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AUTOMATED DRIVING PUT NEW DEMANDS ON DRIVING EVALUATION
METHODS
Camilla Grane
Ph.D. in Engineering Psychology
Luleå University of Technology
SWEDEN
NEW PROJECT
• NES 2012– Presented a developed method for evaluating driving
performance– Stas Krupenia representing SCANIA AB (trucks)
asked ”what if the vehicles are autonomous”
• MODAS – Methods for Designing Autonomous Systems– Scania– The Interactive Institute– Uppsala University– Luleå University of Technology
NEW PROJECT
• NES 2012– Presented a developed method for evaluating driving
performance– Stas Krupenia representing SCANIA AB (trucks)
asked ”what if the vehicles are autonomous”
• MODAS – Methods for Designing Autonomous Systems– Scania– The Interactive Institute– Uppsala University– Luleå University of Technology
The NES Conference is great!!!
LEVELS OF AUTOMATED DRIVING
• Assisting features– Cruise control– ABS-breaking– …
• Semi-autonomous driving– The car direct or take over action when needed
• Autonomous driving– The car is capable of sensing its environment and
navigating without human input
“THE SELF-DRIVING CAR IS LESS THAN A DECADE AWAY”
• Alan Taub, vice president of Global Research and Development at General Motors, www.autoguide.com
GM, www.AUTOGUIDE.com
MEANING, KITT WILL BECAME REALITY
• Autonomous car in Knight Rider, 1982
ALREADY HISTORY (AS DEMO CARS)
• 1926: Achen Motor demonstrated the radio-controlled "phantom motor car" at the streets of Milwaukee
• …• 1960: RCA Corporation demonstrated a driverless car which drove
on an "electronic highway" – a road with electronics built into the asphalt that could determine the presence and velocity of any metallic vehicle on its surface.
• …• 2001: the US Government demonstrated the ability of unmanned
ground vehicles to navigate miles of difficult off-road terrain, avoiding obstacles such as rocks and trees.
• …• Today there are several autonomous demonstration cars
ONE EXAMPLE…
BMW 5-series CDC ConnectedDrive Connectwww.BMWCOOP.com
THE FUTURE IS CLOSE
THE FUTURE IS CLOSE
The 2014 Mercedes S-Class will have the option of autonomous steering, breaking, lane guidance, accident avoidance, and driver fatigue detection
THE FUTURE IS CLOSE
The 2014 Mercedes S-Class will have the option of autonomous steering, breaking, lane guidance, accident avoidance, and driver fatigue detection
By 2020 Volvo expects accident-free-cars and ”road trains” in which individual cars are electronically guided by a driver in a lead vehicle
THE GOALS WITH AUTOMATED DRIVING
• Increase driving safety• Increase environmental savings• And to make it alright to send that SMS…
NEGATIVE EFFECTS UNKNOWN
• New systems designed to support and help could also cause problems– Cruise-control make drivers passive and affect their
break reaktion time negativelly
• Automation systems will change the role of the driver from active to passive– How passive is OK? Is it OK to fall asleep?
How should autonomous systems be evaluated, what are the possible negative effects???
MEASURING PERFORMANCE
• Evaluation measures used today:– Lane keeping – Break reaktion time– Hazard detection– …
MEASURING PERFORMANCE
• Evaluation measures used today:– Lane keeping – Break reaktion time– Hazard detection– …
• These measures will become meaningless in the future
MEASURING PERFORMANCE
• Evaluation measures of today:– Lane keeping - the car is steering– Break reaktion time– Hazard detection– …
• These measures will become meaningless in the future
MEASURING PERFORMANCE
• Evaluation measures of today:– Lane keeping - the car is steering– Break reaktion time - the car controlls the breaks– Hazard detection– …
• These measures will become meaningless in the future
MEASURING PERFORMANCE
• Evaluation measures of today:– Lane keeping - the car is steering– Break reaktion time - the car controlls the breaks– Hazard detection - the car detects obstacles– …
• These measures will become meaningless in the future
OUR CHALLANGE
• Define the new driver role• Define critical situations• Develop new test methods
• Situation awareness?• Drowsiness?• Alertness?• Trust?• …
• Trustworthiness?• Guessability?• Usability?• …
Camilla Grane
CAMILLA GRANE
M.Sc. in Ergonomic Design and Production Engineering
Ph.D. in Engineering Psychology
Department of Human Work Sciences
Luleå University of Technology, LTU
Main interests:
How to improve safety and human-machine-interaction in vehicles and in the mining industry
