AutoCAD Basic Drafting for Begginers

8/11/2019 AutoCAD Basic Drafting for Begginers

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Autocad

Basic Drafting

Prepared by:

Onel k. pabico


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AutoCad Basic Drafting Tutorials

AutoCAD Basic Draft ing

I would like to share here some guidelines on how to use AutoCAD on drawing and drafting. The projects herein are made to enable the reader to learn

some basic techniques and procedures on how to use and manipulates tools and commands. I assume your basic knowledge of the software i dealing with

these chapters.

Project 1 Basic Architectural Plan

Project 2 Structural Drafting

Project 3 Electrical Drafting

Project 4 Sanitary Drafting

Project 5 Mechanical Drafting

Project 6 Fabrication Details 1

Project 7 Fabrication Details 2

Project 8 Fabrication Details z

Project 9 Embedding Excel Documents

Project 10 Embedding Jpeg and Bitmap Objects


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Chapter 1 BASIC

ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING

The purpose of this chapter is to teach the

student some basic procedures in dealing

with the Architectural Plans intended for

drafting. First things first is to organize your

workplace. For this chapter, let us set our

drawing environment scale to meter. There

are 3 kinds of paper size we will use so

definitely 3 title block types also. So that

they will learn also some basic approach on

how to scale viewport .The plan below will

be the subject.

Figure 1


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Setting up the Units

Command: units

Entering the command will show up the drawing units window as shown on the image.

Select meters on the insertion scale. This means that all blocks ( done in metric scale) will

be scaled once it was inserted on the drawing. So you dont have a hard time rescaling

them. What about if the blocks are created in English system? This matter will be discuss

later as we goes on the topic deeper. Then press ok.

Command: layer

Or you may type LA (shortcut command for layer). Now create a new layer. Down below is

some list I created for this chapter. You have an option to change it as long as it will help

you to ease your drafting power. Layering can make your drawing speed more faster. It

helps especially in dealing with multiple drawings. Now set your layer as listed below.

Figure 2

Figure 3


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Use layers to control the visibility of objects and to assign

properties such as color and linetype. Objects on a layer normally assume

the properties of that layer. However, you can override any layer property

of an object. For example, if an objects color property is set to BYLAYER,

the object displays the color of that layer. If the objects color is set to Red,

the object displays as red, regardless of the color assigned to that layer.

To create new layer, just press the icon on Layer Properties

Manager. Pointing on the icon on your Autocad will help to determine which

icon is that, just do some practice and testing. Assigned another linetype in

your layer can be done by pressing the linetype item. This will bring up the

linetype dialog box as shown on figure 4.

If the linetype you want is not shown on the list, you can press Load

button and the linetype window selection will come out as shown on the image

on the right. Then select the linetype you want. Press ok then it will go back to

select linetype ( previous image) then select the newly loaded linetype then

press ok again. This will change the linetype to your layer.

Changing layer color works the same as the linetype. Just press the

color in line the layer and the color picker will pop up.

Another item is the plot layer portion... the printer symbol in line withyour layer. See the layer viewport on the image at Figure 3. This means that

the viewport layer is viewable on your drawing but it cannot be printed. This will

be used as a guidelines only. Just hit the printer icon button to make them on

and off.

Figure 4

Figure 5


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Creating The Walls

First make the wall the current layer. Just

press the layer window on the toolbar

and select wall

Creating walls can be done in many

ways

1. by directly drawing them on your

viewport

2. or by creating reference line

First Option

Command:pl PLINESpecify start point:(press anywhere on the viewport, thenpress F8 to activate Ortho command andmove your pointer up this means thatwe are going to create a pline. Just followthe orientation of the walls on thedrawing given)

Specify next point or[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:8.5

(move pointer to the right)Specify next point or

Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:8

(move pointer down)Specify next point or[Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 7

(move pointer to the rght)Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:3.5

(move pointer down)Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:1.5

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:cl

Figure 6

note: - means enter


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Second Option

Make first one vertical line and onehorizontal line, just enough to cover thearea of the plan given. See figure 7

Then off set the line base on themeasurement given on the plan

Offset the first line

Command: offsetSpecify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer] :8

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]: (select the first line)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :( pick onright side of the line)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]:

Command:offsetSpecify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer] :8.5

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]:(select the second line)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] : ( pick onthe top portion of the second line)Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :

Command:offsetSpecify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] :1.5

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : (select the second ine)Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : ( pick on the top portion of the second line)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :

Figure 7


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Command: offsetSpecify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer] :4.5

Select object to offset or

[Exit/Undo] : (select the firstine)Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] : ( pickon right side of the line)

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :

Completing the command given willshow the same image on figure 8.

Figure 8


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Then trace the necessary line withpline command,

Command: pl Specify start point: pick point 1Specify next point: pick point 2Specify next point: pick point 3

Specify next poin : pick point 4Specify next point: pick point 5Specify next point: pick point 6Specify next point: cl

Figure 9


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You may erase all unnecessarylines leaving just the pline. This willgive you the same as the previousimage as in figure 6.

Command: e

Select objects:1 found

Select objects: 1 found, 2 total

Select objects:1 found, 3 total




Select objects:

Tips: You can also select object bywindow dragging or by windowcrossing. Or you may select f irstthe object before issuing erasecommand.

Figure 10


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Let us assumed that the exteriorwall measures of about .15m and theinterior wall is .10m.

Command:offset

Specify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer] :.075

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]:(select the base wall line)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :( click onthe left side of the line)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]:( select again the base line)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :( click onthe right side of the line)

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]:

Now change the layer of the insideline to hidden. To do this pick theobject ( center line) then press thelayer window and select hidden. Theimage will now look as in figure 11

Figure 11


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CREATING THE INTERIORWALLS

Command:xSelect objects: (select the middleline)

Command:o

OFFSETSpecify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer]: 3

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :( pick 1)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] : (clickon right side of that line)

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :(pick 2)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :(pickon left side of that line)

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :

Specify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer]: 2

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :(pick 3)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :( clickon the bottom side of the line)Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer]: 1.5

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] :(pick 4)Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : (pick on the bottom side of the line)

Figure 12


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Now hide the layers hidden, andoffset the interior wall linesreference

Command:oOFFSET

Specify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer]: .05

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :( pick line 1)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :(click on top and bottom of thatline)

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :(pick line 2)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :((click on top and bottom of thatline)

Select object to offset or[Exit/Undo] :(pick line 3)

Specify point on side to offset or[Exit/Multiple/Undo] :((click on top and bottom of thatline)

Then erase the reference line 1,line 2, and line 3Command: eERASESelect objects: (pick line 1)

Select objects: (pick line 2)

Select objects: (pick line 3)

Select objects:

Figure 13


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Clean up all unnecessary lines

Command:TRIMSelect cutting edges: ( pick onpoint 1 then point 2)

Select objects or :

Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or (Fence /Project / Edge / eRase/ Undo):(select the line between the twoboundary lines, see enlargeimage

Do the same process for theother area having intersectinglines

Figure 14


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The clear drawing will be the same as the image below


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CREATING THE DOORS

Assume the width of the door asfollows

Entrance Door900mm (w) x 2100mm(H)Service Doors800mm (w) x 2100mm(H)Bedroom Doors800mm (w) x 2100mm(H)Toilet Door750mm (w) x 2100mm(H)

Zoom in the area for the mainentrance

Command: zZOOMSpecify corner of window::(pick onpoint 1 thenpoint 2 markon thedrawing)

This willzoom in themainentrancearea

Figure 15

Figure 16


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- Activate your door layer

Then zoom all the drawing,

Command:z

Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or ( ) : a

Now you have the same image as below

Create temporary line in the middle ofthe main entrance

Offset the line .45 up then .45 down Create small rectangle with rectanglecommand.

Trim all unnecessary line as shown onthe figure here.

Create a circle, refer on the image forthe center pointCreate a rectangle as shown on theimageTrim unnecessary lines


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Figure 17


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Now for the bedroomdoor, copy the mainentrance door

Command: copy

Select objects: (selectthe door jamb and thedoor)

Select objects:

Be sure snap is activeby pressing F3

Specify base point or:(pick onfirst point 1)

Specify second point or[Exit/Undo] :(pick on second point 2then press enter)


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Command: sSTRETCHSelect objects to stretch : ( pick on point 1, then on point 2)

Select objects:

Specify base point or [Displacement] :( pick on point 3

Specify second point or : @.1


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Command: miMIRRORSelect objects: (select the door and the jamb

Specify first point of mirror line: Specify second point of mirror line:( pick on the middle of pont as shown on the drawing)Erase source objects? [Yes/No] :

Then clean all unnecessary lines by trim command


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Command: miMIRRORSelect objects: Specify opposite corner: (pick on point 1 then press F10 forobject tracking, if you see the angle at 315degree then pick on point 2)

Select objects:Specify first point of mirror line: Specify second point of mirror line:Erase source objects? [Yes/No] :

Command: move

Select objects: ( select the door and the jamb as shown on the image)

Select objects:

Specify base point or [Displacement] : Specify second pointor : ( assume or location approximate .1 maway from the right wall)


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Command:sSTRETCHSelect objects to stretch: ( pick on point 1, then on point 2)

Select objects:

Specify base point or [Displacement] :( pick on point 3)

Specify second point or : @.05


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Then clean all unnecessary lines with trim command.Do the same for the service door found on the kitchen area.

Copy the bedroom door for the kitchen service door

Command: CopySelect objects: (select the door jamb and the door)

Specify base point or :(pick on firstpoint 1)

Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] :( pick on second point 2 thenpress enter)


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Command: miMIRRORSelect objects: (select the door and the jamb)

Specify first point of mirror line: Specify second point of mirror line:( pick on the endpoint of the small rectangle, press F8 for Ortho, thenpick on the right side as shown on the image )Erase source objects? [Yes/No] :

Then trim unnecessary lines by trim command.Then command zoom all the drawing and your image will be the sameas below

Command: zZOOM

Specify corner of window:: a


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CREATING WINDOWS

Assuming the widthof the windows will be1 bay = .90 m (w)2 bay = 1.80 m (w)Toilet = .60 m (w)

Command: zZOOMSpecify corner ofwindow, enter a scalefactor (nX or nXP), or( pick on point 1)

Specify oppositecorner:(pick on point 2)

The image will now

be like on the firstfigure below


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Blow up image on the Living RoomWall

Create a line in the middle

Command : LinePress F8, press F3, then pick onpoint 1, then on point 2

Then press enter

Command: oOFFSETSpecify offset distance or[Through/Erase/Layer] :.9Select object to offset or : (pickthe line you made)Specify point on side to offset :(pick on top )Select object to offset : (pick againthe line)Specify point on side to offset :(pick on the bottom)Select object to offset or :

Command: recRECTANGSpecify first corner point orSpecify other corner point or[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: d

Specify length for rectangles: .2

Specify width for rectangles: .05

Specify other corner point or[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: (pickon point 2


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Command: MIMIRRORSelect objects: Specify opposite corner:(select the small rectangle)

Select objects:Specify first point of mirror line: (pick onpoint 1)Specify second point of mirror line:( pick on point 2)Erase source objects? [Yes/No] :

Command: trTRIMSelect cutting edges ...Select objects or : (select the small rectangle)Select objects:

Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: (select the two lineinside the rectangle)

Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:

Then change the layer of the two linesinside of the two triangles and also thecolors if you want. Then copy one lineand put it on the middle .


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