Automobile hemraj prajapat

8/14/2019 Automobile hemraj prajapat

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APresentation Report

On

Automobile Industry & Bajaj Auto Company

College of Engineering & Technology,Bikaner

(An Autonomous Institute of Govt. of Rajasthan)

MBA

2008-2009

Submitted By: - Submitted To:-HEMRAJ PRAJAPAT Ms. ALKA SWAMIM.B.A (2nd Sem.) LECTURER


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CONTENT

1. Introduction Of Automobile Industry

2. History Of Automobile Industry

3. Preview Of Automobile Industry

4. Background Of Automobile Industry

5. Structure of Automobile Industry

6. Trends in Passenger Car

7. Strengths of the Automobile Industry

8. Weaknesses of the Automobile Industry

9. Opportunities for the Automobile Industry

10. The Challenges Of Automobile Industries11. Focus On Bajaj Auto Company For Three Wheelers

12. Competitors Of Bajaj Auto Company

13. Conclusion


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Introduction of Automobile Industry

The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single

inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place

worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern

automobile. However, we can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way.

Starting with the first theoretical plans for a motor vehicle that had been drawn up

by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton.

In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor

invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725 - 1804).

Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions atthe Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. It was used by the French Army to haul

artillery at a whopping speed of 2 1/2 mph on only three wheels. The vehicle had

to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The steam engine

and boiler were separate from the rest of the vehicle and placed in the front (see

engraving above). The following year (1770), Cugnot built a steam-powered

tricycle that carried four passengers.

In 1771, Cugnot drove one of his road vehicles into a stone wall, making

Cugnot the first person to get into a motor vehicle accident. This was the

beginning of bad luck for the inventor. After one of Cugnot's patrons died and the

other was exiled, the money for Cugnot's road vehicle experiments ended.

Steam engines powered cars by burning fuel that heated water in a boiler,

creating steam that expanded and pushed pistons that turned the crankshaft,

which then turned the wheels. During the early history of self-propelled vehicles -

both road and railroad vehicles were being developed with steam engines.

(Cugnot also designed two steam locomotives with engines that never worked

well.) Steam engines added so much weight to a vehicle that they proved a poor

design for road vehicles; however, steam engines were very successfully used in

locomotives. Historians, who accept that early steam-powered road vehicles were


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automobiles, feel that Nicolas Cugnot was the inventor of the first automobile.

The automotive industry has certain trends it has to follow, just like fashion

designers and musical composers. In times of recession and decreasing sales

there is less room to take chances and manufacturers are prone to follow the

common pattern as a safer bet rather than releasing a controversial product or

idea that might or might not be successful. However throughout the automotive

industry's history, great innovators have "boldly gone where no man has gone

before" to set new trends which have dynamically altered the industry as a whole.

History Of Automobile Industries

1880's & early 1900's

About hundred years ago The first motor car was imported Import duty on

vehicles was introduced.Indian Great Royal Road (Predecessor of the Grand

Trunk Road) was conceived.

First car brought in India by a princely ruler in 1898.

Simpson & Co established in 1840. They were the first to build a steam car

and a steam bus, to attempt motor car manufacture, to build and operate

petrol driven passenger service and to import American Chassis in India.

Railways first came to India in 1850's

In 1865 Col. Rookes Crompton introduced public transport wagons strapped

to and pulled by imported steam road rollers called streamers. The maximum

speed of these buses was 33 km/hr.

From 1888 Motors Spirit attracted a substantial import duty.

In 1919 at the end of the war, a large number of military vehicles came on the

roads.


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In 1928 assembly of CKD Trucks and Cars was started by the wholly owned

Indian subsidiary of American General Motors in Bombay and in 1930-31 by

Canadian Ford Motors in Madras, Bombay and Calcutta In 1935 the

proposals of Sir M Visvesvaraya to set up an Automobile Industry were

disallowed.

1942 Hindustan Motors Ltd incorporated and their first vehicle was made in

1950.

In 1944 Premier Automobiles Ltd incorporated and in 1947 their first vehicle

was produced.

In 1947 the Government of Bombay accepted a scheme of Bajaj Auto to

replace the cycle rickshaw by the auto and assembly started in a couple of

years under a license from Piaggio. Manufacturing Programme for the auto

and scooter was submitted in 1953 to the Tariff Commission and approved by

the Government in 1959.

In 1953 the Government decreed that only firms having a manufacturing

programme should be allowed to operate and mere assemblers of imported

CKD units be asked to terminate operations in three years.

Only seven firms namely Hindustan Motors Limited, Automobile Products of

India Limited, Ashok Leyland Limited, Standard Motors Products of India

Limited., Premier Automobiles Limited, Mahindra & Mahindra and TELCO

received approval. M&M was manufacturing jeeps. Few more companies

came up later.

Government continued with its protectionism policies towards the industry.

In 1956, Bajaj Tempo Ltd entered the Indian market with a programme of

manufacturing Commercial Vehicles, and Simpson for making engines.

1960's

In sixties 2 and 3 Wheeler segment established a foothold in the

industry.


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Escorts and Ideal Jawa entered the field in the beginning of sixties.

Association of Indian Automobile Manufacturers formally established in 1960.

Standard Motors Products of India Ltd. moved over to the manufacture of

Light Commercial Vehicles in 1965.

1970's

Major factors affecting the industry's structure were the implementation of

MRTP Act, FERA and Oil Shocks of 1973 and 1979.

During this decade there was not much change in the four wheeler industry

except the entry of Sipani Automobiles in the small car market.

Oil Shock of 1973 quickened the process of dieselization of the CommercialVehicle segment.

Three other companies, namely, Kirloskar Ghatge Patil Auto Ltd, Indian

Automotive Ltd and Sen & Pandit Engg products Ltd entered the market

during 1971-75. They ultimately withdrew in early eighties.

During the seventies the economy was in bad shape. This and many specific

problems affected the Automobile Industry adversely.

1980's

The period of liberalized policy and intense competition

First phase of liberalisation announced.

Unfair practices of monopoly, oligopoly etc slowly disappeared.

Liberalisation of the protectionism policies of the Government.

Lots of new Foreign Collaborations came up in the eighties. Manycompanies went in for Japanese collaborations.

Hindustan Motors Ltd. in collaboration with Isuzu of Japan introduced the

Isuzu truck in early eighties.


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ALL entered into collaboration with Leyland Vehicles Ltd. for development of

integral buses and with Hino Motors of Japan for the manufacture of W Series

of Engines.

TELCO after the expiry of its contract with Daimler Benz, indigenously

improved the same Benz model and introduced it in the market.

Government approved four new firms in the LCV market, namely, DCM,

Eicher, Swaraj and Allwyn. They had collaborations with Japanese companies

namely, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Mazda and Nissan respectively.

In 1983 Maruti Udyog Ltd was started in collaboration with Suzuki, a

Japanese firm.

Other three Car manufacturers namely, Hindustan Motors Ltd., Premier

Automobiles Ltd., Standard Motor Production of India Ltd. also introduced

new models in the market.

At the time there were five Passenger Car manufacturers in India - Maruti

Udyog Ltd., Hindustan Motors Ltd., Premier Automobiles Ltd., Standard Motor

Production of India Ltd. and Sipani Automobiles.

Ashok Leyland Ltd. and TELCO were strong players in the Commercial

Vehicles sector.

In 1983-84 Bajaj Tempo Ltd. entered into a collaboration with Daimler-Benz of

Germany for manufacture of LCVs.

Important policy changes like relaxation in MRTP and FERA, delicensing of

some ancillary products, broad banding of the products, modifications in

licensing policy, concessions to private sector (both Indian and Foreign) and

foreign collaboration policy etc. resulted in higher growth / better performance

of the industry than in the earlier decades.

1990's

Mass Emission Norms were introduced for in 1991 for Petrol Vehicles and in

1992 for Diesel Vehicles.


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In 1991 new Industrial Policy was announced. It was the death of the License

Raj and the Automobile Industry was allowed to expand.

Further tightening of Emission norms was done in 1996.

In 1997 National Highway Policy has been announced which will have a

positive impact on the Automobile Industry.

The Indian Automobile market in general and Passenger Cars in particular

have witnessed liberalisation. Many multinationals like Daewoo, Peugeot,

General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Hyundai, Toyota, Volvo and Fiat

entered the market.

Various companies are coming up with state-of-art models of vehicles.

TELCO has diversified in Passenger Car segment with Indica.

Despite the adverse trend in the growth of the industry, it is resolutely trying

to meet the challenges. Various issues of critical importance to the industry are

being dealt with forcefully.

Preview of Automobile Industry

The automobile industry, one of the core sectors, has undergone

metamorphosis with the advent of new business and manufacturing practices in

the light of liberalization and globalization. The sector seems to be optimistic of

posting strong sales in the next couple of years in view of a reasonable surge in

demand.

The Indian automobile market is gearing towards having international

standards to meet the needs of the global automobile giants and become a global

hub. Players are strategizing to consolidate their position and gradually increasemarket penetration with the launch of new models, targeting different segments.

Since the sector is price driven, huge investment is envisaged to remain

competitive through cost advantage, for which indigenization is highly important.

The product becomes dearer if it is manufactured using imported parts. IT in the

automobile sector plays a crucial role.. Some players are working towards


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development of efficient production systems that control the entire production

process with high precision and accuracy. Such systems working on real time

operating systems allow efficient control of different parts of manufacturing and

production. It is essential to leverage skills of different engineering disciplines to

build these kinds of integrated systems.Analysts foresee high scope in the

electronics for auto sectorand expect the retailing of such electronics products to

contribute a major chunk of future revenues. The government is increasing the

research and development (R&D) fund for the automobile industry over and above

the Rs 1400 crores earmarked for eight years. All laboratories in the country

researching on automobile technology, such as BHEL which is developing cell

technology as alternative fuel, have also been brought together through the setting

up of a national R & D working group. The group is working out a plan to link all

major laboratories across the country to give a thrust to automotive research.

Indian automobile sector being a driver of product and process technologies, and

has become a excellent manufacturing base for global players, because of its high

machine tool capabilities, extremely capable component industry, most of the raw

material locally produced, low cost manufacturing base and highly skilled

manpower Not only a large number of world manufacturers have set up production

bases in India but also a large number of foreign companies are collaborating with

the auto component suppliers and vendors.

Indian Automobile Components Industry has been making rapid strides

towards achievement of world-class Quality Systems by imbibing ISO 9000/QS

9000 Quality Systems whereby the Indian Automotive industry has become more

competitive in the export market due to its technological and quality advances, so

much so that in quality conscious markets such as Europe and America, it is

emerging as a major player, based on its performance. India today exports: Engine

and engine parts, electrical parts, drive transmission & steering pats, suspension &

braking parts among others.


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The sector is striding inroads into the rural middle class after its inroads into

the urban markets and rural rich. It is trying to bring in varying products to suit

requirements of different class segments of customers.

States like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and

West Bengal are vying to woo global players with proposals including heavy tax

exemptions and to create a more investor friendly regime, each state is proposing

to provide all regulatory clearances at express speed.

The Government should promote Research & Development in

automotive industry by strengthening the efforts of industry in this direction by

providing suitable fiscal and financial incentives.

The current policy allows Weighted Tax Deduction under I.T. Act,

1961 for sponsored research and in-house R&D expenditure. This will be

improved further for research and development activities of vehicle and

component manufacturers from the current level of 125%.

In addition, Vehicle manufacturers will also be considered for a

rebate on the applicable excise duty for every 1% of the gross turnover of the

company expended during the year on Research and Development carried either

in-house under a distinct dedicated entity, faculty or division within the company

assessed as competent and qualified for the purpose or in any other R&D

institution in the country. This would include R & D leading to adoption of low

emission technologies and energy saving devices.

Government will encourage setting up of independent auto design firms by

providing them tax breaks, concessional duty on plant/equipment imports and

granting automatic approval.

All locations to automotive cess fund created for R&D of automotive

industry shall be increased and the scope of activities covered under it enlarged.


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Background of Automobile Industry

The automobiles industry for many years operated in a seller's market.

In such a scenario the manufacturer could offer outdated models and

also raise prices at will. Little or no attempt was made to control costs or

to offer new products. Lack of innovation restricted the consumers

options to the models offered by these companies.

The number of manufacturers (domestic and foreign) increased

dramatically after the de-licensing of the sector. Increased competition

has forced companies to focus on cutting costs, improve technology and

styling through research. It has also constrained them to limit price

increases.

Availability of easy credit facilities also resulted in creating demand for

automobiles. The car financing market has boomed from a turnover of Rs 7,000

m in FY95 to nearly Rs 35,000 m in FY97.

Structure of Automobile Industries

The Indian automobile industry can be broadly classified into:

2 /3 Wheelers

Passenger Cars

Commercial Vehicles (LCV/HCV/MCV)

UV (Utility vehicles)

Tractors

The models in the car market can be fitted to different segments as given

below:

Category Models

Economy segment (upto Rs Maruti Omni, Maruti 800 etc.


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0.25mn)

Mid-size segment (Rs 0.25-0.45

mn)

Fiat Uno, Hyundai Santro, tata

Iindica,

Maruti Alto etc.Luxury car segment (Rs 0.45- 1mn) Tata Indigo, Honda City, Mitsibushi

Lancer, Ford Ikon, Opel Astra, Hyundai

Accent & othersSuper luxury segment (above Rs

1mn)

Mercedes Benz & other imported

models

The economy segment has a very large foothold over the Indian automobile

market as compared to the mid-size and luxury segment.

Segment Market Share (%)Economy 90.2

Mid-size and luxury 9.8

Source: SIAM/ Auto Car India

Increased urbanisation, low pricing policies, improvement in products

and technology have fuelled demand for 4-wheelers. The markets are

clearly segmented between economy models and premium models. The

easy availability of finance and increased levels of disposable incomes

has led to higher demand for premium models. Rural areas have also

become an exciting market to cater to.

The growth of the economy has also resulted in a shift in consumer

preferences in each of the segment. Gradual shift can be seen in buyersfrom mopeds to economy scooters, from economy scooters to premium

and from premium to motorcycles


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Figure -Structure of Passenger Vehicle Market (India)

Trends in Passenger Car / Utiltity Vehicle Sales


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The passenger car segment has seen rapid growth on the back of rise in

disposable income, increased availability of consumer finance, and

reduction in excise and customs duties. Post-1991, this segment has

seen maximum foreign investment. There is a clear segmentation of

passenger cars based on price and size. While the lower and medium

range cars (Maruti, Ford, Cielo) have been moderately successful,

luxury cars such as Mercedes have found the going tough.

The CV segment is directly linked to industrial production and foreign

trade and is therefore subject to cyclical fluctuations of the economy.

The demand for CVs is related to growth in movement of goods

transported and freight rate levels, both of which are linked to level of

production.

Commercial Vehicle Sales Growth v/s IIP Growth

Demand for utility vehicles and tractors come from rural India. These

vehicles have witnessed steady demand growth over the past few years

due to successive monsoons, better procurement prices, improved

irrigation facilities, and availability of finance.


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A strong in-house R&D capability allows a manufacturer to develop and

introduce products at lower prices, thus saving costs of importing

technology. However, Indian companies spend very little on

R&D.Availability of quality components is another factor that determines

smooth production without bottlenecks. High rejection rate of auto

components has prompted several global majors like Ford, to get their

international suppliers

Strengths of the Automobile Industry

Low labor cost

India enjoys a comparative cost advantage in labour as compared to

western countries.

Skilled Manpower

India has vast pool of skilled manpower and qualified engineers

among the largest in the world.

Availability of Skilled labour

On a scale of 1-10, 1 = low, 10 = high.

Sr. No Country Points.

1 India 8.5

2 Brazil 7.5

3 US 7.4

4 Germany 6.6

5 Mexico 6.6

Availability of Qualified Engineers.

Sr. No Country Points.

1 Germany 7.5

2 India 7.4

3 US 7.2


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4 Brazil 6.4

5 Mexico 6.3

Weaknesses of the Automobile Industry

Low labor productivity:

Cost advantage in labor wages is nullified by the fact that we have

lower labor productivity.

Defect rates high:

We have a higher defect rate about 10 times the world average.

Low Investment in R & D:

The Industry has a very low investment in R & D as compared to their

foreign counterparts which will their sustainability in the future.

Not reached critical mass:

Indian companies are in nascent stage and hence not able to cater to

the requirements of OEMs. Our auto- ancillary industry is of 2.4 bn $

while Fords outsourcing budget is 86 bn $.

Poor infrastructure :

Poor infrastructure like roads, ports, railways which lead to higher

logistics cost and lower reliability.

Opportunities for the Automobile Industry

Global automobile companies are setting up manufacturing facilities in

India. Also, many Indian automobile manufacturers have announced their

plans to increase the export of vehicles from India. The year 2002-03 has

already seen a significant 65% increase in export volumes during the

period April to March. This trend is expected to continue with more global

OEMs sourcing vehicles from their Indian plants.

Additionally, the introduction of newer technologies such as Electronic

Diesel Control Systems to reduce emission levels, safety devices such as

Air Bags, Anti-lock Braking Systems, etc. augur well for the Company and


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the automotive sector as a whole. These technologies not only offer

increased safety for drivers and passengers, but also result in greater

comfort and better drivability.

While there exist many opportunities for growth in business, there are also

quite a few factors, which act as an impediment.

In my last years speech I mentioned about the need for a well thought out

and clearly defined policy on emission norms. It is now fairly certain that

Bharat Stage II norms (equivalent of Euro II norms) will be implemented

countrywide starting 2005. It is important that this plan is implemented in

time in the interest of a cleaner environment. Technology is available to

meet the advanced emission norms using gasoline and diesel fuel; Bosch

and many other companies have proved this worldwide. There is no need

for the authorities to specify the type of technical solution required for this

purpose as long as the end objectives are met.

The spurious and reconditioned goods market, which I also dealt with in

detail in my speech last year, continues to be a worrying factor as it

directly affects our market share. The Company on its part has intensified

the anti-spurious operations by conducting several raids across the

country with the help of local regulatory authorities. Large quantities ofspurious and fake products have been seized and legal action has been

taken against those indulging in such activities. The Company believes

that continued focus and concerted action against spurious activities

would improve safety and fuel efficiency of the vehicles and at the same

time help in expanding our market share in the Aftermarket. The Company

is also continuously educating the users about the benefits of using

genuine spares in place of spurious and reconditioned spares.

The lack of any significant change in the labor law reforms also continues to be a

matter of concern. It is essential that legal reforms be put in place at the earliest to

provide more flexibility in manufacturing operations and enable the industry to

quickly adjust the work force in line with fluctuating market conditions.


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The Challenges Of Automobile Industries

External Level :

Integrating into Global Supply Chains

WTO Multilateral trade regimes

FTAs (i.e. Bi-lateral Trade)

Country Level :

Infrastructure

Cascading effect of Taxes

Cost of Capital

Cost of Power

Inflexible labor laws Inflexible labor laws

Firm Level :

Export as a mind set

QCDDM equation taken for granted

Logistics

Warranties & Liabilities

Challenges for CEOs

Dilemma of Investment

Addressing fast Global Business Environment

Changing mind set of teams

Developing & Employing people with right right skills skills

Focus On Bajaj Auto Company For Three Wheelers

Bajaj auto company is very largest automobile company in india Bajaj has enjoyed the

prestige of having developed RE Two Stroke three wheelers and RE CNG twostroke three wheelers

Detail of RE Two Stroke


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KEY FEATURES Advantage Benefits

Antidive front suspension

Reduce the nose divingtendency during breakingand

provides more drivingcomfort on rough roads

Comfort

TMC brake systemProvide safety incase ofthe brake failed

Safety for driving

Stylish tell-tale indicatorson the dash board

Easy indication ofpetrol/gas mode, highbeam, neutral gear &battery charging.

Convenience

Powerful 100 wattsmagneto

Provides efficient batterycharging

Low maintenance

Petrol mode alsoprovided

Limp home facility

Enables the vehicle toreach the gas fillingpump in the event ofvehicle running out ofgas.

TECHNICAL SPECS
http://www.bajajauto.com/3wheeler_re2spetrol.htmlhttp://www.bajajauto.com/3wheeler_re2spetrol.html


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Engine

Type Two stroke, forced air cooled, SI engine

Bore x stroke, mm 57 / 57

No. of cylinders OneDisplacement 145.45 cc

Compression ratio 10.0 0.7 : 1

Max. Power, kW @ rpm 5.24 kW @ 5000 rpm

Max. Torque, Nm @ rpm 12.17 N.m a@ 3500

Air cleaner type Oil Bath Type

Clutch Type Wet multidisc type

TransmissionTransmission 4 Forward + 1 Reverse

Chassis

Type Monocoque

Suspension

Suspension

Type / DescriptionFront Swing arm with Antidive Link,Rear Swing arm.

Spring Front - Helical coil compression spring,Rear -Helical coil compression spring

Shock absorbersFront - Hydraulic, double acting, Rear Hydraulic, double acting.

Brake

Service brake (Brief description)Single control, right foot operatedhydraulic brakes with TMC

Wheel rim size Front- 3.00 x 8, Rear - 3.00 x 8

Tyre size Front & Rear Front & Rear - 4.00-8, 4PR

Electrical system

System voltage, V 12 V, AC + DC

Battery rating, Ah 12 V, 9 A.h

Wiper motor Electrical

Wiping system (Brief description)Single speed electrical wiper motor with


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Detail Of RE CNG Two Stroke

KEY FEATURES Advantage Benefits

Bifuel-2 stroke engine[uses CNG as main fuel& petrol for limphome]

Very low running costcompared to petrol engine

Higher earnings

Very low exhaust emmisions Cleaner environment

Remote location gasfilling

Convenient & safe gas filling Safety & comfort

Gas regulator with built-inanti-flooding circuit

No gas flooding in thecombustion chamber.

Better startability

Oil pump drive extracted

from clutch shaft.

Fully enclosed & lubricated

drive for oil pump.

Enhanced life for oil

pump & its drivegear.

First stage regulatorprovided on the CNGcylinder

Measures filling pressure &regulates supply pressure.

Safety

Second stage CNGregulator

Easy setting of Power & idlingrpm

Freedom from enginehesitation problems

Stylish tell-tale indicatorson the dash board

Easy indication of petrol/gasmode,high beam, neutral gear& battary charging

Convenience

Antidive front suspension

Reduce the nose divingtendency during breaking and

provides more driving comforton rough roads

Comfort

TMC brake systemProvide safety incase of thebrake failed

Safety for driving

Powerful 100 wattsmagneto

Provides efficient batterycharging

Low maintenance

Petrol mode alsoprovided

Enables the vehicle to reachthe gas filling pump in theevent of vehicle running out ofgas.

Safety

TECHNICAL SPECS
http://www.bajajauto.com/3wheeler_re2s_cng.htmlhttp://www.bajajauto.com/3wheeler_re2s_cng.html


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Engine

Type Two stroke, Forced air cooled, S.I. Engine

Bore x stroke, mm 57 / 57

No. of cylinders OneDisplacement 145.45 cc

Compression ratio 10.0 1 : 1

Max. Power, kW @ rpm 4.9 kW @ 5000 rpm

Max. Torque, Nm @ rpm 10.8 N.m a@ 3500

Air cleaner type Foam element

Clutch Type Wet multidisc type

Transmission 4 Forward + 1 ReverseChassis

Type Monocoque

Suspension

Type / DescriptionFront Swing arm with Antidive Link ,Rear

Swing arm.

SpringFront Helical coil compression spring,Rear Helical coil compression spring.

Shock absorbers Front - Hydraulic, double acting, Rear Hydraulic, double acting.

Brake

Service brake (Brief description)Single control, right foot operatedhydraulic brakes with TMC

Wheel rim size Front- 3.00 x 8, Rear - 3.00 x 8

Tyre size Front & Rear Front & Rear - 4.00-8, 4PR

Electrical system

System voltage, V 12 V, AC + DC

Battery rating, Ah 12 V, 9 A.h

Wiper motor Electrical

Wiping system (Brief description)Single speed electrical wiper motor withwiper arm and blade

Fuel tank CapacityCNG 4kg (29L or 30L Cyl.), Petrol - 3litrs.


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Competitors Of Bajaj Auto Company

Top Bajaj Auto CompetitorsAnalysis of Bajaj Auto's main competitors with details in several key

categories, including: sales, profitability, valuation, and financial ratios. Learn howHoover's business intelligence provides you with an accurate, 360 view of BajajAuto's competitive landscape

1. Tata Motors Ltd.2. Mahindra and Mahindra3. Kerala Auto Company4. Force Motors

Conclusion

Automobiles have become an indispensable part of our lives, an extension of

the human body that provides us faster, cheaper and more convenient

mobility every passing day. Behind this betterment go the efforts of those in

the industry, in the form of improvement through technological research.

What actually lie behind this betterment of the automobiles are the opinions,

requirements, likes and dislikes of those who use these vehicles.

These wheeled machines affect our lives in ways more than one. Numerous

surveys and research are conducted throughout the world every now and

then to reveal one or the other aspect of automobiles, be it about the pollution


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caused due to vehicle population in cities, or rising motor accidents and

causes, vehicular technology, alternative medicine and so on.

Documents

Automobile hemraj prajapat