PROJECT REPORT

NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

EC316 Microprocessor Lab PROJECT

AUTO PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Synopsis The project we have undertaken is Auto ati Plant Irrigation “yste . This project is taken up as India

is an agriculture oriented country and the rate at which water resources are depleting is a dangerous

threat hence there is a need of smart and efficient way of irrigation. In this project we have

implemented sensors which detect the humidity in the soil (agricultural field) and supply water to

the field which has water requirement. The project is 8085 microprocessor based design which

controls the water supply and the field to be irrigated. There are sensors present in

each field which are not activated till water is present on the field. Once the field gets dry sensors sense

the requirement of water in the field and send a signal to the microprocessor. Microprocessor then

supply water to that particular field which has water requirement till the sensors is deactivated again.

In case, when there are more than one signal for water requirement then the microprocessor will

prioritize the first received signal and irrigate the fields accordingly.

SUBMITTED BY:

Krishan Kumar (82\EC\13)

Md.aslam (101\EC\13)

PROJECT TITLE AND PARTNER DETAILS

Project Title: AUTO PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Student Details: The project was undertaken by:

1. Krishan Kumar (82/EC/13)

2. Md.aslam (101/EC/13).

Submitted to – Prof. Dhananjay V. Gadre

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To complete our project, we are very much

thankful to our Professor Dhananjay Gadre Sir for

giving us this opportunity and guidance throughout

the project. We would also like to thank our

friends for their support and help in making the

project. This project was definitely a milestone in

our career and we learnt a lot more than just

electronics, values of hard work and team work.

We would also like to thank our friends and

classmates especially Kartik goel and Ishaan Kubba

who worked with us and helped at each and every

point of time we needed help and assistance. From

helping us learn EAGLE, guiding to get PCB ready,

helping us through the soldering sessions, getting

Correction’s in code and also final checks

On the project and what not, they were always

with us. It was a really good memorable

experience working with all of them.

We would also like to thank all the staff of the

Department of Electronics of Netaji Subhas

Institute of Technology for providing us with all the

requisites for completion of this project.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. PROGRAM FLOWCHART

5. PROGRAMMING CODE

6. WORKING

7. TESTING

8. MAKING OF AUTO PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

9. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

10. BOARD FILE

11. GANTT CHART

12. CONCLUSION

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

In the fast paced world human beings require everything to be automated. Our life style

demands everything to be remote controlled. Apart from few things man has made his

life automated. And why not? In the world of advance electronics, life of human beings

should be simpler hence to make life more simple and convenient, we have made

AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION “Y“TEM . A model of controlling irrigation facilities to

help millions of people. This model uses sensor technology with microprocessor to make

a smart switching device.

The model shows the basic switching mechanism of Water motor/pump using

sensors from any part of field by sensing the moisture present in the soil.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Various components are used in making the project

which are mentioned below:

1. 8085 Microprocessor

2. 8k ROM 2864 with address Latch

3. 8K RAM 6264 with address Latch

4. Op-amp IC LM324 and Resistors 10K ohm

5. Water pump 12 volt dc

6. LCD display 16x2

7. Decoder IC 74138

8. Power supply

9. Latch 74573 (3)

10. Input buffer 74244

11.10k ohm pot.

12. Led 3mm Red and Green

13. 6 MHz Crystal

14. Capacitors VCC and Ground .1uf

15. Crystal capacitor 22pf

16. USB connector

17. Transistor BC547 and BD139 use of Darlington pair

18. PTR connector, MO2 connector

19. Not Gate IC 7402

20. Omron Switch 10x

21. Polar capacitor 10uf

22. Ceramic capacitor .1uf

23. Zero board for pump Circuit

24. Dc jack

25. 12 volt dc charger supply for pump

26. Mini USB Cable

27. EEPROM Programmer

28. Solder wire

29. Many others comp.

LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an

electric current passes through it. The light is not particularly bright, but in most

LEDs it is monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength. The output from an LED

can range from red.

(At a wavelength of approximately 700 nanometers) to blue-violet (about 400

nanometers). Some LEDs emit infrared (IR) energy (830 nanometers or longer);

such a device is known as an infrared-emitting diode (IRED). An LED or IRED

consists of two elements of processed material called P-type semiconductors and N-

type semiconductors. These two elements are placed in direct contact, forming a

region called the P-N junction. In this respect, the LED or IRED resembles most

other diode.

RESISTOR

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current

in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an

active device such as a transistor. All other factors being equal, in a direct-current (DC)

circuit, the current through a resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance, and

directly proportional to the voltage across it. This is the well-known Ohm's Law. In

alternating-current (AC) circuits, this rule also applies as long as the resistor does not

contain inductance or capacitance.

CAPACITOR

A capacitor is a tool consisting of two conductive plates, each of which hosts an

opposite charge. These plates are separated by a dielectric or other form of insulator,

which helps them maintain an electric charge. There are several types of insulators

used in capacitors. Examples include

Ceramic, polyester, tantalum air, and polystyrene. Other common capacitor insulators

include air, paper, and plastic. Each effectively prevents the plates from touching each

other. A capacitor is often used to store analogue signals and digital data. Another

type of capacitor is used in the telecommunications equipment industry. This type of

capacitor is able to adjust the frequency and tuning of telecommunications

equipment and is often referred to a variable capacitor. A capacitor is also ideal for

storing an electron. A capacitor cannot, however, make electrons. A capacitor

measures in voltage, which differs on each of the two interior plates. Both plates of the

capacitor are charged, but the current flows in opposite directions. A capacitor contains

1.5 volts, which is the same voltage found in a common AA battery. As voltage is used

in a capacitor, one of the two plates becomes filled with a steady flow of current. At

the same time, the current flows away from the other plate. To understand the flow of

voltage in a capacitor, it is helpful to look at naturally occurring examples. Lightning, for

example, is similar to a capacitor. The cloud represents one of the plates and the

ground represents the other. The lightning is the charging factor moving between the

ground and the cloud.

IMAGE OF ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

UNPOLARISED / CERAMIC CAPACITORS

A non-polarized ("nonpolar") capacitor is a type of capacitor that has no implicit

polarity -- it can be connected either way in a circuit. Ceramic, mica and some

electrolytic capacitors are non- polarized. You'll also sometimes hear people call them

"bipolar" capacitors.

SYMBOL

IMAGE OF CERAMIC CAPACITOR

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

Liquid crystal displays (LCD) are widely used in recent years as compares to LEDs. This

is due to the declining prices of LCD, the ability to display numbers, characters and

graphics, incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, Their by relieving the

CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD and also the ease of programming for

characters and graphics. HD 44780 based LCDs are most com LCD pin description

The LCD discuss in this section has the most common connector used for the Hitatchi

44780 based LCD is 14 pins in a row and modes of operation and how to program and

interface with microcontroller is describes in this section.

D7

The voltage VCC and VSS provided by +5V and ground respectively while VEE is used

for controlling LCD contrast. Variable voltage between Ground and VCC is used to

specify the contrast (or "darkness") of the characters on the LCD screen.

RS (register select)

There are two important registers inside the LCD. The RS pin is used for their selection as

Follows. If RS=0, the insures to send a command such as clear display, cursor at home etc.. If RS=1, the data register is selected,

R/W (read/write)

The R/W (read/write) input allowing the user to write information from it. R/W=1, when

it read and R/W=0, when it writing.

EN (enable)

The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins. When data is

supplied to data pins, a high power, a high-to-low pulse must be applied to this pin in order to for

the LCD to latch in the data presented at the data pins.

D0-D7 (data lines)

The 8-bit data pins, D0-D7, are used to send information to the LCD or read the contents of the

LCD„s internal registers. To displays the letters and numbers, we send ASCII codes for

i n s truction command code register is selected, then allowing to mostly use.

The letters A-Z, a-z, and numbers 0-9 to these pins while making RS =1. There are also

command codes that can be sent to clear the display or force the cursor to the home position

or blink the cursor. We also use RS =0 to check the busy flag bit to see if the LCD is ready

to receive the information. The busy flag is D7 and can be read when R/W =1 and RS =0, as

follows:

If R/W =1 and RS =0, when D7 =1(busy flag =1), the LCD is busy taking care of internal

operations and will not accept any information. When D7 =0, the LCD is ready to receive new

information.

CODES COMMAND TO LCD INSTRUCTION

(HEX) Register

1 Clear display screen

2 Return home

4 Decrement cursor (shift cursor to left)

6 Increment cursor (shift cursor to right)

5 Shift display right

7 Shift display left

8 Display off, cursor off

A Display off, cursor on

C Display on, cursor off

E

F Display on, cursor blinking

10 Shift cursor position to left

14 Shift cursor position to right

18 Shift the entire display to the left

1C Shift the entire display to the right

80 Force cursor to beginning of 1st line

C0 Force cursor to beginning of 2nd line

38 2 line and 5x 7 matrix

Pin Symbol I/O Description

1 VSS - Ground

2 VCC - +5V power supply

3 VEE - Power supply to control contrast

4 RS I RS=0 to select command register, RS=1 to select data register.

5 R/W I R/W=0 for write, R/W=1 for read

6 E I/O Enable The 8 bit data

bus 10 DB3 I/O The 8 bit

data bus 11 DB4 I/O The 8

bit data bus 12 DB5 I/O The

8 bit data bus 13 DB6 I/O

The 8 bit data bus 14 DB7

I/O The 8 bit data bus

Power Supply – The 8085 system is powered using an external 5V source

using a Micro- USB (bottom side). Capacitors are used to minimize any kind of noise from

the source on generated in the system due to high frequency switch. Indication LED is

also used to indicate the system is powered on. A XLR-02 connector is provided on the

board to power the matrix.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

PROGRAM FLOWCHART

START

Input/ Output

If volt>2.26 volt

yes

No

Switch On pump and

delay of 10 sec ,

pump is on for 10sec

Increment the

count by one

Store count in reg.

Output the data on LCD

Reset pressed

Halt

Yes

No

PROGRAMMING CODE

WORKING

Our Proje t Auto Pla t Irrigatio syste Based on 8085.In This Project the main use IC is 8085. And Rom ,Ram ,Latch

.In This Project Use moisture sensor Circuit ( use of comparator IC Op Amp LM324).Another Circuit in pump Circuit ( 2

Transistor BC547 ,BD139 Use Darlington pair ).then sensor probes in dry soil then pump and sod led switch on 10 sec

and then both sensor probes in wet soil then pump and sod led switch off 5sec ,pump is not run .after 5 sec again check

and then again if dry then pump run anyway off pump. Increment counter reg. by one after run pump.

TESTING

Testing the Circuit Board, these steps were followed during the testing process:

1. A simple assembly language program was burnt in the EEPROM to check for inputs on

the SID pin and to throw the same as output on the SOD line.

RIM

ANI 80H

ORI 40H

SIM

The output on the SOD pin was indicated using a red LED. The working of this program

ensured smooth functioning of the 8085 and the EEPROM.

2. After check our project Sid Sod then burnt main code in ROM and after

successfully complete run of our project then share video of project by

ECE 311/316 Group.

AUTO PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

1.Soldering Part

DARLINGTON PAIR (BC547 AND BD139

TRANSISTOR)

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

BOARD FILE

GANTT CHART

CONCLUSION

Fi ally, after so a y ups a d dow s, here is our proje t AUTO PLANT IRRIGATION “Y“TEM desig ed y Krisha Ku ar 82/EC/13 and MD ASLAM

101/EC/13.and successfully complete run our project.

We would like to thank Professor Dhananjay Gadre for providing this

opportunity and guidance throughout the project.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• BOOKS

• GAONKAR, R. S., & GAONKAR, R. S. (1996). Microprocessor architecture,

programming, and applications with the 8085.

• DATASHEETS

• http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/74HC_HCT138.pdf

http://www.datasheetarchive.com/8085%20opcode-datasheet.html

• www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/adc0808-n.pdf

• https://8085simulator.codeplex.com.html