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Autoclave study
Delphine Faugeroux
Office of Sustainability
1
What is an autoclave?An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and supplies by
subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121°C (250°F) for around 15–20
minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents.
2
Autoclave in
Genomics
Building
Capacity:
540 Liters
UCR autoclaves numbers37 autoclaves on campus
Most of them are “Medical-grade” type
Started monitoring two “Steris” autoclaves in August 2015
Entomology = Building #1: One autoclave in the buildingStand alone steam supply ; 24”x36”x36” ; 2001
Live energy monitoring: boiler + autoclave
Also has a water meter that is measured weekly
# of runs per day recorded
Genomic = Building #2: 8 autoclaves in the buildingConnected to steam plant ; 36” ; 2008
Live water monitoring only
# of runs per day recorded
3
Designed for
constant
operation
Water meter
installed on
autoclave in
Entomology
Autoclave Study Goals
How often are autoclaves used on campus?
# of runs per day
Weekend vs weekday
How much water / energy do they use?
During a run / When idle
What are the more efficient options?
Water and energy
How to ensure the procurement of efficient units?
Stakeholders
4
Building #2: WATER – Daily use
No correlation between water use and number of runs 5
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
9/18 9/25 10/2 10/9 10/16 10/23 10/30 11/6 11/13 11/20 11/27 12/4 12/11 12/18 12/25 1/1 1/8 1/15 1/22 1/29 2/5 2/12 2/19 2/26 3/4 3/11 3/18 3/25 4/1 4/8
ga
ls u
se
d p
er
da
y
Daily Water use in Genomics Building
gallons of water used # of runs per day * 1000
39 days with no
use: 15,933 gal
of water
Meeting with a
technician to
reduce the
bleeding valve
flow
Building #2 : WATER – average per day
Since monitoring began: Average of 654 gal/day or 239,000 gal/year
Between 0 to 7 max runs per day
7
0
7
0.56
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
min max average
# runs per day
0
3,362
654
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
min max average
water - gal/day
53%
when
idle
Building #1: WATER and ENERGY
-
5.00
0.46
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
min max average
# runs per day
• Between 0 to 5 max runs per day
• On average, the unit uses 84kWh/day and 30,600 kWh for 1 year, as much as 4.2 ULT
freezers – based on 20kWh/day
8
Low use
Stand alone unit
11.20
222
84
-
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
min max average
energy - Kwh/day
40
3,583
648
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
min max average
water - gal/day
Autoclave study conclusion
Energy intensive: 84kWh/day
Water intensive:
Genomics: 654 gal/day
Entomology: 648 gal/day
Idle: 53% of water consumption
9
For 37 autoclaves :
8,800,000 gal/year
1,134 MWh/year
239,000
gal/year/autoclave
What are the other options on the market ?
10
Capacity up to: 500 Liters
Square Chambers
Use only 45 gal/cycle
No single pass cooling water
Need warm up
time
Cycles are longer
18kW on-demand steam
16,000 kWh/year for 5 cycle/day
New EHS Building – April 2016
Need low input: only for Bio-Hazard AND radioactive waste
Willing to try a different company, train potential users on site and use the unit as
a demo
Willing to add metering and share the data
Metering equipment: $1,200 , require collaboration with IT for internet connection
11
With energy and
water meters
Priorclave: Comparison with autoclave in Entomology
84
648
15.643.8
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
energy - Kwh/day water - gal/day
Energy and water use: Steris - Priorclave comparison for 1 run per day
Steris average Priorclave average
Based on the average of 1 cycle per day
12
81%
saving
93%
saving
New EHS building – case study
13
Cost analysis: Cost of a new unit: •Steris: $52,110 + maintenance : ̴ $3,000/year
•Priorclave: $39,865 + maintenance : based on usage + metering equipment $1,200
Operational costs saved for 1 autoclave: •Energy saving: 25,000 kWh per year saved or a minimum of $2,500/year @ $0.1/kWh
•Water saving : 220,000 gal/year
SAVING 1 years 15 years 20 years 25 years
Energy - $ $2,500 $37,500 $50,000 $ 62,500
Carbon - M Ton CO2 17.6 264 352 440
Water –M gallons 0.22 M 3.3 M 4.4 M 5.5 M
Choose the right autoclave
14
More than 1
run every 2
hours
Every day
Less than
1,000
cycles per
year
“MEDICAL” Grade “RESEARCH” Grade
Vacuum pumps / steam jacket
Constant maintenance
expense
No vacuum pimp / No steam
jacket
Maintenance only relative to
usage
“High-throughput” – designed
for 24/7 hospital use, over a
dozen cycles per day
“Light duty” – less than 5 cycles
per day
24/7 Independent steam
generator
On-demand in chamber steam
generator
Stakeholders for the studyBuilding managers
Autoclave users
Facilities for installation
EHS employees - autoclave users targeted
Architects and Engineers Department
Planning Department for future project/new building
Scientific Procurement Department for replacement
Develop a Procurement Guide for efficient scientific equipment15