Automatic Break in Hill Station

8/19/2019 Automatic Break in Hill Station

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AUTOMATIC BREAK IN HILLSTATION


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CONTENTS

• Introduction

• Literature survey

• Block diagram

• Block diagram description

•Advantages

• Application

• Future scope

• conclusion

3SO$%CE CO&E TEC'NOLO() *$NE +,"-!.3///3.33


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INTO%&$CTION

• T0e proposed mec0anism is to reverse 1reak using ratc0et gear2 Blocking t0e dierential t0e dierential is disengaged 4rom t0e a5le2

•

• T0us t0e po7er is directly transmitted to t0e a5le and 0ence to t0e T0is 7ill considera1ly reduce t0e po7er loss in some occasions 70e

un7anted loss is 0appening due to t0e transmission i4 po7er 4rom to t0e ratc0et gear and t0en to t0e a5le and 0ence to t0e 70eels2

• So in mec0anism t0e un7anted po7er loss in t0e due course o4transmission t0roug0 t0e gear 70eel is reduced2



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• A ratc0et is a device 70ic0 is used in ve0icles over a 4e7

decades and when a vehicle is negotiating a turn t

outsi!e wheel travels a greater !istance an! turns

than the insi!e wheel# The ratchet gear is the !ev

trans$itting the %ower to each wheel allows one

to turn "aster than the other#

• &egrees o4 automation are o4 t7o types8 vi92

• Full automation2

•

Semi automation2• In semi automation a com1ination o4 manual eort a

mec0anical po7er is re:uired 70ereas in 4ull automation

participation is very negligi1le2



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• Inertial sensors 0ave 1een used in aircra4t and navigation sy

4or a long time2

• It is not until recently t0at ne7 tec0nology 0as caused t0e p

si9e o4 gyroscopes and accelerometers to make t0em availa

consumer electronics2

• O4 particular importance is t0e


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• Accelerometers measure t0e transactional 4orce encountere

to t0eir acceleration2

• To convert t0is to a velocity t0is output 7ould need to 1e in

once and to convert t0is to a position8 integrated t7ice2

• Accelerometers can use several dierent tec0nologies8 as s

1elo72

• I.C protocol is used 4or inter4acing


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LITE%AT$%E S$%E)

• T0e Bay Area %apid Transit &istrict =BA%T>8 as part o4 its overall service impro

program8 is implementing a 0ig0ly e5i1le turn1ack comple5 at its &aly City

terminal station2

• 0en BA%T completes t0is 4acility and 0as put its ne7 DCD cars =70ic0 can 4u

4ront8 rear8 or mid-train cars> into service8 one o4 t0e operational 4unctions

• in t0e turn1ack area 7ill 1e t0e 1reak-up and make-up o4 trains2 In order to 4a

make-up 1reak-up process and to minimi9e t0e amount o4 train radio trac8

• a control system is 1eing designed t0at 7ill assist in t0e automatic routing o4

assigning o4 speed codes in t0e turn1ack area2 T0is ne7 system 7ill utili9e e5

control concepts and e:uipment as 7ell as upgraded and modied e:uipment



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• %ESEA%C' (A*

• T0e greatest disadvantage o4 0ill 0older mec0anism is

can 0old t0e ve0icle in t0e slope 4or Gust t7o to t0ree

seconds2

• T0oug0 it avoids rolling 1ack8 t0e driver 0as to 1e aler

Besides t0is8 t0e system is e5pensive2

• Besides t0is8 t0e system is e5pensive2

• T0ese s0ortcomings are identied in 0ill 0older mec0a

and t0e 4ollo7ing pro1lems are 4aced 1y t0e driver 70

ve0icle is driven in 0ill roads



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"2


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BLOCH &IA(%A< &ESC%I*TION

• T0e IR TRANSMITTER circuit is to transmite t0e In4ra-%ed ra

any o1stacle is t0ere in a pat08 t0e In4ra-%ed rays reected2

• T0is reected In4ra-%ed rays are received 1y t0e receiver circ

called IR RECEI)ER*#

• T0e I% receiver circuir receives t0e reected I% rays and givincontrol signal to t0e control circuit2 T0e control circuit is used

activate t0e solenoid valve2

•



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• I4 t0e solenoid valve is activated8 t0e compressed air passes to t0e

Acting *neumatic Cylinder2

• T0e compressed air activates t0e pneumatic cylinder and moves t

rod2 I4 t0e piston moves 4or7ard8 t0en t0e 1reaking arrangement a

• T0e 1reaking arrangement is used to 1reak t0e 70eel gradually or

suddenly due to t0e piston movement2

• T0e 1reaking speed is varied 1y adGusting t0e valve is called +,LO

CONTROL )AL)E*#



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O%HIN(

• In t0is 7ork8 %atc0et and *a7l mec0anism is identied to arrest

1ack7ard motion to t0e car2 T0e ratc0et is placed in t0e 4ront dr

and t0e *a7l is tted 7it0 t0e 4rame2 0en t0e ve0icle is moved

0ill road8 t0e lever 0as to make t0e pa7l to touc0 t0e ratc0et2 I4

ve0icle tends to move 1ack7ard direction8 t0e pa7l 7ould stop t

ratc0et to move Counter Clock-7ise direction 7it0 respect to 4ro

70eel2

• As t0e ve0icle is in neutral position8 t0e pa7l engaged t0e ratc0

t0e ve0icle did not move in1ack7ard direction2 So t0e 0and 1ra

not to 1e applied2 0en t0e ve0icle is in moving condition8 t0e

engagement 1et7een t0e ratc0et and pa7l is detac0ed2



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BLOCH &IA(%A<



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&ESI(N OF %ATC'ET AN& *AL• T0e mec0anism is designed 4or t0e loading conditions o


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Three !i$ensional $o!el o" Ratchet / 0awl M

(rey cast iron and C;@ respectively2 Bot0 sur4aced areconsidered to 1e 0ardened2 T0e num1er o4 teet0 onratc0et 70eel is assumed as ".2 T0e 4ollo7ingparameters are considered 4or t0e design o4 t0e

mec0anism2 T0e t0ree dimensional model o4 t0emec0anism is s0o7n in Figure

• SHA,T 1ESI2N


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SHA,T 1ESI2N

e re:uire . s0a4ts in t0is model i2e2 4ront a5le and rear a5le2

For t0at

S0a4t material

EN! Steel

EN! also kno7 as J!J


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BEARIN2 SELECTION

• 3445 6 . Ball Bearing

• Nu$&er o" &earing re7uire! "or 8 a9les : ;

• %adial 1all 1earings consist o4 an inner and outer ring

cage containing a complement o4 precision 1alls2 T0e

standard Conrad-type 1earing 0as a deep-groove

construction capa1le o4 0andling radial and a5ial load

eit0er direction in versatile designs t0at permit relativ0ig0-speed operation2


RATCHET 1ESI2N


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• RATCHET 1ESI2N

• T0e mec0anism is designed 4or t0e loading conditions o


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• ANTI ROLL BACK MECHANISM

• T0e 4a1ricated mec0anism is tted in drive s0a4t 4or te

e5perimentally to c0eck 70et0er t0e 4unctionality 0as

ac0ieved2

• T0e 0and driven lever is turned in 4or7ard direction8 sim

4or7ard motion o4 t0e car8 t0e pa7l does not stop t0e r

to rotate2

• T0e 0and lever is turned in opposite direction

similar to t0e reverse motion o4 t0e car in t0e0ill road8 and t0e pa7l stops t0e rotation o4

t0e ratc0et2 So8 t0e drive s0a4t and t0e 70eels

did not rotate23SO$%CE CO&E TEC'NOLO() *$NE +,"-!.3///3.33


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A&ANTA(ES

• Brake cost 7ill 1e less2

• Free 4rom 7ear adGustment2

• Less po7er consumption

• Less skill tec0nicians is sucient to operate2

• It gives simplied very operation2

• Installation is simplied very muc02



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A**LICATION

• No7-a-days every institution needs automation2 As a p

college automation8 7e 0ave decided to do a proGect

• For automo1ile application

• Industrial application

•



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CONCL$SION

• A ratc0et is a device 70ic0 is used in ve0icles over a 4

decades and when a vehicle is negotiating a turn

outsi!e wheel travels a greater !istance an! tur

"aster than the insi!e wheel# The ratchet gear is

!evice trans$itting the %ower to each wheel alone wheel to turn "aster than the other#



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%EFE%ENCES

• " C2 8 D*us01utton Calling 7it0 a T7o-(roup oiceFre:uency CodeD



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T'ANH )O$22

FO% (IIN( $S )O$% AL$ABLE TI

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Automatic Break in Hill Station