Automobile Engines and Types

8/12/2019 Automobile Engines and Types

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Automobile EnginesAutomobile Engines

An automobile engine has 2An automobile engine has 2

main types:-main types:-

External combustion engineExternal combustion engineInternal combustion engineInternal combustion engine


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The Engine TypesThe Engine Types

External CombustionExternal Combustion

Combustion of fuel takes placeCombustion of fuel takes place

outside the cylinder in a furnace.outside the cylinder in a furnace.

Unsuitable for mobile applicationsUnsuitable for mobile applications

like transportation.like transportation.

Hot flue gases are used to raiseHot flue gases are used to raise

the pressure and temperature ofthe pressure and temperature of

another fluid.. eg: Steamanother fluid.. eg: Steam

nternal Combustionnternal Combustion

Combustion of fuel takes placeCombustion of fuel takes place

inside the cylinder.inside the cylinder.

Suitable for mobile applications.Suitable for mobile applications.

Hot flue gases are used toHot flue gases are used to

generate mechanical po!er andgenerate mechanical po!er and

then are re"ected back into thethen are re"ected back into the

atmosphere.atmosphere.


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The nternal Combustion Engine

# Almost all the cars use the internal combustion engine.

# The .C. engine uses a four stroke combustion cycle to con$ert

fuel into motion.

%& ntake

%& Compression

%& Combustion

%& Exhaust


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Free Piston EngineThe 'iston Engine has the follo!ing main components:

i. ntake $al$e

ii. Engine (lock

iii. )il 'an

i$. )il sump

$. Camshaft

i. Spark Plug

ii. Camshat

iii. Piston

i!. Connecting "o#

!. Crankshat


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(asic Engine 'arts

n a multi*cylinder engine+ the cylinders usually are arranged in one of three

!ays: inline+ Vor flat orhorizontally opposed.

Spark plugThe spark plug supplies the spark that ignites the air,fuel mixture so that

combustion can occur. The spark must happen at "ust the right moment for

things to !ork properly.

Valves

The intake and exhaust $al$es open at the proper time to let in air and fuel

and to let out exhaust. -ote that both $al$es are closed during compression

and combustion so that the combustion chamber is sealed.


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PistonA piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that mo$es up and do!n inside the cylinder.

Connecting rod

The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. t can rotate atboth ends so that its angle can change as the piston mo$es and thecrankshaft rotates.

CrankshaftThe crankshaft turns the pistons up and do!n motion into circular motion"ust like a crank on a "ack*in*the*box does.

SumpThe sump surrounds the crankshaft. t contains some amount of oil+ !hichcollects in the bottom of the sump /the oil pan&.


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0iesel Engine

A diesel engine also has the free piston

pattern+ but it follo!s the compression

techni1ue.


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0iesel Combustion

# The 0iesel Engine also uses a 2*stroke cycle.

%. Air intake

%. Compress

%. 3uel ntake

%. Exhaust


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The Rotary Engine A rotary engine does ntake+

Compression+ Combustion+Exhaust "obs+ but each onehappens in its o!n part of thehousing. ts kind of likeha$ing a dedicated cylinder

for each of the four "obs+ !iththe piston mo$ing continuallyfrom one to the next.

n a rotary engine+ thepressure of combustion iscontained in a chamber

formed by part of the housingand sealed in by one face ofthe triangular rotor+ !hich is!hat the engine uses insteadof pistons.

The 4a5da 6otary Engine

Cap.:789H'


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The Most Poerful Engine !n

The "orld

This is the engine of a

(ugatti eyron.

t is #$$# %Pand has a top

speed of 29;< km,h.

t is a " %= engine i.e. ithas t!o *>?s !orking

together.

t also has %7 radiators to

cool it.

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Automobile Engines and Types