automotiveelectronicsbyravikumar-130808044657-phpapp02

8/18/2019 automotiveelectronicsbyravikumar-130808044657-phpapp02

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Automotive

Electronic

SystemsBy CH.RAVIKUMART.E.(EXTC) WIT


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Disciplines in Automotie En

#$%ety En!inee"in!

&uel Economy'Emissions

Veicle Dyn$mics

Veicle Elect"onics

e"%o"m$nce

#i%t *u$lity Du"$+ility ' Co""osion en!inee"in!

$c,$!e ' E"!onomics En!inee"in!

etc


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#$%ety En!inee"in!

Assessment o% $"ious c"$s scen$"ios $n-

tei" imp$ct on te eicle

occup$nts

Reui"ements Inclu-e/

0 Seat belt and air bag

functionality

— Front and side impact testing

— Full vehicle crashes

Assessments $"e -one 1it $"ious

meto-s $n- tools/ 0


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&uel Economy'Emissions

It is te me$su"e- %uel e2ciency o% te

eicle in miles pe" !$llon o" lit"es pe"

344 ,ilomete"s.

Emissions testin! te me$su"ement o% te

eicles

emissions/

— hydrocarbons

— nitrogen oxides (NOx

— carbon monoxide (CO

— carbon dioxide (CO!" and


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Veicle Dyn$mics

It is te eicle5s "esponse o% te

%ollo1in! $tt"i+utes/

0 ride" handling" steering" bra#ing"

comfort and traction

Desi!n o% te c$ssis systems/

0 suspension" steering"

bra#ing" structure

(frame" $heels and tires" and

traction control

Dyn$mics en!inee" to -elie" te


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Performance is a measurable and testable

value of a vehicles ability to perform in

various conditions

— how quickly a car can accelerate

(e.g. standing start 1/4 mile

elapsed time,

(0- 60 mph, etc.)

Generate without losing grip, recorded lap

times, cornering speed, brake fade, etc

Performance can also reect the amount of

e"%o"m$nce


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T"en-s in $utomotie

6 3784 9 pneum$tic systems lo1i! tecnic$l s,ills9 y-"$ulic systems lo1 -"iin! s,ills

6 37:4 9 elect"ic systemsinc"e$sin! !oo- tecnic$l s,illsinc"e$sin! -"iin! s,ills6 37;4 9 elect"onic systemscon!estion lo1 tecnic$l s,ills

9 opt"onic systems st$"ts i! -"iin!

s,ills6 8434 9 n$noelect"onicscon!este- e"y lo1 tecnic$l s,ills9 +iot"onic systemsoptimiim$l $n-notecnic$l s,ills

9 n$notecnolo!yoptimi


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Automotie Elect"oni

$se 3/ Int"o-uction o% Elect"onicsin non@c"itic$l $pplic$tions

D"ie" in%o"m$tion $n- ente"t$inmente.!. "$-io

Com%o"t $n- coneniencee.!. elect"ic 1in-o1s 1ipe"'1$se" se$te$tin! cent"$l loc,in! inte"io" li!t cont"ol

?o1 intelli!ence elect"onic systems

Mino" communic$tion +et1een systems(pus+utton cont"ol)

o imp$ct on en!ine pe"%o"m$nce

o imp$ct on -"iin! -"ie" s,ills


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Automotie Elect"oni

$se 8/ Elect"onics suppo"t c"itic$l$pplic$tions – En!ine optimi


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Automotie Elect"on

$se F/ Elect"onics cont"ol c"itic$l$pplic$tions

– &ull En!ine cont"ole.!. st$"t'stop cycles y+"i- eicles

– Actie $n- $ssie #$%etye.!. X +y 1i"e $nti@collision "$-$" -e$-@$n!le

– D"ie" in%o"m$tion $n- ente"t$inmente.!. t"$2c con!estion 1$"nin! 1e$te" $n- "con-itions

–

Com%o"t $n- conenienceVe"y intelli!ent $n- "o+ust elect"onics

Communic$tion +et1een inte"n$l $n- e>tesystemsIn%o"m$tion e>c$n!e 1it t"$2c net1o",

&ull cont"ol o% en!ine pe"%o"m$nce


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Inte"io" ?i!t #ystemAuto toll $yment

R$in senso"

D$s+o$"- cont"olle"

Autom$te-C"uise Cont"ol

?i!t %$ilu"e cont"ol

In%o"m$tion$i!$tion

Ente"t$inmentHe$- Up Displ$y

En!ine/ InGection cont"olInGection monito" il ?eel #ensin! Ai" &lo1

He$-li!t/osition cont"olo1e" cont"ol&$ilu"e -etection

B"$,e "essu"e

Ai"+$! #ensin! Cont"ol

#e$t cont"ol/osition'He$tin!

Key t"$nspon-e"Doo" mo-ule

Keyless ent"y

Cent"$l loc,in!

T"ottle cont"olV$le Cont"ol

E@!$s

#uspension cont"ol

?ED +"$,e li!t

Comp$ss

#t$+ility #ensin!

o1e" Win-o1 #enso"

B$c,up #ensin!

e$"+o>/ osition cont"ol

We"e -o 1e n- elect"onics in $ c$"


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Eme"!in! In@Veicle

et1o",s


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Int"o-uction

In@eicle net1o",s

– Connect the vehicles electronic e!uipments

– "acilitate the sharing of information and

resources among the distributed applications – #hese control and communications networks

are based on serial protocols, replacing wireharnesses with in$vehicle networks

– Change the point$to$point wiring ofcentrali%ed &C's to the in$vehicle networkingof distributed &C's


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Int"o-uction

Aims o% In@Veicle et1o",

– pen tandard

–

&ase to 'se – Cost *eduction

– +mproved uality


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– /ecreasing wiring harness weight andcomple.ity

– &lectronic Control 'nits are shrinking

and are directly applied to actuators andsensors

Int"o-uction


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modern automobile0s networks

Buses Speed Origin

D2B(5Mbit/s, electrical or optical mainly for digital audio) Hig !uto

MOS"(22#5Mbit/s, audio, $ideo,control) Hig !uto

%le&'ay(Mbit/s, &*by*+ire, safety*critical control) Hig !uto

Bytefligt(Mbit/s, constant latencies, airbag, sear*belt) Hig !uto

""(5-25Mbit/s, real*time distributed/fault*tolerant apps) Hig !uto

Bluetoot(Mbits/s, +ireless for infotainment e.uipments) Hig onsumer

!0(5*1bit/s control only) o+ !uto

345(#1bit/s and #61bit/s, control) o+ !uto

70(21bps, control) o+ !uto

Int"o-uction


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e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",sD8B (Domestic D$t$ Bus ) – -atsushita and Philips 1ointly developed

– 2as promoted since 3445

– /56 was designed for audio$videocommunications, computer peripherals,and automotive media applications

• #he -ercedes$6en% $class vehicle uses the/56 optical bus to network the car radio,autopilot and C/ systems

• #he #ele$7id connection, cellular phone, and

8inguatronic voice$recognition application


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Me-i$@"iente- #ystemsT"$nspo"t (M#T)

–

+t was initiated in 3449 – upports both time$triggered and event$

triggered tra:c with predictable frametransmission at speeds of 5;-bps

– 'sing plastic optic


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– #he interconnection of telematics andinfotainment such as video displays,GP navigation systems, active speaker

and digital radio

– -ore than ;= , /aimler$Chrysler, 6ecker

7utomotive, and asis ilicon ystems—developed the protocol under the -#Cooperative

e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",s


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&le>R$y

– "le.*ay is a fault$tolerant protocoldesigned for high$data$rate, advanced$

control applications, such as @$by$wiresystems (high$speed safety$criticalautomotive systems)

–

Provides both time$triggered and event$triggered message transmission

– -essages are sent at 3=-bps

e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",s


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– 6oth electrical and optical solutions areadopted for the physical layer

– #he &C's are interconnected usingeither a passive bus topology or anactive star topology

– "le.*ay complements C7A and 8+A

being suitable for both powertrainsystems and @6> systems

e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",s


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ByteJi!t

– /eveloped from 344B by 6->

– 7 e.ible time$division multiple access(#/-7) protocol using a star topologyfor safety$related applications

– -essages are sent in frames at 3=-bpssupport for event$triggered messagetransmission

e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",s


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– Guarantees deterministic (constant)latencies for a bounded number of highpriority real$time message

– #he physical medium used is plasticoptical


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Bluetoot

– 7n open speci


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Cont"olle" $"e$ net1o", (CA)

– >as initiated in 34?3 and developed by6osch developed the controller

– -essage frames are transmitted in anevent$triggered fashion

– 'p to 3-bps transmission speed

– +t is a robust, cost$eective generalcontrol network, but certain nicheapplications demand more speciali%edcontrol networks

e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",s


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?oc$l inte"connect net1o", (?I)

– 7 master$slave, time$triggered protocol

– 7s a low$speed (5=kbps), single$wire – 8+A is meant to link to relatively higher$

speed networks like C7A

– 8+A reveals the security of serialnetworks in cars

e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",s


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– network is used in on$o devices suchas car seats, door locks, sunroofs, rainsensors, and door mirrors

e"ie1 o% In@Veicle

et1o",s


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Ro$-m$p o% in@eicle

net1o",s

optics bus


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"otocol Comp$"ison


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"otocol Comp$"ison

Class 7 (H5= kbitIs) J 8+A, C7A

Class 6 (;=$;== kbitIs) J C7A, K3?;=

--edia (L 5= -bitIs) J -#,"irewire

>ireless J G-, 6luetooth

afety J 6yteight, ##PIC, "le.ray


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&utu"e ee-s %o"

et1o",in!Environment

Detection

Systems

Telematics

Driver Interface

Powertrain

Steering

Systems

Braking Systems

'apidly 7ncreasing 0umber

of %uture !utomoti$e %unctions


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Inte"connections in teVeicle


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Multimedia

ConsumerInterface

Infotainment-

Control

Powertrain and

Veicle Dynamics

Body

Electronics

Su!-Bus

"-!y-wire

Safety Bus

Safety#$elia!ility

Data $ate

&unction$l Applic$tions


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%le&$ay

C'(

)I(

M*ST

Close-loo+ Control Systems

Telematics '++lications

$ e

, u i r e m e n t s 1 Mbits/s

20 Kbits/s

#t"$te!ic Tecnic$l

Consi-e"$tions


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ilsensor

.ygensensor

"uel level

7ccelerometer

eat belt tension

Passenger ccupancy

>heel speed

#ire pressure monitor*adar sensor

*ain sensor

Parking sens

+ndoorIoutdoortemperaturesensors

GP

>atercoolanttemperature

#achometer

peedometerdometer


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En!ine #enso"s

.ygen sensor

il sensors

"uel gauge/ip $ stick


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• 2igh voltageJ fuel mi.ture rich, little unburned o.igen

• 8ow voltageJ fuel mi.ture lean, e.cess o.ygen

8 senso"s


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il senso"s

n$board oil sensorsand oil analy%ersinstalled

il pressureJ2ydrostatic force perunit area

7ge of the oil in theengineJ dielectricconstant of the oilParallel plate

capacitor separatedby oil 7n oil dielectrictester correlates tothe acidity of the oiland indicates the levelof oil degradation


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&uel !$u!e

+naccurate due to its mechanism, shape offuel tank

GaugeJ resistance M, current N, bimetalliccools, straighten out, pull needle form full toempty

Aewer carJ resistor output into amicroprocessor O compensate shape of tank

/amping needle movment up hill , down hill

, turn

"loat

Rot$tion senso"s/


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Rot$tion senso"s/#pee-omete"'T$comete"'

-omete"


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#enso"s +$se- on H$llEect

• peed

• >heel speed

• &ngine ignition

timing• #ahometer

• dometer


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#pee-omete" #ransmission and driveshaft rotate

permanent magnet rotate

rotating magnetic


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R$in senso"

6ased on total internal reection 8&/ or +nfrared light source Photodiode 7mpli


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R$in senso"

set ampli


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Ti"e p"essu"e monito"

*" communication with on board computer


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C$" $l$"m system

implest form, it is nothing but one or more senso"s connected to some sort of si"en

-ost modern car alarm systemsJ 7n array of senso"s that can include switches,

pressure sensors and motion detectors 7 si"en, often able to create a variety of sounds so

that you can pick a distinct sound for your car 7 "$-io "eceie" to allow wireless control from a

key fob 7n $u>ili$"y +$tte"y so that the alarm can operate

even if the main battery gets disconnected 7 compute" cont"ol unit that monitors everything

and sounds the alarm $$ the SbrainS of the system


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Doo" senso"

+n a close-@ci"cuit system, the electric circuitis close- when the door is shut #his means thatas long as the door is closed, electricity can owfrom one end of the circuit to the other 6ut ifsomebody opens the door, the circuit is opened,and electricity cant ow #his triggers an alarm

+n an open@ci"cuit system,opening the door closes the

circuit, so electricity begins to ow +n this system, the alarm is triggered when thecircuit is completed


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#oc, senso"

Tilt


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Tilt senso"


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"essu"e senso"

• 6reaking glass hasits own soundfre!uency

• 7ir pressure briefchange as dooropen, windowsbreak, even if theinside outsidepressure is thesame


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R$-$" -etecto"s $n-

L$mme"s• /etects radarIlasersignals

• #ry to disturb the

reected waves• &mits 1amming

signals

• >arn the driver


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T HA C K

M U

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automotiveelectronicsbyravikumar-130808044657-phpapp02