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8/2/2019 Aviation Physiology & Health Maintenance
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
Cultural Considerations InGeneral Aviation
A Broader Definition of Human in Human Factors
8/2/2019 Aviation Physiology & Health Maintenance
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
Hot Topic Candidacy Automation Human Error Modeling
Team Performance
Situation Awareness
Crew (Cockpit) Resource Management
Ecological Interface Design
Collaborative Decision Making (ADM)
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
Background / History Human Factors Research
Aviation psychology - specialized
Western cultural bias
Cross-Cultural Research
Intergroup Relations
Inter- & intra-cultural prejudices & discrimination
Socialization theory
Military and airline transport
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
Existing Research Aviate
Direct interaction between human andtechnology
Navigate
Collective gathering and employment ofresources
Communicate
Most likely immediately cross-cultural, but nomore prone to cultural bias
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
Controversies & Challenges Availability of existing research Funding
Misinterpretation of relevant cultural factors
Unrecognized correlations
Extensive & complex existing systems
Difficult to revise
Training, navigation, design & operation
Deeply ingrained and inherent biases
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
Current Status
8/2/2019 Aviation Physiology & Health Maintenance
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Major Issues Aviation physiology & health maintenance Stress, fatigue & management
Basic aviation psychology
Cognition Attitude Behavior
Flight deck demographics Ergonomics
Crew / cockpit resource management
Intergroup relations
Safety, performance & proficiency
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Aviation Physiology & Health Maintenance Anatomy & physiology
Visual, aural, vestibular, circulatory &
respiratory systems
Atmospheric & pressure responses
(hyperventilation, hypoxia, CO2, G-force, motionsickness)
Cultural health conditions
Aging, metabolism, substance use/abuse,
toxicities & flight-based health risks
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Stress, Fatigue & Management Environmental stressors (heat, light, noise, humidity) Biological rhythms
Circadian rhythms Sleep stages, fatigue, time-zones
Symptomatic nervous system
Dysrhythmia & resynchronization, fight-flightresponse
Common stressors Domestic / financial / work-related
Community & family support systems Processing & coping strategies
Time-management
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Aviation HF Psychology Information processing & cognition
Sensation, perception & attention
Mental modeling
Feedback management
Mathematical processing & visualization
Aeronautical decision making (ADM)
Premise-to-conclusion problem solving
Mental workload & memory organization
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Situation Awareness - Locus of Control
Mental modeling 2-D vs. 3-D environments
Simulated environments (training & IMC)
Information processing
Skill/rule/knowledge based decisions Automation
Familiarity/function of human in the loop
Question of authority in technology
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Culture in the Flight Environment Individualistic
Proficient & self-sufficient
Model-user
Less responsive to accurate feedback
Collectivistic
Collaborative and alternatively resourceful
More prone to resignation
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Flight Deck: Cultural Demographics Ergonomics & varied human standards Cultural domains & CRM influence
Hoefstede dimensions:
Power-Distance
Masculinity
Uncertainty-Avoidance
Individualism-Collectivism
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CRM & Aviation Attitudes CRM performance roles
Captains authority
Crew roles & responsibilities
Training & development
Inquiry, advocacy, & conflict Problem definition & critique
Trouble-prone attitudes
Anti-authority, spontaneity, macho, invulnerability
Resignation
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
Trends, Implementation & Future
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Additional Research Considerations Cognitive bias to native English-speakers Influences on pilot's scan
Controls & positioning/interpretation errors
Gauges & dials versus digital information
Regression & learning
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Mel Futrell PSY656A.Berson Fall 2004
ReferencesBatteau, Allen W., (2002).
Anthropological approaches toculture, aviation, and flight safety. Human Factors and
Aerospace Safety, 2(2), 147-171.
Beaty, David. (1995) The Naked Pilot: The human factor inaircraft accidents. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife Publishing.
Jing, Hung-Sying; Lu, C. Joseph & Peng, Shang-Jee (2001).Culture, authoritarianism and commercial aircraft accidents.Human Factors and Aerospace Safety, 1(4), 341-359.
Helmreich, Robert L.; Wiener, Earl L.; & Kanki, Barbara G.(1993) The future of crew resource management in thecockpit and elsewhere. In Cockpit Resource Management,(pp. 479-499) US: Academic Press, Inc.
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References (cont)Hoermann, Hans Juergen. (2001). Cultural variation ofperceptions of crew behaviour in multi-pilot aircraft. Travail
Humain, 64(3), 247-268
Johnston, Neil. (1993) CRM: Cross-cultural perspectives. In E.L. Wiener, B. G. Kanki & R. L. Helmreich (Eds.), CockpitResource Management, (pp. 367-393) US: Academic Press,Inc.
Matsumoto, D. (2000). Culture and psychology: People aroundthe world. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Marcus, Aaron. (2001). International and intercultural userinterfaces. In C. Stephanidis (Ed.), User interfaces for all:Concepts, methods, and tools. Human factors and
ergonomics. (pp. 47-63). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates.
8/2/2019 Aviation Physiology & Health Maintenance
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References (cont)Merritt, Ashleigh. (2000, May). Culture in the cockpit: Do
Hofestedes dimensions replicate? Journal of Cross-CulturalPsychology, 31(3), 283-301.
Meshkati, Najmedin (2002).Macroergonomics and aviation safety:The importance of cultural factors in technology transfer. In H. W.Hendrick & B. M. Kleiner, Brian M. (Eds.), Macroergonomics:Theory, methods, and applications. Human factors andergonomics. (pp. 323-330). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates.
Morgan, Konrad. (2000). Cross-cultural considerations forsimulation-based learning environments. Simulation and Gaming,31(4), 491-508.
Nisbett, Richard E.; Peng, Kaiping; Choi, Incheol; Norenzayan, Ara.
(2002). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analyticcognition. CBS Conference presented for publication.
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References (cont)Soeters, Joseph L & Boer, Peter C. (2000). Culture andflight safety in military aviation. International Journal of
Aviation Psychology, 10(2), 111-133.
Stone-Romero, Eugene F & Stone, Dianna L. (2002) Cross-cultural differences in responses to feedback:Implications for individual, group, and organizationaleffectiveness. In G. R. Ferris & J. J. Martocchio (Eds.),Research in personnel and human resourcesmanagement, 21, (pp. 275-331). US: ElsevierScience/JAI Press.
Yamamori, Hisaaki & Mito, Takao. (1993). Keeping CRM iskeeping the flight safe. In E.L. Wiener, B.G. Kanki & R.L.Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit Resource Management, (pp.399-420) US: Academic Press.