. Over dosing of RoQuest 4000may cause degradation in the quality ofthe filtered water.

Packaging

RoQuest 4000 is available in 23kg pails,230kg drums. Other packaging is availableon request.

Performance

RoQuest 4000 provides unique performance andapplication benefits:

• Contains more than 8% soluble ferric ironand less than 0.2% ferrous iron.

• Capable of producing RO quality feedwaterin direct filtration applications (i.e.multimedia and sand filters).

• Compatible with thin film and celluloseacetate RO membranes.



• Compatible with Avista’s Vitec 3000, 5000and 7000 scale inhibitors.




RoQ

uest 4000

Properties

Appearance Brown liquidSpecific Gravity 1.40 to 1.60pH(10% solution) 2.0 to 3.0Viscosity 250 cP at 25oC

PR



If possible, inject RoQuest 5000 at least 5metres upstream of the multi media filters.This distance allows proper mixing withinthe feed stream before introduction intothe filter. Do not use static mixers aheadof the filters, as the shear imparted by thisequipment will degrade the polymerscontained in this formulation.

Prior to injection into the feed stream, theRoQuest 5000 should be diluted at a rateof 4:1 using dechlorinated water.

Dosing Guidelines


Packaging


RoQ

uest 5000

Properties

Appearance Dark brownliquid

Specific Gravity 1.40 to 1.60pH (2% solution) 2.0 – 3.0

o

Performance


• Contains more than 9% soluble ferric ion andless than 0.2% ferrous ion.


• Compatible with thin film and celluloseacetate RO membranes.



• Compatible with Avista’s Vitec 3000, 5000and 7000 scale inhibitor.




DS07 – RoQuest 5000evision 3 – 09/2004

Viscosity 250 cP at 25 C

PDS08 – RoQuest 6000Revision 3 – 09/2004



If possible, inject RoQuest 6000 at least 5metres upstream of the multi media filters.This distance allows proper mixing withinthe feedstream before introduction into thefilter. Do not use static mixers ahead ofthe filters, as the shear imparted by thisequipment will degrade the polymerscontained in this formulation. Prior toinjection into the feedstream, the RoQuest6000 should be diluted at a rate of 4:1using dechlorinated water.

Dosing Guidelines


Packaging


Performance


• Contains more than 9% soluble ferric ion andless than 0.2% ferrous ion.


• Compatible with thinfilm and cellulose acetateRO membranes.



• Compatible with Avista’s Vitec 3000, 5000and 7000 scale inhibitor.




RoQ

uest 6000

Properties

Appearance Dark brownliquid

Specific Gravity 1.40 to 1.60pH (2% solution) 2.0 – 3.0Viscosity 250 cp at 25oC

PSG 4 - Biocide SelectionRevision 4 - 09/2004

Biocides

Microorganisms can contaminate the feed side of a membrane system, causingrapid increase in differential pressure and loss of system performance. Avistabiocides are available to control these organisms whether it be throughcontinuous dosing, intermittent dosing or periodically via a CIP system. AvistaTechnologies will provide assistance in selecting and optimising the mostappropriate dosing regime for your system.

RoCide DB5 is a liquid biocide that can be used to prevent biologicalcontamination on line or as part of a clean in place system. It offers broad-spectrum control of microorganisms. RoCide DB5 is completely miscible withwater, and is easily dispersed into the feed water to effectively sanitise themembrane system.

RoCide DB20 has the same active ingredient as RoCide DB5, but at a higherconcentration. It is therefore ideal for larger systems, where the dose rate of thebiocide can be reduced offering benefits in chemical handling, shipping andstorage.

RoCide IS2 is a liquid biostat, which is dosed continuously or semi continuouslyon systems where there are high levels of biological activity, and there is a needfor continuous protection against biological fouling.

RoCide SC is a biocide, which can be used for sanitising membrane systemsprior to applying a high pH cleaning chemical. It can also be used to preventbiological growth in a system which has been shut down.

RoCide LC is a 20% solution of RoCide SC. This is useful on systems that arenot able to handle powdered chemicals effectively.

Effective Against CIP ContinuousDosing

ShockDosing

MembraneCompatible

Product Name Bacteria Fungi Algae

RoCide DB5RoCide DB20RoCide IS2RoCide SCRoCide LC

Biocide Selection

PDS 19 - Rocide DB5Revision 4 - 09/2004

RoCide DB5 is a non-oxidising biocide, produced specifically for thesanitising of membrane systems. The formulation has almostinstantaneous antimicrobial activity combined with rapid chemicalbreakdown, resulting in one of the most cost-effective methods ofcontamination elimination. RoCide DB5 has outstandingenvironmental properties as it degrades rapidly and naturally.


There are two options for applying RoCideDB5; either on line, or in a clean in placesystem.

On line

Application on line should be made with a200ppm hours treatment. Therecommended application time is 60minutes, therefore the recommended doserate is 200ppm. Should a shorterapplication time be required, reasonableresults can be achieved by applying400ppm for 30 minutes.

Clean in Place

Prepare a solution of 400ppm of RoCideDB5 and recirculate for a total of 60minutes. After each 10 minute period,replenish the solution with 25% of thechemical originally used.

Packaging

RoCide DB5 is available in 20kg pails and200kg drums. Other packaging is availableon request.

Performance

RoCide DB5 offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Instantaneous antimicrobial activity as a nonoxidising biocide.

• Compatible with thin film composite andcellulose acetate membranes.

• Kills bacteria, fungi and algae.

• Degrades rapidly and naturally to complywith strict environmental dischargeregulations.

• Can be used in conjunction with otherapplicable cleaners to enhance removal ofbiological fouling in a system.



RoC

ide DB

5

Properties

Appearance Amber liquidSpecific Gravity 1.12 to 1.18pH 4 ± 0.5Freeze Point -8oC (18oF)

PDS 20 - Rocide DB20Revision 4 - 09/2004

RoCide DB20 is a non-oxidising biocide, produced specifically for thesanitising of membrane systems. The formulation has almostinstantaneous antimicrobial activity combined with rapid chemicalbreakdown, resulting in one of the most cost-effective methods ofcontamination elimination. RoCide DB20 has outstandingenvironmental properties as it degrades rapidly and naturally.


There are two options for applying RoCideDB20; either on line, or in a clean in placesystem.

On line

Application on line should be made with a50ppm hours treatment. Therecommended application time is 60minutes, therefore the recommended doserate is 50ppm. Should a shorterapplication time be required, reasonableresults can be achieved by applying100ppm for 30 minutes.

Clean in Place

Prepare a solution of 100ppm of RoCideDB20 and recirculate for a total of 30minutes. After each 10 minute period,replenish the solution with 25% of thechemical originally used.

Packaging

RoCide DB20 is available in 20kg pailsand 200kg drums. Other packaging isavailable on request.

Performance

RoCide DB20 offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Instantaneous antimicrobial activity as a nonoxidising biocide.




• Can be used in conjunction with otherapplicable cleaners to enhance the removal ofbiological fouling in a CIP.



RoC

ide DB

20

Properties

Appearance Amber liquidSpecific Gravity 1.2 to 1.3pH 2 - 5Freeze Point -8oC (18oF)

PDS 21 - Rocide IS2Revision 4 - 09/2004

RoCide IS2 is an EPA registered, non-oxidising biocide used tosanitize reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) systems andmembranes. RoCide IS2 may be fed continuously or intermittently tothe feed water of these systems, depending on the specific needs foreach system. A treatment program that includes RoCide IS2 with otherAvista Technologies cleaning formulations will result in more effectivemembrane cleaning and decreased cleaning frequencies.


RoCide IS2 is applied on line on acontinuous basis. Typical dose rates are 3-6ppm, although a higher dose rate is oftennecessary to prevent growth in a nonsterile system.

RoCide IS2 dosage can optimised byconducting a programme ofmicrobiological sampling at the plant site.For guidance in carrying out these tests,please contact Avista Technologies.

Packaging

RoCide IS2 is available in 25kg pails and200kg drums. Other packaging is availableon request.

Performance

RoCide IS2 offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Highly effective in reducing bacterial growthand slime build up on a variety of membranes.




• Effective at low concentrations.

• Broad spectrum of microbiological activity.



RoC

ide IS2

Properties

Appearance Pale blue/green liquid

Specific Gravity 1.0 to 1.05pH (as supplied) 1.5 – 3.0Freeze Point -8oC (18oF)

RoCide SC is a non-oxidising biocide, produced specifically for thesanitising of membrane systems. It can be used to either periodicallysanitsise membrane plants, or for long term preservation of membraneseither in situ or packaged. The product is stable as a long termpreserving agent for up to 12 months. RoCide SC can be used on thinfilm composite and cellulose acetate membranes

Instructions for use

The recommended application strength forRoCide SC is 2%.

Sanitising

Recirculate the solution through themembrane system for 30-60 minutes.Contact Avista for specific applicationrecommendations. When used as asanitising agent, it is recommended tofollow use by an alkaline cleaner such asRoClean P111 or RoClean L211, toremove organic breakdown productsproduced by the inoculation of bacteriaand other microorganisms.

Preserving

Recirculate the solution through themembrane system for 30 minutes. Ensurethe system is completely full. Close thesystem valves to prevent draining.

Packaging

RoCide SC is available in 20kg pails.Other packaging is available on request.

RoC

ide SC

Properties

Appearance White Powder

pH (2% Solution) 2.5 ± 0.5

Performance

RoCide SC offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Rapid sanitisation activity as a non oxidisingbiocide.


• Kills bacteria and assists in the break downof slime.

• Recommended for use prior to RoClean P111or RoClean L211 for biologically fouledmembranes.



PDS 31 – Rocide SCRevision 3 - 09/2004

PDS 32 – Rocide LCRevision 3 - 09/2004

RoCide LC is a non-oxidising biocide, produced specifically for thesanitising of membrane systems. It can be used to either periodicallysanitsise membrane plants, or for long term preservation of membraneseither in situ or packaged. The product is stable as a long termpreserving agent for up to 12 months. RoCide LC can be used on thinfilm composite and cellulose acetate membranes


The recommended application strength forRoCide LC is 5%.

Sanitising

Recirculate the solution through themembrane system for 30-60 minutes.Contact Avista for specific applicationrecommendations. When used as asanitising agent, it is recommended tofollow use by an alkaline cleaner such asRoClean P111 or RoClean L211, toremove organic breakdown productsproduced by the inoculation of bacteriaand other microorganisms.

Preserving

Recirculate the solution through themembrane system for 30 minutes. Ensurethe system is completely full. Close thesystem valves to prevent draining.

Packaging

RoCide LC is available in 20kg pails and200kg drums. Other packaging is availableon request.

Performance

RoCide LC offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Rapid sanitisation activity as a non oxidisingbiocide.


• Kills bacteria and assists in the break downof slime.

• Recommended for use prior to RoClean P111or RoClean L211 for biologically fouledmembranes.



RoC

ide LC

Properties

Appearance Colourlessliquid

Specific Gravity 1.2 to 1.3pH (5% Solution) 2.5 ± 0.5

PSG5 – Ancillary ProductsRevision 1 – 09/2004

Ancillary Products

In addition to the main product range Avista Technologies offer a small selection of ancillaryproducts which may be required for efficient operation of a membrane system. These includecorrosion inhibitors, a salt rejection improvement aid and a chlorine scavenger. The productsoffered are outlined below.

Corrosion Inhibitors

The permeate from a reverse osmosis plant may often be corrosive to piping systems, as it willhave a low hardness level and a low level of alkalinity. In the case of permeate from aseawater plant, the level of chloride will be disproportionately high. Corrosion may beprevented by applying a suitable inhibitor. ViCoat 1000 is a liquid threshold corrosioninhibitor product based on inorganic pyrophosphate. The product prevents corrosion and alsostabilises the development of hardness and iron salts. ViCoat 2000 is a liquid corrosion andscale inhibitor based on a blend of silicate/polyphosphate and is suitable for use in potablewater systems. It also works by depositing a protective coating on the systems surfaces.ViCoat 3000 is a liquid corrosion inhibitor based on sodium silicate and is suitable for use inpotable water systems. The product deposits a silica layer on the system surfaces whichprevents corrosion.

Membrane Sizing Agent

Thin film composite membranes may lose some of their rejection characteristics, either throughaging or due to oxidation. ReSize 3000 is a powder which when coated onto the surface ofpartially oxidised thin film membranes can improve the salt rejection.

Chlorine Scavenger

Chlorine may be present in the feedwater to membrane plant, either due to the feed being takenfrom a municipal supply or because it has been added to reduce biological activity in thepretreatment process. Thin film composite membranes have little tolerance to chlorine andother oxidising agents, and therefore the chlorine must be de-activated. Anti-Chlor 30 is a30% solution of Sodium Bisulphite which is used as a Chlorine scavenger.

Thermal Antiscalant

Vitherm 700 is a blended antiscalant developed for use in thermal distillation systems. Lowapplication rates of Vitherm 700 are effective at preventing scale and metal oxide precipitatesover the full range of operating temperatures.

Membrane Antiscalants

For membrane systems which operate on a feed water with a low fouling potential, low ironand low scaling tendency, Vitec 1000 is an economic alternative product.

Ancillary Products

ViCoat 1000 is a liquid threshold corrosion inhibitor product based oninorganic pyrophosphate for inhibition of corrosion and "red water"problems in potable water distribution systems. The product deposits aneutral phosphate layer on the internal surfaces of the piping systems,which prevents corrosion and also stabilises the development ofhardness and iron salts.


Establishing the most efficient dose rate isdependent on a number of factors,including water quality, system conditionand operation. Dose rates may vary fromsystem to system dependent for exampleon the surface area of the distributionnetwork.

ViCoat1000 is normally dosed in the 2 –25ppm range to maintain 1-10 mg/l ofphosphate in the distribution system water.In certain waters, softened, distilled ornaturally soft, it may be necessary to add asmall amount of Calcium to achievesatisfactory corrosion protection.For accurate dosing recommendationcontact your Avista representative.

Dosing

ViCoat 1000 should be added in the neatform continuously by means of a meteringpump controlled proportionally to flowThe pump should be set to give smalldoses at high frequency.

Packaging

This product is available in 200 kilodrums. Customised packaging is availabledependent on volumes. Other packagingis available on request.

ViC

oat 1000

Properties

Appearance Clear LiquidpH as supplied 10.1 – 10.5

Performance

ViCoat 1000 offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Liquid product for ease of application

• Effective corrosion inhibitor

• Calcium Carbonate stabiliser for scale control

• Stabilises Iron and Manganese salts

• Product classified as non-hazardous for• shipping.

• All ingredients are food/potable grade andcomply with Drinking Water Inspectorate.



PDS 43 – ViCoat 1000Revision 2 - 09/2004

Specific Gravity @ 25OC 1.78 – 1.82

PDS 44 – ViCoat 2000Revision 2 – 09/2004

ViCoat 2000 is a liquid corrosion and inhibitor product based on ablend of silicate/polyphosphate for inhibition of corrosion and "redwater" problems in potable water distribution systems. The productdeposits a protective coating on the internal surfaces of piping systems,preventing the development of corrosive oxides.


Establishing the most efficient dose rate isdependent on a number of factors,including feedwater quality, systemoperation and temperature. Systempassivation is required by the applicationof 50mg/l for up to 2 months in order todeposit a protective film. This will befollowed by a routine treatment of~25mg/l. For accurate dosingrecommendation contact your Avistarepresentative.

Dosing

ViCoat 2000 should be addedcontinuously by means of a meteringpump. It may be applied in the neat formor diluted with potable quality water.

Packaging

This product is available in 25 Kgs pailsor 232 Kgs drums. Customised packagingis available dependent on volumes. Otherpackaging is available on request.

Performance

ViCoat 2000 offers a variety of performance andapplication benefits:

• Liquid product for ease of application.

• May be applied from the drum or in a dilutedform

• Effective corrosion inhibitor in negative LSIconditions.

• Effectively controls calcium carbonate scales.

• Chelation/complexing of metallic oxidesreduces fouling potential

• Simple on site test method available.

• Provides pH correction in RO permeate due toproduct alkalinity.

• Product classified as non-hazardous forshipping.

• All ingredients FDA listed.



ViC

oat 2000

Properties

Appearance ColourlesspH as supplied >10Specific Gravity 1.195 ± 0.05Expected Shelf Life 3years

PDS26 – ViCoat 3000Revision 2 – 09/2004

ViCoat 3000 is a liquid threshold corrosion inhibitor product based onsodium silicate for inhibition of corrosion and "red water" problems inpotable water distribution systems. The product deposits a silica layeron the internal surfaces of the piping systems, which preventscorrosion.


Dose rates may vary from system tosystem dependent for example on thesurface area of the distribution network.

System passivation is required by theapplication of 40mg/l for up to 2 monthsin order to deposit a protective film.

This will be followed by a routinetreatment of 18mg/l to maintain 5mg/lSiO2 in the distribution system water.

Dosing

ViCoat 3000 should be addedcontinuously by means of a meteringPump. It may be applied in the neat formor diluted with potable quality water orRO permeate.

Packaging

This product is available in 25kg pails or285kg drums. Customised packaging isavailable dependent on volumes. Otherpackaging is available dependent onvolumes.

Performance

ViCoat 3000 offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• Liquid product for ease of application

• Effective corrosion inhibitor

• Calcium Carbonate stabiliser for scale control

• Stabilises Iron and Manganese salts

• Product classified as non-hazardous forshipping.

• All ingredients are food/potable grade andcomply with Drinking Water Inspectorate.



ViC

oat 3000

Properties

Appearance Colourlessliquid

pH as supplied >11Specific Gravity @ 25OC1.39 ± 0.05

PDS 39 – ReSize 3000Revision 2 – 09/2004

ReSize 3000 can be used to recover the performance of partiallyoxidised thin film membranes. It forms a coating on the surface of themembrane, improving salt rejection characteristics. It is applied online, therefore does not necessitate the interruption of plantproductivity. ReSize 3000 is compatible with all thin film membranes.

Application

The product is typically applied at 30-40ppm for between 30 and 60 minutes.The product should be applied aftercleaning the system if possible.

Reapplication will be necessary followingchemical cleaning of the system, or soonerdepending on the feed water quality.

Preparation

The product can be made up into anemulsion of between 1-10% wt. Dilute theproduct with chlorine free permeatequality water.

Storage

ReSize 3000 should be stored attemperatures above freezing.

Packaging

ReSize 3000 is available in 1, 5 or 10kgpails. Other packaging is available onrequest.

Performance

ReSize 3000 offers a number of performanceproperties that make it the product of choice forresizing polyamide membranes:-

• Can be applied on line, avoiding the need tostop production during application.

• Salt rejection can be improved by up to 100%.

• Application time is typically 30-60 minutes



Properties

Appearance Cream tolight brownPowder

Bulk Density 400kg/m3

ReSize 3000

PDS45 – Anti-Chlor 30Revision 2 – 09/2004

Anti-Chlor 30 is a 30% (minimum) solution of sodium bisulphitewhich is used to de-activate residual chlorine in the feedwater tomembrane systems. It can also be applied as a mild non-oxidisingbiocide or membrane preservative.


The recommended application of (100%)sodium bisulphite 1.8 - 2.4mg/l per1mg/litre chlorine.

Sanitising

Recirculate a 1% solution through themembrane system for 30-60 minutes. It isrecommended to follow use by an alkalinecleaner such as RoClean P111 or RoCleanL211, to remove organic breakdownproducts produced by the inoculation ofbacteria and other microorganisms.

Online, 200 – 400mg/litre should be dosedfor 5 – 10 hours per application to controlbacterial growth.

Preserving

Recirculate the solution through themembrane system for 30 minutes. Ensurethe system is completely full. Close thesystem valves to prevent draining. CheckpH weekly and replace solution if pHchanges.

Packaging

Sodium bisulphite is available in pails,drums and 1000 litre IBC’s. SBS solutiondegrades rapidly (depending ontemperature) and stock should be usedwithin 6 months.

Performance

Sodium bisulphite offers a variety of performancebenefits:

• De-activates membrane damaging chlorine


• Preservation of stored membranes

• On-line biocide of membrane systems

• 30% sodium bisulphite (NaHSO3) contains20% active sulphur dioxide (SO2)



Sodium B

isulphiteA

nti-Chlor 30

Properties

Appearance Pale Yellowliquid

Specific Gravity 1.3 to 1.4pH (5% Solution) 5.5 ± 0.5

PDS 30 – Vitherm 700Revision 2 – 09/2004

Vitherm 700 is a blended formulation developed for use in thermaldistillation systems. Low application rates of Vitherm 700 have beenproven to be effective in the operating conditions found in vapourcompression, thermal compression, multi effect and multi stagedistillation plants, to control scale precipitates and metallic oxideprecipitation. The product is effective with or without sponge ballcleaning across the full temperature range of plant operations.

Dosing

Establishing the most efficient dose rate isdependent on a number of factors,including feedwater quality, systemoperation and temperature. Typicalapplication rates range between 5-15ppm.For accurate dosing recommendationcontact your Avista representative.

For maximum effectiveness, Vitherm 700should be added prior to the feed pump.

Dilution

The maximum dilution for Vitherm 700should not exceed 10%. If further dilutionis required then contact your Avistarepresentative for advice.

Packaging

Vitherm 700 is available in 23kg pails,230kg Drums and 1100kg intermediatebulk containers. Other packaging isavailable on request.

Vitherm

700

Properties

Appearance Clear toLight AmberLiquid

pH as supplied 4.0 – 5.0Specific Gravity @ 25OC1.10 ± 0.05

Performance

Vitherm 700 is a highly effective threshold scaleinhibitor and offers a variety of performance andapplication benefits:

Highly effective Antiscalant across a widequality of feedwaters

Effective over a wide pH range, (5 ~ 9)

Effectively controls scales including calciumcarbonate and calcium sulphate

Proven efficacy against iron and manganeseprecipitation in evaporator heat exchangers.Chelation/complexing of metallic oxidesreduces fouling potential

Maintains cleaner heat transfer surfaces bydispersing particulates. Crystal modificationdistorts crystal growth reducing fouling

Effective in scale control with or withoutsponge ball cleaning systems

May be applied from the drum or in a dilutedform



PR

Vitec 1000 is a liquid antiscalant designed to inhibit scale in celluloseacetate and thinfilm membrane separation systems. This formulationcontains a 44% by weight solution of polyacrylic acid that has a tightmolecular weight range of 2000. It is designed for use in waters that donot have a high potential for colloid and silt fouling of membranesurfaces (i.e. groundwater applications). Vitec 1000 can be injectedneat or diluted.

Dosing

Establishing the most efficient dose rate isdependent on a number of factors,including feedwater quality, systemoperating recovery and membranechemistry. Typical application rates rangebetween 2-5 ppm. For accurate dosingrecommendation contact your Avistarepresentative.


Dilution


Packaging

Vitec 1000 is available in 250kg drumsand 1250kg intermediate bulk containers.Other packaging is available on request.

Vitec 1000

Performance


Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) > 2.


Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)2 times Saturation




crystal growth and reduces system fouling• Achieving threshold scale inhibition at low

dose rates offers excellent economical runningcosts



DS01 - Vitec 1000evision 3 - 09/2004

PropertiesAppearance Clear to

Light AmberLiquid

pH as supplied 7.0 – 9.5

Specific Gravity @ 25OC 1.35 ± 0.05

PSG06 – ServicesRevision 1 – 09/2004

Services

In addition to the range of chemicals Avista Technologies offer a selection ofservices to support the efficient operation of membrane plants are provided. Themain services are outlined below.

Design Support

Design Guidance: During the design phase of your project Avista Technologieswill provide technical backup on product selection and dose rate calculation aswell as CIP and dosing system design assistance.

Commissioning Support: Avista Technologies are available to attend site tooversee the commissioning of chemical dosing systems as well as to assist withdemonstration CIP operations.

Avista Advice: Training can be provided in all aspects of product selection andapplication for Equipment Manufacturers or Plant Operators. Training sessionsare normally tailored to suit the particular needs of the individuals concerned.

Operational Support

Data Normalisation is offered to all customers using our suite of chemicals.This data analysis allows us to assist customers in planning plant intervention andoptimisation work.

Site Support is available for CIP supervision, chemical dosing setup assistanceor troubleshooting.

OSCAR: Our Offsite cleaning and restoration service is an intensive cleaningprocedure developed by Avista Technologies to restore membrane performance.Special cleaning techniques combined with Avista Technologies proprietaryformulations are applied to obtain significantly better results than can generallybe achieved on site.

Autopsy: An autopsy can be carried out on elements, from plants that are notperforming to design conditions. An autopsy can either be destructive or non-destructive, although only minimal tests can be carried out on a non-destructiveautopsy. The physical dissection of an element and analysis of foulants is one ofthe most definitive troubleshooting tools for membrane systems.

Services

GR

Membrane Autopsies are carried out on elements, from plants that arenot performing to design conditions. An autopsy can either bedestructive or non-destructive, although only minimal tests can becarried out on a non-destructive autopsy. The physical dissection of anelement and analysis of foulants is one of the most definitivetroubleshooting tools for membrane systems.

When a plant is not performing to designexpectations normally due to salt passageincrease, high differential pressure or adecline in product flow systemtroubleshooting is required to firstunderstand the cause of the problem andthen define the appropriate action torectify the situation.

By combining the in house processknowledge of the Avista Technologiespersonnel with the plant performanceparameters, it is often possible to identifythe cause of a problem without resorting tothe destruction of a membrane.

Some types of damage can be identifiedsimply from the performance data from amembrane. Very high flows and low saltrejection on a thin film compositemembrane are almost always symptoms ofoxidant attack on the surface of amembrane. (This can also be confirmedby analysis if necessary.)

The next stage may then be to select arepresentative membrane and submit it tonon-destructive autopsy. This allows theelement to be tested in isolation from the

Mem

brane Autopsies

Procedure

The procedure for a membrane autopsycomprises a number of the following stages:

Initial non-destructive testing:• Visually inspect the membrane to identify

signs of telescoping, foulants on the feedspacer to the membrane etc.

• Weigh the element to identify any increasecaused by precipitation of scale.

• Vacuum test the element to identify physicaldamage to the membrane.

Destructive testing:• Open the membrane and examine for

foulants. Carry out analytical tests to identifythe nature of foulants

• Dye test and performance test individualsections of the membrane to identify areas ofdamage to the membrane surface.

• Produce a written report detailing autopsyfindings and a recommendation of actions tobe taken on site.



en 02 - Membrane Autopsiesevision 3 - 09/2004

Some causes of poor performance can beidentified by visual inspection

rest of the system excluding the possibility ofinstrumentation errors, which could suggest aproblem when one does not exist. It also allowsthe membrane to be tested in isolation, thuspreventing system problems such as leaking O-rings affecting the results of a test.

Non-destructive testing includes visualinspection, weighing, vacuum testing and wettesting. Together these tests can give anindication of the extent and type of foulant,mechanical damage and determine exactly howthe membrane is performing against themanufacturers specification.

Should these tests reveal a problem whichcannot be definitively identified then, as a lastresort the membrane will be destructivelytested, to identify foulants on the surface of amembrane, or to prove physical damage to thesurface of a membrane.

DYE TESTING

Dye testing can be used to determine oxidationdamage to the surface of membranes and topinpoint tiny surface cracks.

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OFFOULANTS

A number of laboratory techniques includingXPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy),LIMA (Laser Ionisation Mass Analysis), ToF-SIMS (Time of Flight Secondary Ion MassSpectroscopy), SEM (Scanning ElectronMicroscopy) among others are employed toidentify inorganic and organic compounds.

BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) is used

SEM photomicrograph of biogrowth on amembrane surface

Figure 2: An unrolled element ready forsurface inspection and analysis.

GEN02 – Membrane AutopsiesRevision 3 – 09/2004

A number of analytical techniques areemployed to identify the different types ofsurface foulants.

Depending on the suspected foulants a numberof the following tests will be carried out.

to identify types of bacteria on membranesurfaces and to estimate the levels of bacteriacolonising the membrane surface.

All test results and observations are recorded ina formal customer report. This is accompaniedby a recommendation on how to avoid theperformance drop-off in future.

Gen 03 - OSCARRevision 3 - 09/2004

OSCAR (Off Site Cleaning And Restoration) is an intensive cleaningprocedure developed by Avista Technologies to restore membraneperformance. Special cleaning techniques combined with AvistaTechnologies proprietary formulations are applied to obtainsignificantly better results than can generally be achieved on site. Alltypes and sizes of membranes can be considered for treatment byOSCAR.

The excellent results typically achievedduring OSCAR are possible because theequipment was designed specifically toclean membrane elements. This cleaningand restoration process is unlikeconventional on-site clean-in-place(CIP) systems.

OSCAR treatment allows clients toavoid the use of treatment chemicals onsite, avoiding any discharge consentrequirements. Membranes are simplybagged and sent to our works where wewet test each element individually. Thisallows us to determine the exactcondition of each membrane and set abaseline to determine cleaningeffectiveness against.

A visual inspection of the elements andreview of the wet test results togetherwith an analysis of site operating dataallow Avista to determine a suitablecleaning programme using our RoCleanformulations. Several combinations ofcleaner are often tested to find thechemicals which give optimum results.

This preparatory work, along withOSCAR’s specialised features, ensurethat the most efficient clean possible isachieved every time.

Among these OSCAR features is a novelsealing arrangement, which allows themembranes to be cleaned in a reversedirection (brine to feed). Thissignificantly improves the removal of

Procedure:-

The procedure for a membrane subjected to theOSCAR process will typically undergo thefollowing stages:

• Physical inspection of the membrane to identifysigns of telescoping, foulants on the feed spacer tothe membrane etc.

• Wet test the element at standard conditions tocompare permeate production, salt rejection anddifferential pressure with the original performancespecifications

• Thorough cleaning using OSCAR and AvistaTechnologies own RoClean formulations.

• Post test and normalise the data to identify theimprovement achieved during OSCAR

• Upon completion, pre

Documents

Avista Technologies has been created to meet the ...avistatech.co.uk/html/docs/Catalogue2005/litcatcdold.pdfPDS03 - Vitec 3000 Revision 4 - 09/2004 Vitec 3000 is a blended formulation,