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Automotive industry From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The automotive industry is a term that covers a wide range of companies and organisations involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles , towed vehicles , motorcycles and mopeds . It is one of the world's most importanteconomic sectors by revenue . The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles following delivery to the end-user, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations . The term automotive was created from Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion) to represent any form of self-powered vehicle. This term was proposed by SAE member Elmer Sperry . [1] Contents [hide ] 1 History 2 Safety 3 Economy 4 World motor vehicle production o 4.1 By year o 4.2 By country o 4.3 By manufacturer 5 Company relationships 6 Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume 7 By total production 8 Minor automotive manufacturers 9 See also 10 References 11 External links [edit ]History The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany . Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz , his

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Page 1: Automotive industry

Automotive industryFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The automotive industry is a term that covers a wide range of companies and organisations involved in the

design, development, manufacture, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles, towed

vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds. It is one of the world's most importanteconomic sectors by revenue.

The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles

following delivery to the end-user, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.

The term automotive was created from Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion) to represent any form of

self-powered vehicle. This term was proposed by SAE member Elmer Sperry.[1]

Contents

 [hide]

1  History

2  Safety

3  Economy

4  World motor vehicle production

o 4.1  By year

o 4.2  By country

o 4.3  By manufacturer

5  Company relationships

6  Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume

7  By total production

8  Minor automotive manufacturers

9  See also

10  References

11  External links

[edit]History

The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz

was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in

1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (104 km (65 mi)

from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since

2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.

Soon after, in 1889, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart designed a vehicle from scratch to be an

automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors

Page 2: Automotive industry

of the first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen , in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in

1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc(7.4 cu   in ) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his

son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle.[2]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged

the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[2]:p.26

For many decades, the U.S.A. led the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression,

the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the US automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At

that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons.[3] After WWII the U.S. issued 3/4 of world's auto production. In

1980 the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly

passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units.

By producing 18.4 million units in 2011, China produced more than twice the number of second place the U.S.

with 8.7 million units, with in Japan third place with 8.4 million units.[4]

[edit]Safety

Today’s vehicles are graded on stricter and more precise parameters than ever before from weight to safety to

durability and anywhere and everywhere in between. New materials have brought out new techniques for

construction and vehicle design.[5] The introduction of plastics has advanced the technology used for making

newer vehicles.[6] New plastics technologies allow manufactures to answer to the call for advancements. Plastics

can be used in various technologies on vehicles for structural safety to visual appearance. These new plastic

innovations allow new technologies to be used in vehicles for safety to comfort purposes. Plastics also allow for

cost effective changes to be made to newer vehicle while still maintaining high safety and comfort requirements

of the industry. These advancements in plastic material usage in modern vehicles are the footholds for the future

of the automotive industry.[7]

[edit]Economy

See also: Automotive industry by country

Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260

billion US gallons (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[8] The automobile is a primary mode of

transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by

2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRICmarkets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other

potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia.[9] Emerging auto markets already buy more cars

than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the

global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend to accelerate.[10][11]

[edit]World motor vehicle production

See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production

[edit]By year

Global production of motorvehicles

Page 3: Automotive industry

(cars and commercial vehicles)

YearProductio

n Change Source

1997 54,434,000 [12]

1998 52,987,000 -2.7% [12]

1999 56,258,892 6.2% [13]

2000 58,374,162 3.8% [14]

2001 56,304,925 -3.5% [15]

2002 58,994,318 4.8% [16]

2003 60,663,225 2.8% [17]

2004 64,496,220 6.3% [18]

2005 66,482,439 3.1% [19]

2006 69,222,975 4.1% [20]

2007 73,266,061 5.8% [21]

2008 70,520,493 -3.7% [22]

2009 61,791,868 -12.4% [23]

2010 77,857,705 26.0% [24]

Page 4: Automotive industry

[edit]By countryMain article: List of countries by motor vehicle production

[hide]

V

T

E

« previous year Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2011 next year »

Motor vehicle production (units)

Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,000,000

 China 18,418,876

 United States 8,653,560

 Japan 8,398,654

 Germany 6,311,318

 South Korea 4,657,094

 India 3,936,448

 Brazil 3,406,150

 Mexico 2,680,037

 Spain 2,353,682

 France 2,294,889 Canada 2,134,893

 Russia 1,988,036

 Iran 1,648,505

 Thailand 1,478,460 UK 1,463,999

 Czech Rep. 1,199,834

 Turkey 1,189,131

 Indonesia 837,948

 Poland 837,132

 Argentina 828,771

 Italy 790,348

Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. Retrieved 2012-03-12.

[edit]By manufacturer[hide]

V

T

E

Page 5: Automotive industry

« previous year — Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2011 next year »

Total motor vehicle production

Group 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,00010,000,000Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy BusesGM 9,146,340

Volkswagen 8,157,058Toyota 8,050,181

Hyundai Motor 6,616,858Ford 4,873,450

Nissan 4,631,673PSA 3,582,410

Honda 2,909,016Renault 2,825,089Suzuki 2,725,899

Fiat 2,399,825Chrysler 2,004,514BMW 1,738,160

Daimler AG 1,528,008Mazda 1,165,591

Mitsubishi 1,140,282Dongfeng Motor 1,095,065

Tata 1,061,229Geely 902,824

Beijing Automotive 689,635Chang'an Automobile 681,719

Saipa 669,538Chery 637,423

AvtoVAZ 635,860FAW 621,271Fuji 580,261

Great Wall 486,562Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy Buses

Total: 78,799,483 Cars: 61,703,020 LCV: 13,637,299 HCV: 3,111,908Heavy Bus: 347,256Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers, Year 2011". OICA. November 2012.

[edit]Company relationships

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships

can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:[citation needed]

Daimler AG  holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, a 10% stake in Tesla Motors, a

6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Alliance.

Dongfeng Motor Corporation  is involved in joint ventures with several companies around the world,

including: Honda (Japan), Hyundai(South Korea), Nissan (Japan), Nissan Diesel (Sweden), and PSA

Peugeot Citroen (France).

Page 6: Automotive industry

Fiat  holds a 90% stake in Ferrari and a 61.8% stake in Chrysler.

Ford Motor Company  holds a 3% stake in Mazda and an 12.1% share in Aston Martin.

Geely Automobile  holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings.

General Motors  holds a 7% stake in PSA Peugeot Citroen, Shanghai Automotive Industry

Corporation (SAIC) have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.

Both also hold an equal 50% stake in General Motors India Private Limited. And General Motors holds a

94% stake in GM Korea and SAIC Group holds a 6% stake.

Hyundai Kia Automotive Group  holds a 33.99% stake in Kia Motors,[25] down from the 51% that it acquired in

1998.

MAN SE  holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.

Porsche Automobil Holding SE  has a 50.74% voting stake in Volkswagen Group. The Porsche automotive

business is fully owned by the Volkswagen Group.

Renault  and Nissan Motors have an alliance( Renault-Nissan Alliance ) involving two global companies

linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of

(non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.

Renault  holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group.

Toyota  holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru.

Volkswagen Group  holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 53.7% stake in MAN

SE (55.9% voting rights). Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one

division.Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in Volkswagen.

Paccar inc.  has a 19% stake in Tatra.

[edit]Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced

by each one. The table is ranked by 2010 end of year production figures from the International Organization of

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[26] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures

are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which

can become a source of controversy.[27][28]

Note: This Section is Outdated.

Marque Country of origin Ownership Markets

1. Toyota Motor Corporation (  Japan)

Daihatsu Subsidiary Asia, Africa, and South America

Page 7: Automotive industry

Hino Subsidiary Asia Pacific, North America and South America

Lexus Division Global

Lexus F Division Global

Scion Subsidiary United States, Canada

Toyota Division Global

2. General Motors Company (  United States)

Alpheon Subsidiary South Korea

Buick Division United States, Canada, Mexico, China,Taiwan, Israel

Cadillac Division North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East

Chevrolet Division Global, except Australia, New Zealand

Corvette Division Global, except Australia and New Zealand

Damas/Labo Subsidiary South Korea

GMC Division North America, Middle East

Holden Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand

HSV Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand

Page 8: Automotive industry

Opel Subsidiary Europe (except UK), Middle East, China, Taiwan, South Africa, Australia

OPC Subsidiary Europe (except UK), Middle East, China, Taiwan, South Africa, Australia

OSV Subsidiary Europe

Vauxhall Subsidiary United Kingdom

3. Volkswagen Group AG (  Germany)

Audi Subsidiary Global

Bentley Subsidiary Global

Bugatti Subsidiary Global

Lamborghini Subsidiary Global

MAN Subsidiary Europe, Asia, Africa, South America

Porsche Subsidiary Global

Scania Subsidiary Global

SEAT Subsidiary Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, Mexico

Škoda Subsidiary Global, except North America

Volkswagen Subsidiary Global

Page 9: Automotive industry

Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Subsidiary Europe, Latin America, Australia, China

4. Hyundai Motor Group (  South Korea)

Hyundai Division Global

Kia Subsidiary Global, except Mexico

5. Ford Motor Company (  United States)

Ford Division Global

FPV Subsidiary Australia

Lincoln Division United States, Canada, Mexico, Middle East, Japan, South Korea

Troller Subsidiary South America, Africa

6. Nissan (  Japan)

Datsun Division Indonesia, India, Russia

Infiniti Division Global, except Japan, South America and Africa

Infiniti Performance Line Division United States

Nissan Division Global

7. Honda Motor Company (  Japan)

Page 10: Automotive industry

Acura Subsidiary United States, Canada, Mexico, China

Honda Division Global

8. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. (  France)

Citroën Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia

DS Subsidiary Europe, South Africa, Australia

Peugeot Subsidiary Global, except USA, Canada

9. Suzuki Motor Corporation (  Japan)

Suzuki Division Global

Maruti Suzuki Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America

10. Renault (  France)

Dacia Subsidiary Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa

Renault Division Global, except United States, Canada, South Korea

Renault Samsung Subsidiary South Korea, Chile

11. Fiat S.p.A. (  Italy)

Abarth Subsidiary Global

Page 11: Automotive industry

Alfa Romeo Subsidiary Global, except North America

Chrysler Subsidiary Global, except Europe (except UK and Ireland), Africa (except South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia

Dodge Subsidiary Global, except Europe, Africa(except South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia

Ferrari Subsidiary Global

Fiat Subsidiary Global, except Africa(except South Africa), South East Asia

Jeep Subsidiary Global, Africa(except South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia

Lancia Subsidiary Europe(except UK and Ireland) and Japan

Maserati Subsidiary Global

Ram Subsidiary North America, Brazil, Middle East

Street and Racing Technology Subsidiary North America

12. Daimler AG (  Germany)

BharatBenz Subsidiary India

Freightliner Subsidiary North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand

Master Subsidiary Pakistan

Mercedes-AMG Division Global

Page 12: Automotive industry

Mercedes-Benz Division Global

Mitsubishi Fuso Subsidiary Global

Orion Subsidiary United States, Canada

Setra Division Europe, Asia, USA

Smart Division Global

Thomas Built Subsidiary North America

Western Star Subsidiary North America, Australia, New Zealand

13. BMW AG (  Germany)

BMW Division Global

BMW i Division Global

BMW M Division Global

MINI Division Global

Rolls-Royce Subsidiary Global

14. Mazda Motor Corporation (  Japan)

Mazda Division Global

17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (  Japan)

Page 13: Automotive industry

Mitsubishi Division Global

18. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

Chana Division China, Taiwan, South Africa, Europe

Hafei Subsidiary China

Tiger Truck Subsidiary United States, Canada

19. Tata Motors, Ltd (  India)

Hispano Subsidiary Europe

Jaguar Subsidiary Global

Land Rover Subsidiary Global

Tata Division Global, except North America

Tata Daewoo Subsidiary South Korea, Pakistan

20. First Automotive Group Corporation (  People's Republic of China)

Besturn Division China

Freewind Subsidiary China

Page 14: Automotive industry

Haima Subsidiary China

Hongqi Division China

Jiaxing Subsidiary China

Vita Subsidiary China

Xiali Subsidiary China

21. Geely Automobile (  People's Republic of China)

Emlgon Division China

Emgrand Division China, United Kingdom

Geagle Division China

Geely Division China, Taiwan, Russia, North Africa, Middle East, South America, South Africa, Australia

Maple Division China

Volvo (Cars) Subsidiary Global

22. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

Chery Division China, South East Asia, Russia, South Africa, South America

Qoros Joint-Venture China

Page 15: Automotive industry

Riich Division China

Rely Division China

23. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd (  Japan)

Subaru Division Global

24. Dongfeng Motor Corporation (  People's Republic of China)

Fengshen Division China

25. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

BAW Division China

Foton Subsidiary China, Taiwan, Japan, Australia

26. OAO AvtoVAZ (  Russia)

Lada Division Europe, except United Kingdom, Portugal and Malta, Central Asia

VIS Division Russia

27. BYD Auto (  People's Republic of China)

BYD Division China, Taiwan, Russia, United States

28. Isuzu Motors, Ltd (  Japan)

Page 16: Automotive industry

Isuzu Division Global, except Brazil and Korea

31. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

JAC Division China

32. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

Brilliance Division China, North Africa

Jinbei Subsidiary China

33. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

Great Wall Division China, Taiwan, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia, Europe, Middle East

35. SAIC Motor (  People's Republic of China)

Maxus Division China, Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Chile, Malaysia

MG Motor Subsidiary China, United Kingdom, South America

Roewe Division China

Soyat Division China

Yuejin Division China

36. GAZ (  Russia)

Page 17: Automotive industry

GAZ Division Russia, Europe, Central Asia

LiAZ Subsidiary Russia

Ural Trucks Division Russia

37. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd (  India)

Mahindra Division India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia

REVA Division India

SsangYong Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan

38. Hafei Motor (  China)

Hafei Subsidiary China

39. AB Volvo (  Sweden)

Mack Subsidiary Global

NovaBus Subsidiary North America

Prevost Subsidiary North America

Renault Trucks Subsidiary Global, except Japan, United States, and Canada

UD Trucks Subsidiary Global

Page 18: Automotive industry

Volvo Trucks Division Global

40. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile (  China)

Changhe Division China

41. Paccar Inc. (  United States)

DAF Trucks Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan

Kenworth Division North America, Australia

Leyland Trucks Subsidiary Global, except North America and Japan

Peterbilt Division North America

42. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. (  China)

Qingling Division China

43. Fiat Industrial S.p.A (  Italy)

Iveco Subsidiary Global

Irisbus Subsidiary Global, except North America

44. Navistar International Corporation (  United States)

IC Subsidiary United States, Canada

Page 19: Automotive industry

International Division North America, South America, Russia, Middle East, Egypt, South Africa

45. Iran Khodro Company (  Iran)

Iran Khodoro Division Middle East,Northern Africa, Russia, Belarus, Central Asia, China, Venezuela

IKCO Diesel Division Middle East, Northern Africa, Western Africa

46. Proton Holdings, Bhd (  Malaysia)

Lotus Subsidiary Global

Proton Division Asia Pacific(except Korea), South Africa, United Kingdom, Middle East

47. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile (  People's Republic of China)

Jiangnan Division China

48. Yulon Motor (  Taiwan)

Luxgen Division Taiwan, China, Oman

Tobe Division Taiwan

49. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

Lifan Division China, Taiwan, Russia, Middle East, South America

50. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company (  People's Republic of China)

Page 20: Automotive industry

Soueast Division China

51. Kuozui Motors, Ltd (  Taiwan)

Kuozui Subsidiary Taiwan

52. Shandong Kaima (  China)

Kaima Division China

Jubao Division China

Aofeng Division China

53. Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group Co Ltd (  People's Republic of China)

Changfeng Subsidiary China, Russia, Middle East, Africa

Gonow Subsidiary China

Trumpchi Division China

54. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. (  People's Republic of China)

Nanjun Division China

55. Rongcheng Huatai Motor (  People's Republic of China)

Huatai Division China

56. Caterpillar Inc. (  United States)

Page 21: Automotive industry

CAT Division United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand

[edit]By total production

Quantifying the total production of a manufacturer, from their start-up, is a difficult task, because of frequent

company ownership changes. However some producers, and independent sources, provide some valuable

statistics:

Toyota  reached 200 000 000 vehicles as of July 2012 (after 77 years of production). [29]

[edit]Minor automotive manufacturers

Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups

There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or

operating in niche markets.