Aviation Industry Certification Requirements Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Chapter 4

Aviation Industry Aviation Industry Certification RequirementsCertification Requirements

Aviation Industry Aviation Industry Certification RequirementsCertification Requirements

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Chapter 4

February 19

•1912 — One of the most successful pre-World War I airship operations begins with the first flight of the Zeppelin LZ II, “Victoria Louise,” and its introduction into service with the German airship company DELAG.

THIS DAY IN AVIATIONTHIS DAY IN AVIATION

February 19

•1934 — All domestic air mail contracts having been annulled by order of President Roosevelt on 9 February.

•The United States Army Air Corps starts to fly the mail.


February 19

•1936 — Brig. Gen. William Mitchell died in New York City.


February 19

•1937 — Howard Hughes establishes a new transcontinental speed record of 7 hours 28 minutes 25 seconds from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey.


February 19

•1945 — Marines land on Iwo Jima.


February 19

•1982 — The first Boeing 757 takes to the air on its maiden flight.

•With capacity for between 178 and 239 passengers in a wide variety of configurations, it has a cruising speed of 528 mph and a range of 2,100 mi., or 5,343 mi. at economic cruise.


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Chapter 4 QuizChapter 4 QuizAviation Industry Aviation Industry

Certification RequirementsCertification Requirements

Chapter 4 QuizChapter 4 QuizAviation Industry Aviation Industry

Certification RequirementsCertification Requirements

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Chapter 4

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Aviation Industry Certification Aviation Industry Certification RequirementsRequirements

Aviation Industry Certification Aviation Industry Certification RequirementsRequirements

Introduction Aircraft Certification Delivery Inspection Operator Certification Certification of Personnel Aviation Maintenance Certifications Aviation Industry Interaction Summary

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Aviation Industry is the most heavily

regulated of all the transportation modes. From Design Through the Manufacturing efforts Operation Maintenance Personnel

Three Certifications for full certification of the airplane:

Type Certificate Production Certificate Airworthiness Certificate

Aircraft design Manufacturing Process Aircraft itself

Aircraft Certification

All aircraft built for commercial or private use must have an approved Type Certificate (TC)

TC defines: The vehicle Engines and/or propellers Various instruments Systems Equipment that make up model

Type Certification (FAA form 8110.9)

TC also defines: Capabilities and limitations of vehicle

Passenger and/or cargo carrying limits Altitude limits Fuel capacity Top speed and Cruising Speed

All these parameters combined (which define the airframe/engine combination) must be identified on a data sheet attached to the certificate


This design of the airframe/engine combination must be proven to the FAA by way of inspections and test flights

A Final FAA proving flight is conducted before the TC is awarded.

The TC is applied for in the early design stages but not awarded until built, tested in flight to ensure it meets the standards of safety and airworthiness.


Variations or derivatives of a given model the TC can be amended

FAA will issue a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC)

FAA will only issue TCs for products manufactured in the US or Foreign-made products intended for use in US

Refer to page 47


Once TC is awarded – manufacturer applies for Production Certificate (PC)

PC issued when FAA satisfied: with quality control system that consists of

necessary manufacturing and production facilities Effective quality system for compliance with 14

CFR part 21 Approved design data for each aircraft built to TC

standards Each copy of the aircraft must be built to TC

standards

Production Certification (FAA form 8120.4)

A manufacturer usually gets one production certificate

Each subsequent aircraft is added to original PC

PC is good for as long as manufacturer complies with requirements of original issuance

FAA may cancel, suspend, supersede, or revoke the PC for just cause at any time

Production Certification (FAA form 8120.4)

Awarded by the FAA’s Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO) to each aircraft produced by the manufacturer

The certificate is awarded after the aircraft has passed all inspections and a successful flight test – just prior to delivery to the customer

The AC contains the aircraft’s unique serial (tail) number

Airworthiness Certification (FAA form 8100-2)

The AC remains in effect as long as these conditions are met:

Aircraft meets its type design Aircraft is in a condition for safe operation All applicable airworthiness directives (ADs) have

been incorporated Maintenance and alterations are performed in

accordance with applicable FARs

FAA may cancel, suspend, supersede, or revoke the AC if any of the above have been violated


FAA rules require that the AC be displayed in the aircraft (usually by the main door)

Airworthiness Certificate is also allowed for the following categories of vehicles:

Normal Utility Acrobatic Transport Special Classes


FAA authorization is required to operate any type of aerial vehicle in U.S. airspace

Various categories: Primary

Aircraft flown for pleasure or personal use Restricted

Agriculture, forest, and wildlife, surveying, patrolling, weather use

Light-Sport Light sport aircraft, ultralight vehicle use

Experimental R&D, air racing, crew training, unmanned aircraft system

use


Prior to delivery to a customer The customer inspects aircraft to ensure it meets

customer specifications and requirements. Includes – basic design, options, customer

furnished equipment (shape color, and positioning of the airline logo)

Inspection includes a test flight by their own flight and cabin crews

Once the customer accepts aircraft from the manufacturer

That customer is responsible for maintaining in airworthy condition IAW its own maintenance program and regulatory authority rules.

Delivery Inspection

Operator can not just buy a plane, get a license, advertise for customers and enter commercial service

Must provide necessary info: He/she understands the business aspect of

commercial aviation Understands the operational and maintenance

aspects of commercial aviation operation Has the necessary people, facilities, and

processes in place to carry out that business

Operator Certification

Secretary of the Department of Transportation (DOT) issues a “certificate of public convenience and necessity” – authorizing to enter into commercial transportation

The applicant is “fit, willing and able” to perform the service

The OC is issued by the Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)

The OC is NOT transferrable to another operator


The OC remains in effect indefinitely unless surrendered by the operator, superseded by another certificate, or revoked by the FAA

Federal Aviation Act of 1958 requires airlines to develop an Operations Specifications Document (Ops Specs) for each type of aircraft to be operated


Ops Specs outlines operational activities:

Type of service to be offered, passenger, cargo, or combination

Type of aircraft to be used Routes to be flown Airports and alternate airports that will be used Navigation and communication facilities to be

utilized on each route Way points used in navigation Take off and approach routes – including

alternate approach routes at each airport


Ops Specs must also identify the maintenance and inspection program applicable to the model

Including scheduled and unscheduled maintenance

Inspection program Engine and equipment repair program (off-

aircraft maintenance) Quality assurance and reliability programs

If any aircraft or systems maintenance is performed by third party that agreement must also be in the Ops Specs


• Airline operations under part 121 state• Airline must have sufficient full-time qualified management

and technical personnel to ensure a high degree of safety in its operations

• The must have the necessary “training, experience, and expertise” for conduction the business of aviation and must be knowledgeable of the regulatory and airline policies and procedures as they relate to their specific jobs

Certification of Personnel

• Aviation Maintenance training schools must train in accordance with FAA regulations

• To earn an Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) license – aviation schools must fulfill three requirements (before taking FAA A&Ps exam)

• General Aviation Course• Airframe Course• Power plant Course• Avionics/FCC license course (optional)

Aviation Maintenance Certifications

• Is a building block or provides a foundation to aviation maintenance

• History of Aviation

• Cross References, Diagrams, and subject matter as an excellent resource for someone just starting out

• Include Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) and Advisory Circulars (AC)

General Aviation Course

• Covers aircraft metals, structure, and all other components – excluding engines

• Provides understanding of aircraft structures and components

• Cut, tear, weld and lubricate aircraft systems and components

• Include use and understanding or hydraulic and pneumatic systems

• Mimic aviation maintenance shops with hands on involvement

Airframe Course

• Introduction to aircraft engines, their design, and the construction and reciprocating engines and turbine engines

• Covers:• fuel delivery systems of an engine• functioning of cooling and exhaust• maintenance and troubleshooting of ignition

systems

• Must take oral and practical tests administered by an FAA flight standard inspector

Power Plant Course

• Curriculum covers:• Introduction to electronic and avionics theory

and practical applications

• Avionics technicians troubleshoot, repair and maintain:

• Aircraft electrical systems• RADAR• GPWS• Terrain collision and avoidance systems• Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)• Soldering broken wires

• Requires great attention to detail

Avionics/FCC Course

• Made up of:• Aircraft Manufacturers• Manufacturers and venders of parts,

systems and accessories for the aircraft• Airline operators• Third-party maintenance organizations• Trade associations

• Air Transport Association of America (ATA)

• International Air Transport Association (IATA)

• Flight crew, cabin crew• Mechanics’ unions• Regulatory Authorities

Aviation Industry Interaction

• All are constantly working together to develop and improve aviation both technically and operationally

• Continuous Quality Improvement – is the key

Aviation Industry Interaction

Aviation Industry Certification Aviation Industry Certification Requirements - SummaryRequirements - Summary

Aviation Industry Certification Aviation Industry Certification Requirements - SummaryRequirements - Summary

Introduction Aircraft Certification Delivery Inspection Operator Certification Certification of Personnel Aviation Maintenance Certifications Aviation Industry Interaction Summary

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Aviation Industry Certification Requirements Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Chapter 4