Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Automotive News EuropeNew Powertrain Technologies Conference
Kazuhiko MiyaderaExecutive Vice PresidentResearch & Development
28 March 2007
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Agenda
I. Awareness of Issues
II. Toyota’s Response• Automotive Fuel Diversification• Hybrid Technology
Agenda
I. Awareness of Issues
II. Toyota’s Response• Automotive Fuel Diversification• Hybrid Technology
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Three issues: Energy Resources, Global WarmingThree issues: Energy Resources, Global Warming, Air Quality, Air Quality
Global development of industry & technologyin the 21st century
Global development Global development of industry & technologyof industry & technologyin the 21st centuryin the 21st century
Accelerated consumption of
fossil fuels
Accelerated Accelerated consumption of consumption of
fossil fuelsfossil fuels
Automotive Powertrain IssuesAutomotive Powertrain Issues
1. Energy Resources1. Energy Resources
2. Global Warming(CO2 reduction)
2. Global Warming(CO2 reduction)
3. Air Quality3. Air Quality
Population growth (in USA, Asia, etc.)Population growth Population growth (in USA, Asia, etc.)(in USA, Asia, etc.)
Increasing number of motor vehicles
Increasing number Increasing number of motor vehiclesof motor vehicles
Awareness of Issues
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Automotive energy sources will diversify into liquid, gas and elAutomotive energy sources will diversify into liquid, gas and electricityectricity
Primary energy Automotive fuels
ManufacturingManufacturing ResidentialResidential
Mobile useMobile use
Stationary UseStationary Use
Gasoline, diesel
Gasoline, diesel
BiofuelsBiofuels
Gaseous fuels(CNG, LPG)
Gaseous fuels(CNG, LPG)
ElectricityElectricity
OilOil
BiomassBiomass
Solar, wind, hydro, nuclearSolar, wind,
hydro, nuclear
CoalCoal
CurrentMainstream
CurrentMainstream
Synthetic fuels(FT synthetic diesel, etc.)
Synthetic fuels(FT synthetic diesel, etc.)
HydrogenHydrogen
Natural gasNatural gas
Foss
il Fu
elO
ther
Sou
rces
Future Automotive Fuels
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
2030–2030– Mid-to-long-termMid-to-long-term
Oil remains mainstreamOil remains mainstream Unconventional oilUnconventional oil
Drilling & storage technologyDrilling & storage technology
Short-termShort-term
Hydrogen
production
Production technologyProduction technology
20102010
Electricity
generation
Gasification & synthetic technologyGasification & synthetic technology CO2 sequestrationCO2 sequestrationSynthetic fuels
(FT synthetic diesel, etc.)Synthetic fuels
(FT synthetic diesel, etc.)
Gaseous fuels(CNG, LPG)
Gaseous fuels(CNG, LPG)
Gas storage technologyGas storage technology Build infrastructureBuild infrastructure
BiofuelsBiofuels
Production efficiency(cost)Production efficiency(cost)
CO2 sequestrationCO2 sequestration
Build infrastructureBuild infrastructure
Hydrogen storage technologyHydrogen storage technology
HydrogenHydrogen
CO2 sequestrationCO2 sequestrationElectrical storage technologyElectrical storage technology
ElectricityElectricity
Ultra high density electrical storage technologyUltra high density electrical storage technology
Obtain desired propertiesObtain desired properties
1. Improve gasoline & diesel vehicle technology(Reduce oil consumption to cut CO2)
1. Improve gasoline & diesel vehicle technology(Reduce oil consumption to cut CO2)
2. Promote adoption of alternative fuels
2. Promote adoption of alternative fuels
Oil will stay mainstream for the time being. Oil will stay mainstream for the time being. Alternative Alternative fuels pose many challengesfuels pose many challenges
OilOil
Solar, wind, hydro, nuclearSolar, wind,
hydro, nuclear
Natural gasNatural gas
CoalCoal
BiomassBiomass
Stabilize quantity of supply Stabilize quantity of supply
Automotive Fuel Diversification Scenario
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Improving gasoline & diesel engine performance with new technoloImproving gasoline & diesel engine performance with new technologiesgies
Environmental performance(fuel economy, emissions)
Environmental performance(fuel economy, emissions)
Environmental performance(fuel economy, emissions)
Environmental performance(fuel economy, emissions)
Driv
ing
perfo
rman
ce (
dyna
mic
s)D
rivin
g pe
rform
ance
(dy
nam
ics)
Driv
ing
perfo
rman
ce (
dyna
mic
s)D
rivin
g pe
rform
ance
(dy
nam
ics)
Gasoline engineGasoline engine Diesel engineDiesel engine
Common rail(135MPa)
Common rail(135MPa)
DPNRDPNR
Piezo injectorPiezo injector
Common rail(180MPa)
Common rail(180MPa)
3-way catalyst 3-way catalyst Lean burnLean burn
VVT-iVVT-i D-4SD-4S
Low frictionLow friction
Gasoline & Diesel Vehicle Technology Evolution
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Improving transmission performance with new technologiesImproving transmission performance with new technologies
Environmental performance (fuel economy, emissions)Environmental performance (fuel economy, emissions)
Driv
ing
perfo
rman
ce (
dyna
mic
s)D
rivin
g pe
rform
ance
(dy
nam
ics)
TransmissionTransmission
ECT-iECT-i
Flex lockupFlex
lockup
Start& StopStart
& Stop6AT6AT
8AT8ATCVTCVT
Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management
Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management
Transmission Technology Evolution
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Key Points in Alternative Fuels Selection
Well-to-Wheel CO2WellWell--toto--Wheel COWheel CO22
Energy densityEnergy densityEnergy density
ResourceResourceResource
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Energy DensityToyota estimate
5
10
Vol
umet
ric e
nerg
y de
nsity
(Gas
olin
e=10
)
BatteriesBatteries GaseousGaseous
0
Hydrogen absorbing
alloy(2wt%)
High-pressure hydrogen(35MPa)
CNG(20Mpa)
Lithium-ionbattery
Ethanol
Petrol
Diesel
LiquidLiquid
High Density
Smaller Tank
Low Density
Larger Tank
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Well-to-Wheel CO2 Emissions
Japanese 10-15 test cycle
Well-to-Tank CO2 (WTT)Tank-to-Wheel CO2 (TTW)
Source: Mizuho Information & Research Institute report
Relative CO2 emissions indexed to gasoline as 1.0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
PetrolDiesel
Gasoline Hybrid
FT synthetic diesel: coalFT synthetic diesel: biomass
Ethanol: sugar caneEthanol: corn
Electricity: coal
Fuel Cell or Electricity: nuclear
Fuel Cell : CNG
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Alternative fuels - Basic Characteristic
Bio-fuel
Hydrogen
Electricity
Energy density(Cruising distance)
Well to Wheel CO2 Emission Resource
better
worse
worse
better
depend on primary energy
depend on primary energy
better
better
worse
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Biofuels have supply volume limitationsBiofuels have supply volume limitations
Bioethanol is suited to low-concentration blends for the time being
Bio-diesel should be 2nd generation or low-concentration FAME
Use of Biofuels
Grass & wood(cellulose)
Corn(starch)
Sugarcane(sugar)
PalmRapeseed
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
FCHV-BUS (Hino Motors, Ltd.)FCHV-BUS (Hino Motors, Ltd.)
TOYOTA-FCHVTOYOTA-FCHV
FCHV-F (Toyota Industries Corporation)FCHV-F (Toyota Industries Corporation)
Main unitMain unit
Hot water tankHot water tank
BusBus
Passenger carPassenger car
Fixed locationFixed locationResidential FCcogeneration system(Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd.)
Residential FCcogeneration system(Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd.)
MOVE FCV-K-Ⅱ(Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd.)MOVE FCV-K-Ⅱ(Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd.)
Toyota FC stackToyota FC stack
Industrial vehiclesIndustrial vehicles“Kei” mini-vehicle“Kei” mini-vehicle
Toyota’s Fuel Cell Technology
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle is:
or
MotorBattery
Household electrical energy
Engine
Fuel tank
Gas station
a hybrid ofelectric vehicle & petrol (diesel) vehicle
a hybrid ofa hybrid ofelectric vehicle & petrol (diesel) vehicleelectric vehicle & petrol (diesel) vehicle
a gasoline (diesel) hybrid vehiclewith an external recharger
a gasoline (diesel) hybrid vehiclea gasoline (diesel) hybrid vehiclewith an external rechargerwith an external recharger
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
(1,000 units)(1,000 units)
(year)(year)1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201X1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201X
10001000
900900
800800
700700
600600
500500
400400
300300
200200
100100
★
Aiming to reach one million per year early in the 2010s decadeAiming to reach one million per year early in the 2010s decade
Yearly Sales of Hybrid Vehicles Worldwide
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Gasoline,Diesel
GaseousFuels ElectricityHydrogenSynthetic
FuelsBiofuels
the Right Place the Right Time
Hybrid Technology
the Right Car
Ultimate Eco-CarEnergy diversityEnergy diversity Air qualityAir qualityCOCO22 reductionreduction