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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Automatic Transmission Modeling for Shift Quality using Adams/Driveline
Paul Erlandson & Jack S. P. LiuFord Motor Company
Livonia, Michigan(734) 523-5484
Abstract: This paper introduces the use of Adams/Driveline to create a more streamlined approach to full-vehicle modeling for shift quality and transient NVH.
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Presentation Outline
Why Adams/Driveline for Automatic Transmission?
Key Adams/Driveline Features
Typical Adams/Driveline Automatic Transmission Model
Exporting to Adams/Chassis
Sample analysis for shift quality
Conclusions
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Why Adams/Driveline ?
Template-based. Seamless integration of transmission and driveline models.Quicker time to integrate trans/driveline assembly with vehicle model (compared to previous A/View-based method).“Re-integration” is sometimes necessary!Bottom line: Turnaround time to produce integrated Vehicle/Transmission model is reduced by > 70% !
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Key A/Driveline FeaturesConceptual Wet ClutchTorque ConverterPlanetary GearsetRavigneaux Gearset
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Conceptual Wet ClutchAllows relative slip when torque capacity is exceeded.“Locks” when torque demand is less than torque capacity.Torque capacity is calculated from parameters in the clutch property file.Open clutch drag can be modeled.Timing of clutch element is handled via spline data in the clutch property file.
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Conceptual Wet Clutch
Clutch Torque (SFORCE)RoRi
D
dFp
Clamping force:
Piston force:
APF ss =
4)(
)()(2
paap
DtpAtPtF
π==
spc FtFtF −= )()(
Spring preload:
2io
mRR
R+
=
Effective radius:
(s)NRstFtT cmcc sgn)()()( µ=
-1
0.20
-0.2
1
sgn(s)
s
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Conceptual Wet Clutch (property file)
$------------ CLUTCH_DATA
[CLUTCH_DATA]
N_OF_SURFACE = 10 (Nc)
EFFECTIVE_RADIUS = 58.67 (Rm)
PRESSURE_AREA = 11755 (A)
TURNING_POINT_PRESSURE = 0.0 (Ps)
CLUTCH_MU = 0.11 (µ)
OPEN_CLUTCH_DRAG_GAIN_FACTOR=0
TIME_OFFSET = 0
$----------- CLUTCH_PRESSURE[CLUTCH_PRESSURE]{ time pressure}-5.0 500.0-2.0 500.0-1.0 500.00.0 500.01.0 500.03.2 500.05.0 400.08.5 300.08.7 0.010.0 0.020.0 0.0
Clutch Pressure Spline (Pa)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
-5 -2 -1 0 1 3.2 5 8.5 8.7 10 20
Time (sec)
Pres
sure
(psi
)
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Torque Converter
Models torque multiplication of the converter.
Relates turbine speed and torque to impeller speed and torque.
Uses standard converter performance tables, stored in the property file.
Lockup Clutch Modeling.
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Torque Converter
Engine Torque (SFORCE)
)1,01.1,1,99.0,(2 −= r
ri
ii SSTEP)
)(sK(t)N((t)T
1
-1
0sr
)1,01.1,1,99.0,( −rSSTEP
1
FUNCTION = AKISPL (time, 0, id)
Torque Converter:Impeller Drag (Impeller-Turbine)
Ni(t) = engine rpmKi(sr) = capacity factor (K-curve)rt(sr) = torque ratio curve
Turbine Torque (Turbine - Case)
)()1)(()( tTsrtT irto −=
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Torque Converter
Lockup Clutch (SFORCE)
Tp (t) = Tp(t) sgn(s) STEP(sr , s1-,0, s1
+,1)
•
−−= θθ CKTd
Spring-damper Assembly (SFORCE)
-1
0.20
-0.2
1
sgn(s)
s
1
0sr
s1
STEP(sr , s1-,0, s1
+,1)
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Torque Converter (property file)
$-------TORQUE_RATIO{speed_ratio torque_ratio}0.0 1.90.1 1.80.25 1.70.4 1.60.5 1.50.6 1.40.7 1.30.8 1.10.9 0.99
$--- CAPACITY_FACTOR{speed_ratio capacity_factor}0 176.00.1 174.00.2 174.00.3 175.00.4 176.00.5 183.50.6 191.40.7 200.40.8 218.10.9 272.5
Torque Converter K Curves
150
175
200
225
250
275
0 0.5 1 1.5Speed Ratio (Sr)
K-fa
ctor
@M
p200
0176K
Torque Ratio Curves
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2Speed Ratio (Sr)
Torq
ue R
atio
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Planetary Gear Set
Kinematic coupling between Sun, Carrier, and Ring parts.
Uses Adams COUPLER statement, based upon tooth number for each element.
Planetary set backlash is modeled through use of a “dummy” sun and “dummy” ring part.
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Planetary Gear Set
0332211 =++ qqq λλλPlanetary gear set: (3-way Coupler)
S
R
P
C
Where λ1, λ2, λ3 are related to the tooth numbers of sun (S) and ring (R) gears
RandRSS =+−== 321 )(, λλλ
Gear Lash: (Rotational SFORCE)
0θθ0
•
−−= Te
Tl CKT
FUNCTION = BISTOP (AZ (I, J), WZ (I, J, R), θ1, θ2, KT, e, CT, d)
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Ravigneax Gear SetKinematic coupling between Sun, Carrier, and Ring parts.Similar to Planetary Gearset element.
Sun Gear 2
Long Pinion
Short Pinion
Sun Gear 1
Common Ring Gear
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Typical A/Driveline Automatic Transmission Model
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Typical A/Driveline AWD Driveline Model
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Assembled Transmission and Driveline Model
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Exporting to Adams/Chassis
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Integration in Adams/Chassis
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Sample Analysis for Shift Quality
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MSC.Software VPD Conference | July 17-19, 2006 | Huntington Beach, California
Conclusions
Transmission-specific elements in Adams/Driveline make auto trans model creation easier.
Seamless integration with driveline subsystems.
Export to Adams/Chassis speeds up creation of vehicle/transmission model.
Bottom line: Same great results as with our previous Adams/View-based method, but in less time. Internal customers get results more quickly!