Automatic Breaking System in Hill Station Model Report

8/12/2019 Automatic Breaking System in Hill Station Model Report

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Automatic breaking system in hill

station

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1 ABSTRACT 4

2 INTRODUCTION 4

3 BLOCK DIAGRAM 5

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

4.1 ULTRASONIC TRANSCEIVER 6

4.2 AMPLIFIER 6

4.3 MICROCONTROLLER 7

4.4 DRIVER CIRCUIT 7

4.5 BUZZER 7

5 COMPONENTS DETAILED EXPLANATION

5.1 MICROCONTROLLER 8

5.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR 32

6 OVERALL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 36

7 OVERALL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 37

8 PCB DESIGN

8.1 INTRODUCTION 37

8.2 MANUFACTURING 37

8.3 SOFTARE 37 8.4 PANELISATION 38

8.5 DRILLING 38

8.6 PLATING 38

8.7 ETC!ING 38

8.8 SOLDER MASK 38

8." !OT AIR LEVELING 38

2


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CHAPTER NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

SOFTARE

" SOFTARE TOOLS

".1 KEIL 3"

".2 ASSEMBLING # RUNNING 42

AN 8$51

1$ ADVANTAGES 43

11 APPLICATIONS 43

12 CONCLUSION 44

13 BIBLIOGRAP!% 44

3


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5/45

%! &lock #iagram$

5

'icro Controller

Po(er su))ly

*ltrasonic

sensor

&u++er

Crystal

Oscillator

,CD Dis)lay


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-! &lock Diagram E.)lanation$

-!! *ltrasonic transcei/er$

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;( (* , * '=, 0( ,+, ( '(*, ; -,),0 ,00>)0' (9 , 0,/0 >' ,* 0(* ,=9: * ; 0

*)0 '/*, ' )'),< , -(0,/ ( , )*0.

I* 0': 0 ,=9 ,=9' 0 '/*, (=*/ 9(= 0 0,*'+) ; ' (9

(; ,=0)+.

6


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-!%! 'icrocontroller$

T =((*0( )'+ ' AT8"S52.

T AT8"S52 ' , (;(;: /9(=,* CMOS 8>0 =((=)0

;0 4K> ,*+ ,',> ,+ (*< ==(< &PEROM. T+- ' =,*)9,0)+ )'*/ A0=@' /+*'0< *(*-(,0 ==(< 0*((/< ,*+

' (=,0> ;0 0 *+)'00 CPU ;0 F,' (* ,

=(*(0 : 0 A0= AT8"S52 ' , (;9) =((=)0 ; (-+' ,

/ ,*+ ('0990- '()0(* 0( =,*< =>+++ (*0( ,,0(*'.

! 0 =((*0( =(*0(' 0 )0,'(* 0,*'+) ()0)0. I9 0 ' ,*).

-!-! Dri/er circuit$

A +- ' ,* 0, )0 ( (0 0(* (=(**0 )'+ 0( (*0(

,*(0 )0 ( (0 (=(**0: ') ,' , /(; 0,*''0(. T< , )'),

(*'++ 0 +- 9( ()+',': ( , (*'0,*0 -(0,/ )0 0,0 ' ,* ,00,+

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T +- )0 )'+ ' 0( +- 0 >) ;0 0 ,(,0 -(0,/

-'.

-!1! &u++er or Alarm$

A >) ( > ' ,* ,)+( '/*,*/ +-: ; =,< > =,*,:

0(=,*,: ( (0. T)' ,*+ >' *)+ ,,=

+-': 0='.

! 0 >) ;,*' 0 >*+ (' *+,0*/ 0 '* (9 0 (>'0,.

7


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1! CO'PONENTS DETAI,ED E2P,ANATION$

1! 'ICROCONTRO,,ER

A =((*0( &,'( MCU ( C ' , 9)*0(*, (=)0 ' (9 *)0 ,*+ ()0)0.M((*0(' , )'+

* ,)0(=,0,< (*0(+ (+)0' ,*+ +-'.

&ASICS$

A +'/* ; )' , M((*0( 0(

G,0 *)0 9(= -,()' '*'('

P('' 0' *)0 *0( , '0 (9 ,0(*'

U' 0 ()0)0 =,*'=' (* 0 M((*0( 0( +( '(=0*/ )'9).

'E'OR3 T3PES$

RA'$

R,*+(= ,'' ==(


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ARCHITECT*RE O4 AT56S1"

"


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571 Architecture$

8$51 A00) (*0,*' 0 9((;*/H

CPU

ALU

IO (0'

RAM

ROM

2 T='C()*0'

G*, P)(' /'0'

S, F)*0(* /'0'

C0,)' 0 -,) 0( > '0(+ * ==(< ==+,0 (,++ ;0

0 -,) 0,0 ==+,0< 9((;' * 0' ,' 2$ &+=,.

I==+,0 ,++''*/ ' -< 9,'0 '* 0 -,) 0( > (,++ ' *)++ * 0

*'0)0(*. !(;-: '* 0 -,) 0( > (,++ ' 9+ ,0 (=0= 0 ' *(0 -.

Direct A##ressing

D0 ,++''*/ ' '(*,=+ >,)' 0 -,) 0( > '0(+ * ==(< ' (>0,*+ > '* 0 ' '0(+ * 0 8$51@' I*0*, RAM. I0 '

,'( =) =( 9> 0,* I==+,0 A++''*/ '* 0 -,) 0( > (,++ '

;,0- ' 9()*+ ,0 0 /-* ,++''; =,< > -,,>.

A'(: 0 ' =(0,*0 0( *(0 0,0 ;* )'*/ +0 ,++''*/ ,*< *'0)0(* ;

9' 0( ,* ,++'' >0;* $$ ,*+ 7F ' 9*/ 0( I*0*, M=(0;* 8$ ,*+ FF ' 9*/ 0( 0 SFR

(*0( /'0' 0,0 (*0( 0 8$51 =((*0( 0'9.

T (>-()' )'0(* 0,0 =,< ,' ': I9 +0 ,++''*/ ,* ,++'' 9(= 8$ 0()/

FF 9' 0( SFR': (; ,* I ,'' 0 ) 128 >


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I*+0 ,++''*/ ,,' ,' 9((;'H

'O8 A9;R7

T' *'0)0(* ,)'' 0 8$51 0( ,*,< R$.

F( ,=: 0@' ',< R$ (+' 0 -,) 4$ ,*+ I*0*, RAM ,++'' 4$ (+' 0

-,) 67. * 0 ,>(- *'0)0(* ' )0+ 0 8$51 ; 0 -,) (9 R$.

S* R$ (+' 4$ 0 8$51 ; /0 0 -,) ()0 (9 I*0*, RAM ,++'' 4$ &;

(+' 67 ,*+ '0( 0 * 0 A)=),0(. T)': 0 A)=),0( *+' ) (+*/ 67.

I*+0 ,++''*/ ,;, )'+ 0( ;0 , -,) 0( 0 ', (0.

T)' (* =,< 0* 0,0 0 9((;*/ ;()+ > , -,+ '()0(* 0( ;0 0 -,) 1@ 0(

0 ', (0H

'O8 R79:66h L(,+ 0 ,++'' (9 0 ', (0

'O8 ;R79:7hS*+ $1 0( 0 ', (0 RONG

T' ' *(0 -,+. S* *+0 ,++''*/ ,;,


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E.ternal In#irect

E0*, ==(< ,* ,'( > ,''+ )'*/ , 9(= (9 *+0 ,++''*/ ; I ,

E0*, I*+0 ,++''*/. T' 9(= (9 ,++''*/ ' )'),< (*< )'+ * ,0- (0;' ,0+. T , -,()' *'0)0(*' 0,0 ,* =(+9< 0 -,) (9 0

PC '9,,**/ *'0)0(*': +0 ?)=' ,*+ ,': ,*+ 0)*'

9(= ')>()0*'. A++0(*,,**/ *'0)0(*'. T' *'0)0(*' ,)' (/,= )0(* 0( 9((; , *(*

')*0, ,0 9 , 0,* (*+0(* ' 0).

T,: 9( ,=: 0 B *'0)0(*. T' *'0)0(* =,*' )= 9 B0 S0. A*

,= (9 0 B *'0)0(* =/0 >H


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C(*+0(*, >,**/ ' ,< 0 9)*+,=*0, >)+*/ >( (9 (/,= (/ '* ,

+'(*' , ,(='+ >< )'*/ (*+0(*, >,**/. C(*+0(*, >,**/ ,*

> 0()/0 (9 ,' 0 IF...T!EN '0)0) * 8$51 ,''=>< ,*/),/.

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T , 0;( (0 *'0)0(*' ; ,)' , +0 ?)= 0( ()H 0 SMP ,*+ AMP

(==,*+'. F)*0(*,


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T SMP (==,*+: 0 (*+0(*, >,**/ *'0)0(*': ,* (*< ?)=

0( ,* ,++'' ;0* 128 > ,'*/ ' ; ,0),< +( 0 ,>(- (*-'(* 9( 9,=, 0( ','(*+ (/,==' ' 0 LCALL

*'0)0(*. T' ' '=, 0( , G(')> (==,*+ * B,'.

* 0 8$51 )0' ,* LCALL *'0)0(* 0 ==+,0< )'' 0 )*0

P(/,= C()*0 (*0( 0 '0, ,*+ 0* (*0*)' )0*/ (+ ,0 0 ,++''

*+,0+ >< 0 LCALL *'0)0(*.

Returns 0rom Routines

A*(0 '0)0) 0,0 ,* ,)' (/,= 9(; 0( ,*/ ' 0 R0)* 9(= S)>()0*

*'0)0(*: *(;* ,' RET * 8$51 A''=>< L,*/),/.

15


16/45

T RET *'0)0(*: ;* )0+: 0)*' 0( 0 ,++'' 9((;*/ 0 *'0)0(* 0,0

,+ 0 /-* ')>()0*. M( ,),0)0 ' -,,> * 0 '*' 0,0 ; (/,= 9(; (*0*)'

,* > +99*0 , 0= 0 RET *'0)0(* ' )0+ +*+*/ (* 9(= ; 0

')>()0* ;,' ,+ (/*, ')>'0)0+ ;0 0 ;(+ -*0.

A* *0)0 ' 0//+ ;*- , ('(*+*/ -*0 ()'. * 0 -*0 ()':

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', '0(* (9 (+ 9+ 0( ,' ,* *0)0 ,*+. T *0)0 ,*+ 9(='

;,0- ', 9)*0(*' , )+ 0( ,*+ 0 -*0 ,*+ 0* 0)*' (*0( 0( 0

8$51 ,0 ; (*0 (/,= )0(* (*0*)' ,' 9 0 ,+ *- >* *0)0+.

T 0( (9 *0)0' ' '(=;,0 0< ,*+ -< =(0,*0. F( 0,0 ,'(*: ,* *0

,0 ; > ++,0+ 0( 0 0(. F( *(;: ')99 0 0( ',< 0,0 I*0)0' ,* ,)'

(/,= 9(; 0( ,*/.

571 Tutorial$ Instruction Set9 Timing9 an# ,o(?,e/el In0o

I* (+ 0( )*+'0,*+,*+ >00 =, )' (90 8$51: 0 ' *'',< 0( )*+'0,*+

'(= )*+,)+ ,0' ,*+ ;@ 0, =( ,>()0 0 * 0

S, C(==)*,0(* ,0. F( 0 =,*+ (9 0' +')''(* ;@ ,'')= 0,0

;@ )'*/ ,* 11.$5"M


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E990- (9 8$51 *'0)0(*' , '*/*/ )'+: ,* '0=,0 (9 ,>()0 6$$:$$$

*'0)0(*' '(*+ ' =( ,'0.

F( ,=: 9


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T 8$51 (=' )+ ;0 0;( 0=': >(0 (9 ; =,< > (*0(+: '0: ,+:

,*+ (*9/)+ *+-+),0;* -*0': 2 C()*0*/ 0 -*0'

0='-': ( 3 G*,0*/ >,)+ ,0' 9( 0 ', (0.

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>,)+ ,0 /*,0(H A 0= ' ,;,,;,+': 0( 9*+ ,* 8$51

(=,0> =((*0( 0,0 +(' 0.

*SING TI'ERS TO 'EAS*RE TI'E

O>-()'0;* 0;( -*0'.

Ho( long #oes a timer take to count@

F'0: 0@' ;(0 =*0(**/ 0,0 ;* , 0= ' * *0-, 0= =(+ &,' (('+ 0(

-*0 ()*0 =(+ ,*+ (0< (*9/)+: 0 ; *=*0 >< 1 -< =,*


19/45

"21:583 0=' '(*+. U* *'0)0(*''(= (9 ; ) 1 =,* *=*0+ (*

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,,0(*'I ;' =< ;,0 (*< /,*+ (* '(*+ -< 0;( =(*0'

O>-()'


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@- /-* SFR' *,=' 0( =, 0 ,' 0( 9 0( 0=: >)0 * ,0< ,* SFR ,' ,

*)= ,++''. I0 ' (90* )'9) 0( *(; 0 *)= ,++'' 0,0 ('(*+' 0( ,*

SFR *,=. T SFR' ,0*/ 0( 0=' ,H

S4R Name Descri)tion S4R A##ress

T!$ T= $ !/ B


21/45

The T'OD S4R

L0@' 9'0 0, ,>()0 () 9'0 (*0( SFRH TMOD &T= M(+. T TMOD SFR '

)'+ 0( (*0( 0 =(+ (9 (,0(* (9 >(0 0='. E, >0 (9 0 SFR /-' 0

=((*0( '9 *9(=,0(* (***/ (; 0( )* , 0=. T / 9() >0'

&>0' 4 0()/ 7 ,0 0( T= 1 ;,' 0 (; 9() >0' &>0' $ 0()/ 3 9(=

0 ,0 ',= 9)*0(*': >)0 9( 0= $.

T *+-+), >0' (9 TMOD ,- 0 9((;*/ 9)*0(*'H

TMOD &8" SFR

&it Name E.)lanation o0 4unction Timer

7 GATE1

* 0' >0 ' '0 0 0= ; (*< )* ;*

INT1 &P3.3 ' /. * 0' >0 ' , 0 0=

; )* /,+'' (9 0 '0,0 (9 INT1.

1

6 CT1* 0' >0 ' '0 0 0= ; ()*0 -*0' (*T1 &P3.5. * 0' >0 ' , 0 0= ; >

*=*0+ -< =,* 0 &' >(; 1

4 T1M$ T= =(+ >0 &' >(; 1

3 GATE$

* 0' >0 ' '0 0 0= ; (*< )* ;*

INT$ &P3.2 ' /. * 0' >0 ' , 0 0=

; )* /,+'' (9 0 '0,0 (9 INT$.

$

2 CT$

* 0' >0 ' '0 0 0= ; ()*0 -*0' (*

T$ &P3.4. * 0' >0 ' , 0 0= ; >*=*0+ -< =,* 0 &' >(; $

$ T$M$ T= =(+ >0 &' >(; $

A' 0 T=.

$ 1 1 16>0 T=

1 $ 2 8>0 ,)0((,+

1 1 3 S0 0= =(+

%?bit Time 'o#e mo#e 7B

21


22/45

T= =(+ $ ' , 13>0 0=. T' ' , 0,0 ;,' 0 ,()*+ * 0 8$51 0(

=,*0,* (=,0>0< ;0 0' +''(: 0 8$48. G*,< 0 13>0 0= =(+ '

*(0 )'+ * *; +-(=*0.

* 0 0= ' * 13>0 =(+: TL ; ()*0 9(= $ 0( 31. * TL ' *=*0+

9(= 31: 0 ; '0 0( $ ,*+ *=*0 T!. T)': 990-0' (9 0 0;(

0= >0' $4 (9 TL ,*+ >0' $7 (9 T!. T' ,'( =,*': *

''*: 0 0= ,* (*< (*0,* 81"2 -,)'. I9 ()0 3 ( 4 =(*0'.

?bit Time 'o#e mo#e B

T= =(+ 1 ' , 16>0 0=. T' ' , -< (==(*< )'+ =(+. I0 9)*0(*' ?)'0

13>0 =(+ 0 0,0 , 16 >0' , )'+.

TL ' *=*0+ 9(= $ 0( 255. * TL ' *=*0+ 9(= 255: 0 '0' 0( $ ,*+

,)'' T! 0( > *=*0+ >< 1. S* 0' ' , 9) 16>0 0=: 0 0= =,()0 * 0 S, C(==)*,0(*' ,0.

S)lit Timer 'o#e mo#e %B

T= =(+ 3 ' , '00= =(+. * T= $ ' ,+ * =(+ 3: 0 ''*0,(=' 0;( ',,0 8>0 0='. T,0 ' 0( ', 0+ 0( T!$.

T= $ ' * '0 =(+: 0 , T= 1 &.. T!1 ,*+ TL1 ,* > )0 *0(

=(+' $: 1 ( 2 *(=, *=*0+

-< =,*


24/45

F*,

*9(=,0(* ,>()0 0=. T TCON SFR ,' 0 9((;*/ '0)0)H

TCON &88 SFR

&it Name&it

A##ress

E.)lanation o0 4unction Timer

7 TF1 8FTimer O/er0lo(. T' >0 ' '0 >< 0

=((*0( ;* T= 1 (-9(;'.1

6 TR1 8ETimer Run. * 0' >0 ' '0 T= 1 ' 0)*+

(*. * 0' >0 ' , T= 1 ' (99.1

5 TF$ 8DTimer 7 O/er0lo(. T' >0 ' '0 >< 0

=((*0( ;* T= $ (-9(;'.$

4 TR$ 8CTimer 7 Run. * 0' >0 ' '0 T= $ ' 0)*+

(*. * 0' >0 ' , T= $ ' (99.$

A' 0'. T,0@' >,)' 0 (0 4 >0' (90 SFR +(*@0 ,- ,* +')''+ * 0 ,0 0,0 ,++''' *0)0'.

A *; (9 *9(=,0(* * 0' ,0 ' 0 ()=* >0 ,++''. T' ' >,)' 0'

SFR ' >0,++'',>. ,0 +(' 0' =,* I0 =,*' 9 *90 (9 '00*/ 0 / >0 (9 TCON ;0()0 ,*/*/ 0 -,) (9 ,*< (9

0 (0 >0' (9 0 SFR. U'),< ;* (0 $ '*

24


25/45

; ;,*0 0 0= 0( > *+*+*0 (9 0 0*, *'. 16>0 =(+ ' 0= =(+ 1 '(

; =)'0 , T$M1 ,*+ '0 T$M$. E990-0 ; ;,*0 0( 0)* (* ' >0 $ (9

TMOD. T)' 0( *0, 0 0= ; )0 0 *'0)0(*H

MOV TMOD:$1

T= $ ' *(; * 16>0 0= =(+. !(;-: 0 0= ' *(0 )***/. T( '0,0 0

0= )***/ ; =)'0 '0 0 TR$ >0 ,* +( 0,0 >< )0*/ 0 *'0)0(*H

SETB TR$

U(* )0*/ 0' 0;( *'0)0(*' 0= $ ; ==+,0< >/* ()*0*/: >*/

*=*0+ (* -< =,* 0 0= ; : ( 0 A)0(R(,+ =(+ ( * '0 0=

=(+0* ,+*/ 0 -,) (9 0 0= ' '=. %() '=< ,+ 0 1>)0 )0 *()/ 9( 0 0= 0( *=*0 ,/,* ,0 ; 0=

0 -,) (+ (- 9(= 14255 0( 15$. B)0 * 0 (''


26/45

T= $; ' *(; '0(+ * 0 A)=),0(' 0 ',= ,' 0 )*0 T= $

/ >)0 ,0 , 0( $.

*- , 0= overflows 9(= 0@' /'0 -,) >, 0( $: 0 =((*0(

,)0(=,0,< '0' 0 TF >0 * 0 TCON /'0. T' ' )'9) '* ,0 0,*

*/ 0 ,0 -,) (9 0 0= , 0( $. T)': 9 ; ;,*0 0( )'

0 TF 9,/ 0( *+,0 ;* 12$0 (9 , '(*+ ,' ,''+ ; =)'0 '0 0 0=

*0,< 0( 65536 '' 46$7": ( 1":457. I9 ; '0 0 0= 0( 1":457: 12$0 (9 , '(*+

,0 0 0= ; (-9(;. T)' ; (= ) ;0 0 9((;*/ (+ 0( )0 ,

,)' (9 12$0 (9 , '(*+H

'O8 TH79:!/ >


27/45

)0*/ 0' ',= *'0)0(*. A90 12$0 (9 , '(*+ 0= $ ; (-9(;: '0

0 TF$ >0: ,*+ (/,= )0(* ; 0* >, ()0 (9 0 ((.

Timing the length o0 e/ents

T 8$51 (-+' ,*(0 (( 0(< 0,0 ,* > )'+ 0( 0= 0 */0 (9 -*0'.

F( ,=: 0' ',< ; 0 0( (**0 0

/0';0 0( (* (9 0 *': (*'0,*0< ,+ 0 *: ,*+ 0)* 0 0= (* ( (99 >,'+

(* 0 '0,0 (9 0,0 *. 0' ;()+ ;( 9*: 0 8$51 (-+' )' ;0 ,* ,'

=0(+ (9 ,(='*/ 0'.

L((*/ ,/,* ,0 0 TMOD SFR: 0 ' , >0 ,+ GATE$. S( 9, ;- ,;,0 >,)' ; ;,*0+ 0 0= 0( )* /,+'' (9 0 '0,0 (9 0 0*,

*'. !(;-: *(; 0 ;()+ > * 9 ,* 0*, * ()+ (*0( ;0 0 0=

;,' )***/ ( *(0. I0 ,*. A ; *+ 0( +( ' (**0 0 /0';0 0( * INT$

&P3.2 (* 0 8$51 ,*+ '0 0 >0 GATE$. * GATE$ ' '0 T= $ ; (*< )* 9

P3.2 ' /. * P3.2 ' (; &..: 0 /0';0 ' (99 0 0= ; ,)0(=,0,< >

'0(+.

T)': ;0 *( (*0( (+ ;,0'(-: 0 0*, * P3.2 ,* (*0( ;0 ( *(0

() 0= ' )***/ ( *(0.

*SING TI'ERS AS E8ENT CO*NTERS

- +')''+ (; , 0= ,* > )'+ 9( 0 (>-()' )(' (9 */ 0, (9

0=. !(;-: 0 8$51 ,'( ,(;' )' 0( )' 0 0=' 0( ()*0 -*0'.

!(; ,* 0' > )'9) L0' ',< < +99)0: >)0 )' '(= (+.

L0' ',< ; ((+ 0 '*'( 0( P1.$ 0 (+ 0( ()*0 ,' ,''*/ ;()+ ((

'(=0*/ 0'H

27


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NB P1.$: I9 , , ,'*0 ,'+ 0 '/*,: ;,0*/

B P1.$: T * ' / ; =,*' 0 , ' (* 0 '*'( /0 *(;

INC COUNTER T , ,' ,''+ (=0 '0) * 0 NB P1.$: (( ;,0*/ 9( , ,

0( ,'' 9 +(*/ (0 0*/'. O9 ()': 0 , ;,)0 0 (+ )< >(=' >/: (=: ,*+ )/0 0,> 9( 0 TCON SFR 0 2

&TCON.2. R-;*/ 0 ,*,0(* (9 0 >0 ; ' 0,0 9 0 >0 ' , 0* 0= $

; > *=*0+ -< =,* */

*=*0+ -< =,* *=*0+ >< 1.

I0 ' =(0,*0 0( *(0 0,0 0 8$51 ' 0 P3.4 * , *'0)0(* ,> 0( > ,),0< ()*0+ > ,+ (*< ==(< &PEROM. T

+- ' =,*)9,0)+ )'*/ A0=@' /+*'0< *(*-(,0 ==(< 0*((/< ,*+

' (=,0> ;0 0 *+)'00 CPU ;0 F,' (* ,

=(*(0 : 0 A0= AT8"S52 ' , (;9) =((=)0 ; (-+' ,

/ ,*+ ('0990- '()0(* 0( =,*< =>+++ (*0( ,,0(*'.

T AT8"S52 (-+' 0 9((;*/ '0,*+,+ 9,0)'H 4K >0 0=()*0': 9- -0( 0;(- *0)0

,00): , 9) +) ', (0: ,*+ (* (',0( ,*+ ( )0


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PIN DESCRIPTION

8CC$S)< -(0,/.

GND$

G()*+.

Port 7$

P(0 $ ' ,* 8>0 (*+,* >+0(*, IO (0. A' ,* ()0)0 (0: , *

,* '* /0 TTL *)0'. * 1' , ;00* 0( (0 $ *': 0 *' ,* > )'+ ,'

/ =+,* *)0'. P(0 $ =,< ,'( > (*9/)+ 0( > 0 =)0+ (; (+

,++''+,0, >)' +)*/ ,''' 0( 0*, (/,= ,*+ +,0, ==()99' ,* '*'() 9() TTL *)0'. * 1' , ;00* 0( P(0 1 *' 0< ,

3$


31/45

)+ / >< 0 *0*, ))' ,*+ ,* > )'+ ,' *)0'. A' *)0': P(0 1 *' 0,0

, 0*,< >*/ )+ (; ; '() )*0 &IIL >,)' (9 0 *0*, ))'.

P(0 1 ,'( -' 0 (;(+ ,++'' > 0

+- 0( 90 (+ 9(= 0*, (/,= ==(< (,0(*' '0,0*/ ,0 $$$$! ) 0(

FFFF!. N(0: (;-: 0,0 9 ( >0 1 ' (/,==+: EA ; > *0*,< ,0+ (*

'0. EA '()+ > '0,+ 0( VCC 9( *0*, (/,= )0(*'. T' * ,'(

-' 0 12-(0 (/,==*/ *,> -(0,/ &VPP +)*/ F,' (/,==*/: 9(

,0' 0,0 ) 12-(0 VPP.

2TA,$

I*)0 0( 0 *-0*/ (',0( ,=9 ,*+ *)0 0( 0 *0*, ( (,0*/

)0.

31


32/45

2TA,"$

O)0)0 9(= 0 *-0*/ (',0( ,=9.

Port Pin Alternate 4unctions

P3.$

P3.1

P3.2

P3.3

P3.4

P3.5

P3.6

P3.7

RXD &', *)0 (0

TXD &', ()0)0 (0

INT$ &0*, *0)0 $

INT1 &0*, *0)0 1

T$ &0= $ 0*, *)0

T1 &0= 1 0*, *)0

R &0*, +,0, ==(< ;0 '0(>

RD &0*, +,0, ==(< ,+ '0(>

1!" *ltrasonic sensor$

*ltrasonic sensors&,'( *(;* ,' transcei/ers;* 0< >(0 '*+ ,*+ - ;(

(* , * '=, 0( ,+, ( '(*, (hich -,),0 ,00>)0' (9 , 0,/0 > =,')+ ,*+ +',


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-(0< &0 ;,- -(00;* *0, ,*+ ,'00< +-(' *0( , *, ,0(*' >0;*

'0'' ,*+ ,0 -(0< -: -. T ((0(*, 9,0( ' ,+ 0 '9

,()'0 =+,* (9 ,* )0,'(* ;,-

- W &1

;: W ' 0 +*'00;*

=+,* * 0, )0' ,*+ 0 ,()'0 =+,*. T ,()'0 =+,* '

)'9) 9( 0,0*/ 0 0,*'=''(* (9 )0,'(* ;,-' >0;* 0;( =+,: ?)'0 0,0

0 0, =+,* ' 990- 0( ,,0 , ''0,* * ,* ,0*,0*/ 0)*0 )0. F( ,=: 0 0,*'=''(* (9 ,* )0,'(* ;,- 9(= (* =+)= 0(

,*(0 >(=' =,=)= ;* 0 ,()'0 =+,*' (9 0 0;( =+, , ),.

T (*0 (9 )'*/ 0 ,()'0 =+,* ,0;* ')''- =,=, ' 0

(+ T. A0 ,*< 0=: 0 ,=0)+ (9 0 +',=*0 +,'' (+,< ;0

*,'*/ (,/,0(* +'0,* >,)' (9 0' ,00*),0(* >< 0 =,0,. T +'0,*

>0;* ')''- =,=, * 0 ,=0)+ -,,0(* ' ), 0( 0 ;,-*/0 .

4eatures o0 *ltrasonic =a/es$

I0 ' =(0,*0 0( )*+'0,*+ 0 >,-() ,*+ (0' (9 )0,'(* ;,-' * =+,:

0( +'/* )0,'(* '*'(' ,*+ +-( )0,'(* '*'*/ ',' 9,0)'

(9 )0,'(* ;,-' , *0(+)+ .

Ty)es o0 =a/e 'o#es o0 Pro)agationB$

,0 0

/-* 9(= '()0(*' (9 0 ;,- ),0(*' 0,0 +0 ;,- >,-(' >< '(;*/ 0,0

33


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=,0, (0' ,*+ >(+< ', +0,0 0 ->,0(*, '(*' 0( 0 ,+ 9('

0,0 +- 0 ;,- =(0(*. I* '(0: 0 , 0;( 0()*+,< ,*+ ',: ,

,+ >) ;,-'. T;( 0 +9*+ (* 0' >,'' ,' ;,-' * ; 0 ,0

=(0(* ' ,, 0( 0 +0(* (9 0 ;,- (,/,0(*. T ', ;,-' , +9*+

,' ;,-' * ; 0 ,0 =(0(* ' *+), 0( 0 +0(* (9 0 (,/,0(*.

B(0 ;,-' ,* '0 * '(+' >,)' '(+': )* )+' ,*+ /,''': ,- /+0< 0,0

' , ''0,* 0( ', ,' ; ,' (=''- (,+'. !(;-: 0 ', ;,-' ,**(0'0 * )+' ,*+ /,''' >,)' (9 *( ''0,* 0( ', (,+' * ') =+,. *

0 *9)*' (9 0 >()*+,' ( ', (9 ,* (>?0 , (*'++: (0 0,0(*: ,*+ - -',. T =('0 (==(* ;,< (9 /*,0*/ ,*+ +00*/ )0,'(*

;,-' )0' 0 (0 990 (9 , 0,*


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'0,0 0,*'+)' , )'),< )'+: >,)' (9 0 (>)'0*''. A (0 0,*'+)

(*''0' (9 , (0 =*0: 0, (**0(*': >,*/ =,0,': 9(*0 ,,

;,. T 0, * ' (**0+ AC ( DC -(0,/ ')' 0,0 , (90* (,0+ ,0

0 '(*,*0 9)*< (9 0 (0 =*0.

D*+*/ (* ,,0(*': (0 00 0 (0 990: (90* ,+ PVDF &( *(0+ 0,0 0 (0 ,*+ =,/*0('00- 990' /*,< +,'

;0 , ' * 0=,0) ,*+ +',,' ,0 0 C) 0=,0). T' ' , ),

=0,0(* * )' (9 0 )0,'(* 0,*'+)'. * )0,'(* =,')=*0' ,

(*+)0+ ,0 / 0=,0)'. *, 0 C) 0=,0): ,)0(*' , *'',< '(

0,0 0 )0,'(* 0,*'+) +(' ;( ((- 0,0 0 ' *'',< 0( )' '(= ()*/ =+)= 9( =,*/ ,* 990-

)0,'(* */< 0,*'=''(* >0;* 0 0,*'+) ,*+ '=* G': )+' (

/,' , (90* )'+ ,' , ()*/ =+)=. I0 ' 0=< +99)0 0( (*+)0 0)0,'(* =,')=*0' ;0()0 ') ()*/ =+)= >,)' (9 ,*< , /, ( ,/

,()'0 =+,* >0;* 0 0,*'+) ,*+ '=* ')9,.

! Circuit #iagram$

35


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! Circuit #iagram Descri)tion$

36


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U0,'(* '*'(' , (90* ,+ 0,*'+)'. T 9)*0(* (9 0 0,*'+)' ' 0(

(*-0 0, */< *0( =,*, */< ; +0< ('(*+' 0( )0,'(*

->,0(*: ,*+ - -',. T =('0 (==(* ;,< (9 /*,0*/ ,*+ +00*/ )0,'(*

;,-' )0' 0 (0 990 (9 , 0,* 9+ *0( 0 555 0= ,*+ 0 *' , 0,* 0= +99* 0(

,- 0 +'0,* (9 (>'0,. T* 0 ()0)0 (9 0 555 ; > '*+ 0( 0

(*0( 0()/ 36 0 * (9 (0 $.T* 0 (*0( ; ,),0 0 +'0,* (9

0 (>'0, 9 0 ' *, >< 0 ,0 (9 0 >*+ ( =,*' 0* 0 (*0( ;

+- 0 ,,= 0()/ >) )0 (**0+ * 0 370 * (9 (0$.

5! PC& DESIGN

D'/* ,*+ F,>,0(* (9 P*0+ )0 >(,+'

5! INTROD*CTION$

P*0+ )0 >(,+': ( PCB': 9(= 0 ( (9 0(* )=*0 +(='0 ,*+

*+)'0,. S(= (9 0 ,,' ; PCB' , *0*'-< )'+ , (=)0': (''(*0(: 0(==)*,0(*' ,*+ *'0)=*0,0(*.

5!" 'AN*4ATC*RING$

T =,*)9,0)*/ ('' (*''0' (9 0;( =0(+' *0 ,*+ 0: ,*+ *0: ,0 ,*+

0. T '*/ '++ PCB' , )'),< =,+ )'*/ 0 *0 ,*+ 0 =0(+. T

+()> '++ ,0 0()/ Y ( &PT! >(,+' , =,+ >< 0 *0 ,0 ,*+ 0

=0(+.

T (+)0(* (9 =)0 ,(,+' )'' >(0 0 =0(+'. T ** ,< *0: ,0 ,*+ 0 ,90 ''*/ 0

** ,


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! 0 '=,0 0,*'9(=+ * 0( 0 ;(*/ ('0-*/,0- 9='. T )0 '

,0+ (*-**0< 0( ,(==(+,0 (*(=,< ,' =,*< )0' ,' (''> * ,

,*: ; ,* > (,0+ * -< ')* (9 ')>')*0 '0' * 0 PCB (''.

T' ' ,+ *,,0(*. F( 0 PT! >(,+': 0 *0 (,0(* ' +*/.

5!1 DRI,,ING$

PCB +*/ ' , '0,0 (9 0 ,0 (,0(*. V< '=, (' , ++ ;0 / '+

CNC +*/ =,*': /-*/ , ;, 9*' ;0 '' ( *( '=, ( (< 0 0( '' (

,00*/ (''.

5! ETCHING$

O* , =)0,(,+ ' ++ ,*+ 0( '' ( +('0+: 0 =,/ ,-,,>

* 0 9(= (9 , 9= ' 0,*'9+ (* 0( 0 ()0 '+ >< (0( *0*/ )'*/ , +< 9=

*0*/ (''. T >(,+' , 0* 0(< 0 (*-, >(+' 9)+ ,*+ ++ * 0( , =(0* '(+ >,0. =(-*/

0 >(,+ 9(= 0 '(+ >,0: (0 , ' >(;* (* >(0 '+' (9 0 >(,+ 0()/ ,

*-' * 0 =,*': ,-*/ 0 >(,+ '(++ ,*+ -+. T' ' (* (9 0

(==(* 9*'' /-* 0( 0 >(,+'. T)' 0 +()> '++ ,0+ 0()/ ;( *0+

)0 >(,+ ' =,*)9,0)+ ,*+ ' *(; ,+< 9( 0 (=(**0' 0( > '(++.

6 SO4T=ARE TOO,S

6! EI, Assembler$

38


39/45

K +-(=*0 0((' 9( 0 8$51 M((*0( A00) ')(0 -< - (9

'(90;, +-( 9(= 0 (9''(*, ,,0(*' */* 0( 0 '0)+*0 ?)'0

,**/ ,>()0 =>+++ '(90;, +-(=*0.

T *+)'0': D>)//': R,0=

K*': S*/>(,+ C(=)0': ,*+ E=),0(' ')(0 , 8$51 +-,0-' ,*+

+++ '(90;, +-('.

* '0,0*/ , *; (?0: '=< '0 0 =((*0( )// ,),0< '=),0' (* ,' &IC: CAN: UART:

SPI: I*0)0': IO P(0': AD C(*-0: DA C(*-0: ,*+ PM M(+)' (9 ='. A++0(*,.

* /* 0'0*/


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T* ; (( ,>()0 '(= ;+< )'+ ,''=>< ,*/),/ +0-': ')+( (+ ,*+

+,0, 0()0 9,/ >0' ,*+ (; 0< , ,990+ >< ,0=0 *'0)0(*'.

I*'+ 8$51H

R/'0'H

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D$

I* 0 ): /'0' , )'+ 0( '0( *9(=,0(* 0=(,< 0,0 *9(=,0(* ()+ > ,

> (''+ ( ,++'' (*0*/ 0( 0 +,0, 0( > (''+ ( ,++''

(*0*/ 0( 0 +,0, 0( > 90+.

T =,?(0< (9 8$51 /'0' , 8 >0 /'0. T 8 >0 /'0 , ,''9+ *0(

MSB &M('0 S/*9,*0 B0

LSB &L('0 S/*9,*0 B0

0 ,* 8 >0 +,0, 00' =)'0 > >(* *0( 8 )*' >9( 0

' (''+.T =('0 ;+< )'+ /'0' (9 0 8$51 , AC&A)=),0(:

B:R$:R1:R2:R3:R4:R5:R6:R7: DPTR&D,0, P(*0 ,*+ PC&(/,= ()*0.

A (9 0 ,>(- /'0' , 8 >0' 0 DPTR ,*+ PC.

MOV &I*'0)0(*H

T MOV *'0)0(* (' +,0, 9(= (* (,0(* 0( ,*(0. I0 ,' 0

9((;*/ 9(=,0.

MOV +'0*,0(*: '(): (< '() 0( +'0*,0(*.

E,=HMOV A: 55! L(,+ -,) 55! *0( /'0 A

MOV R$: A (< (*0,0' (9 A *0( R$

MOV R1: A (< (*0,0' (9 A *0( R1

1. V,) ,* > (,++ +0< *0( ,*< (9 0 /'0' A: B ( R$ Y R7. !(;- 0(

*+,0 0,0 0 ' ,* ==+,0 -,) 0 =)'0 > (++ ;0 , ()*+ '/* &.

MOV A: 23!

MOV R$: 12!

MOV R5: $F"!

MOV R5: F"! ; ,)' (.

$@ ' )'+ >0;* ,*+ F 0( *+,0 0,0 F ' *)=> ,*+ *(0 , 00.

2. I9 0 -,)' $ 0( F , =(-+ 0( 8>0 /'0: 0 '0 (9 0 >0' , ,'')=+ 0( >

(. F( ,=: * MOV: 5 0 ')0 ; > A$5 0,0 ' A $$$$ $1$1.

3. M(-*/ , V,) 0,0 ' 0(( ,/ *0( , /'0 ; ,)' (.

MOV A: 7F2! 7F2! [ 8 >0' &FF!

4$


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4. A -,) 0( > (,++ *0( , /'0 =)'0 > (++ ;0 , ()*+ '/* & (0;'

0 =)'0 > (,+ 9(= , ==(< (,0(*.

F( ,= \MOV A: 17!]

I0 =,*' 0( MOV A 0 -,) (+ * ==(< (,0(* 17!: ; ()+ ,- ,*< -,).

I* (+ 0( (,+ 0 -,) 17! *0( 0 ,)=),0( ; =)'0 ;0 \MOV A: 17!

N(0 0,0 0 ,>'* (9 0 '/* ; *(0 ,)' ,* ( >< 0 ,''=>. S* 0 ' ,

-,+ *'0)0(*. !(;- 0 ')0 ;()+ *(0 > ;,0 0 (/,== *0*++.

ADD I*'0)0(*H

ADD A: '() ,++ 0 '() (,*+ 0( 0 ,)=),0(

MOV A: 25!

MOV R2: 34!

ADD A: R2 A++ R2 0( 0 ,)=),0(

& A 2534

A5"!

INTROD*CTION TO 571 ASSE'&,3 PROGRA''ING

o 0 CPU ,* ;( (*< * >*,< , (/,=

,+ A''=>.

o A''=>< ,*/),/ ' 9+ 0( ,' , (;- ,*/),/ >,)' 0 +,' +0< ,*/),/ (/,= *0( =,* (+

9( 0 (,0(* (+.

o T(+,< (* ,* )' =,*< +99*0 (/,==*/ ,*/),/' ') ,' BASIC:

PASCAL: C: C: AVA 0.: ,*+ 0' ,*/),/' , ,+ ,' !/-

,*/),/'.

o T / - ,*/),/' , 0,*',0+ *0( =,* (+ >< , (/,= ,+

C(=.

41


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6!" Assembling an# Running an 571 Program$

1. F'0 ; )' ,* +0( 0( 0?] ; 0*'(* 9( 0 '0 9' \'0].

3. A''=> )' , 0+ '0 ,+ **/. T * (/,= 0,'' (* ( =(

(>?0 9 ,*+ (+) ,* ,>'()0 9 ;0 0 0*'(* \,>'].

4. N0 0 \,>'] 9 ' 9+ *0( , (/,= ,+ \O!] &(>?0 0( (*-0

; ,0' , 9 0*'(* \] 0,0 ' ,+< 0( >)* *0( ROM.

571 Data ty)es an# #irecti/es

DB &D9* B * +=,: >*, ; ,''/* 0 (+ 9( 0 *)=>' ( ,,0'

,)0(=,0,


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DATA1H DB 28 +=, &1 *

DATA2H DB $$11$1$1B >*,< &35 *

DATA3H DB 3"!

A''=> +0-'

ORG &O/*H

T ORG +0- ' )'+ 0( *+,0 0 >/***/ (9 0 ,++''.

EÛ &E),0H

o T' ' )'+ 0( +9* , (*'0,*0 ;0()0 ())0

,''(,0 , (*'0,*0 -,) ;0 , +,0, ,> '( 0,0 ;* 0 ,>

,,' * 0 (/,= 0' (*'0,*0 -,) ; > ')>'00)0+ 9( 0

,>.

E,=H

COUNT EÛ 25

MOV R3: COUNT

* )0*/ 0 *'0)0(* \MOV R3: 3 COUNT] 0 /'0 R3 ; >

(,++ ;0 0 -,)25.

A'')= 0,0 0 ' , (*'0,*0 &9+ -,) )'+ * =,*< +99*0 ,' * 0

(/,=: ,*+ 0 (/,== ;,*0' 0( ,*/ 0' -,) 0()/()0. B< 0 )' (9

EÛ: 0 (/,== ,* ,*/ 0' (* ,*+ 0 ,''=> ; ,*/ , (9 0'

()*': ,0 0,* ', 0 *0 (/,= 0 0( 0 *+ (9 0 '() &,'= 9.

7! A#/antages$

43


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A-(+ ,+*0'

R+)' ('(* +)*/ ,*/

S= ;,< 0( )< *(0 0 (>'0,'.

! A))lications$

U'+ * , 0 * T,*'

"! Conclusion$

T (>?0- (9 0' (?0 ;,' 0( +'/* # ==*0 ,* U0,'(*

O>'0)0(* D00(* # D'0,* M,')=*0 +-. A '?0' # ,),0 0 +'0,* (9 0 0,+ (>?0. 0 '0 0( 0

)=*0' 9( ,* )0,'(* ,*/9*+ 0 9((;*/' ,* > (*)++.

_ T ' 0( +00 (>?0' ;0* 0 '*'*/ ,*/._ T ''0)0(* ;0 ')99*0 ,),0< 0( *0,0 ;0 (0 , 9 )'+ ,' , '(*+,: K. 0 ,. 2$$3. O>'0, A-(+,* ,*+ P,0 ,***/ 9( !)=,*(+ R(>(0

U'*/ S0( V'(*.

`2a '' !('0, A-(+,* M(> R(>(0 S


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Documents

Automatic Breaking System in Hill Station Model Report