AVIATION HISTORY

Lecture 11 : Space Exploration

Space exploration is the use of astronomy and

space technology to explore outer space

Space Exploration

• The exploration of space began , with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, which the Soviets sent into orbit in 1957.

• Globally, 43 countries now have their own observing or communication satellites in Earth orbit.

Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space in 1961.

On July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong took “a giant step for mankind” as he stepped onto the moon.

Valentina Tereshkova

First Human go to Space

What is Satellites??

What is satellites Satellites are made by scientists and technologists to go

around the earth (orbiting) and do certain jobs. Satellites have many applications including

communications, weather observations and military uses.

All satellites use microwaves for sending information.

These waves travel at the speed of light and are able to pass through the Earth’s atmosphere.

On Earth we can receive satellite data through ground station

How go to outer space

A space shuttle goes about 17,500 mph to keep its self flying.

How Does a Satellite Get Into Space? A satellite is launched or sent to the space by

using the rocket. Satellites are launched from the places near the

ocean, so that when the first rocket stage falls away, it lands in the water and not on people.

Examples of places to launch rocket in the world are: Cape Canaveral, Florida; Kourou, French Guiana; Xichang, China, and Baikonur, Kazakstan.

How Does a Satellite Get Into Space? When a satellite is launched, it is placed in orbit

around the earth. The earth’s gravity holds the satellite in a certain

path as it goes around the earth. Once in the orbit, satellite can start sending and

receiving signals.

Malaysia’s Satellites

Malaysia-East Asia Satellite (MEASAT) system.

RazakSAT® satellite

Satellite’s Ground Station

Access to space is very expensive.

Why go there?

Earth ‘s Observation

Telecommunications

Satellite’s Applications Navigation

Satellites Telecommunications Communications via satellite allows high-speed

transmission for telephony, TV and internet around the world.

Satellites provide a clear data transformation. In principle, satellites enable a simpler system, without

cables, to provide a vital link everywhere.

Earth’s Observation Satellites

Earth observations satellites is in a wide range of applications.

This satellite take very accurate pictures of the earth’s surface, sending back images that tell scientists about changes that are going on around the world in such areas as agriculture, water pollution, disaster and meteorology.

Meteorological satellites can forecast weather and earlier weather info could be used to ensure the safety of flight or people in ground.

Navigation Satellites

GPS-Global Positioning System. GPS satellites can navigate us at

anytime, any weather & anywhere on the Earth.

Used by car, aircraft and personal uses to know the direction.

It is now almost impossible to get lost if you have the right equipments like GPS

Research in Space

Many of scientific experiments can’t be done in Earth due to presence of gravity.

However, those experiments can be done more effectively in space.

This is due to zero-gravity environment in Space.

International Space Station(ISS)

International Space Station ISS is the largest and most complex international scientific

project in history. Led by the United States, the International Space Station

draws upon the scientific and technological resources of 16 nations: Canada, Japan, Russia, 11 nations of the European Space Agency and Brazil.

The ISS provides a platform to conduct experiments that require one or more of the unusual conditions present on the station.

The primary fields of research include human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology

Space Researches Benefits

Researches and technologies about space exploration are very important for humanity.

Research done is space contribute to improving national security, the economy, productivity and lifestyle.

Since 1976, more than 30,000 applications of space technology have been brought down to earth to enhance our everyday life.

Space Researches Benefits

1. Technology - space program technology has resulted in more than 1,500 commercial products, including satellite radio, digital and satellite television, cell phone technology, and GPS navigation.

2. Medical - Digital hearing aids, miniature heart pumps, cancer detection devices, eye surgery, and numerous other medical and safety devices and improvements trace their origins to space technology.

MRI technology (brain scanners) in hospitals worldwide came from

technology developed in space

Pharmaceuticals produced in space

with zero gravity have purities far higher than

any produced on Earth

Space Researches Benefits

3. Electronics: The field of electronics and computers have also benefited from the space exploration. The astronauts have manufactured miniature electronic parts that could only be produced in the space during their experiments in the space stations and space shuttles.

4. Environmental: Clean & Safe Water. Water-purification technology used on the Apollo spacecraft is now employed in several applications to kill bacteria, viruses, and algae in community water-supply systems.