Auto-Changeover &

Feeder Automation

Reclosers & Sectionalizers

WHY AUTOMATE?WHY AUTOMATE?

COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

SERVICESERVICEVALUEVALUEQUALITYQUALITYRELIABILITYRELIABILITY

REGULATIONREGULATION

RATES BASED ON RELIABITY RATES BASED ON RELIABITY &&

PERFORMANCE PENALTIESPERFORMANCE PENALTIES

REGULATIONREGULATION

SAIDISAIDI ((SSystem ystem AAverage verage IInterruption nterruption DDURATIONURATIONIIndex)ndex)

SAIFI SAIFI ((SSystem ystem AAverage verage IInterruption nterruption FFREQUENCYREQUENCYIIndex)ndex)

CAIDI CAIDI & & CAIFI CAIFI (Customers)(Customers)

FEEDER AUTOMATIONFEEDER AUTOMATION

There’s more than one way to skin a cat’There’s more than one way to skin a cat’

FEEDER AUTOMATIONFEEDER AUTOMATION

1) SCADA MASTER CONTROLLED AUTOMATION

2) SUBSTATION RTU CONTROLLED AUTOMATION

3) DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE (PEER-T0-PEER Comms.)

4) DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE (No PEER-TO-PEER Comms.)

DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCEDISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE

CURRENT AND VOLTAGECURRENT AND VOLTAGESENSING IS ESSENTIALSENSING IS ESSENTIAL

DISTRIBUTED INTELLEGENCEDISTRIBUTED INTELLEGENCE

TWO BASIC TYPES: TWO BASIC TYPES: 1. Auto1. Auto--Throwover (ATO)Throwover (ATO)

-- PeerPeer--toto--Peer comms.Peer comms.-- Non PeerNon Peer--toto--Peer comms.Peer comms.

2. Loop Automation 2. Loop Automation -- PeerPeer--toto--Peer comms.Peer comms.-- Non PeerNon Peer--toto--Peer comms.Peer comms.

AUTOMATIC THROWOVERAUTOMATIC THROWOVER(Peer(Peer--toto--peer)peer)

ATO automatically switches a critical ATO automatically switches a critical load from the normal supply to the load from the normal supply to the alternate supply and back again.alternate supply and back again.

Communications between controls can Communications between controls can be either radios or fiber optics.be either radios or fiber optics. Does Does not impede SCADA comms.not impede SCADA comms.

AUTOMATIC THROWOVER AUTOMATIC THROWOVER (Peer(Peer--toto--peer)peer)

MASTER: Main supply, normally closed.MASTER: Main supply, normally closed.

SLAVE: Alternate supply, normally open.SLAVE: Alternate supply, normally open.

ATOATO

NORMAL STATENORMAL STATE

Station Breaker: ClosedStation Breaker: Closed

Master: ClosedMaster: Closed

Slave: OpenSlave: Open

☺☺

ATOATOUPSTREAM FAULTUPSTREAM FAULT

Station Breaker: Locks OutStation Breaker: Locks Out

Master: Source Supply DeadMaster: Source Supply Dead

Slave: Load Supply Slave: Load Supply DeadDead

Loss of Preferred Supply to Master Loss of Preferred Supply to Master DeviceDevice

ACO is onACO is onMaster ACR is closedMaster ACR is closedSlave device has supply at the source side and Slave device has supply at the source side and is ready to closeis ready to closeMaster and Slave are in “remote control” modeMaster and Slave are in “remote control” modeMaster ACR load and source are both deadMaster ACR load and source are both dead

ATOATO

Master: Master: Sees dead source side Sees dead source side bushings. After a prebushings. After a pre--set time set time it opens and sends a close it opens and sends a close command to the Slave.command to the Slave.

Slave: Slave: Follows ‘Close’ command Follows ‘Close’ command onlyonly if source bushings show if source bushings show voltage, otherwise it rejects voltage, otherwise it rejects the command.the command.

CRITICAL LOAD CRITICAL LOAD RESTOREDRESTORED☺☺

ATOATO

NORMAL STATENORMAL STATE

Station Breaker: ClosedStation Breaker: Closed

Master: ClosedMaster: Closed

Slave: OpenSlave: Open

☺☺

ATOATODOWN STREAM DOWN STREAM

FAULTFAULT

Fault Location:Fault Location:Downstream of Downstream of Master on Normal Master on Normal Supply Feeder.Supply Feeder.

ATOATO

LINE FAULTEDLINE FAULTED

Master: Master: Through normal recloser Through normal recloser protection settings ‘locks out’ and protection settings ‘locks out’ and does not send a ‘close’ command does not send a ‘close’ command to the Slave.to the Slave.

Critical Load Not RestoredCritical Load Not Restored

AUTOAUTO--RESTORERESTORE

Station Breaker: Locked OutStation Breaker: Locked Out

Master: OpenMaster: Open

Slave: ClosedSlave: Closed

Critical Load OKCritical Load OK☺☺

Restoration of Preferred Supply to Master DeviceRestoration of Preferred Supply to Master Device

AutoAuto--restore is ONrestore is ONSlave ACR is still closedSlave ACR is still closedMaster ACR is still OPENMaster ACR is still OPENMaster & Slave are both in “remote” modeMaster & Slave are both in “remote” modeMaster ACR load & source side are both LiveMaster ACR load & source side are both Live

AUTOAUTO--RESTORERESTOREFAULT CLEAREDFAULT CLEARED

‘MAKE’ BEFORE ‘BREAK’ ‘MAKE’ BEFORE ‘BREAK’ or or

‘BREAK’ BEFORE ‘MAKE’‘BREAK’ BEFORE ‘MAKE’

Station Breaker: ClosesStation Breaker: Closes

Master: Master: Sees source voltage return to Sees source voltage return to normal. After a prenormal. After a pre--set time the set time the master then either: closes and master then either: closes and sends an ‘open’ command to the sends an ‘open’ command to the Slave or it sends an ‘open’ Slave or it sends an ‘open’ command to the Slave then closes command to the Slave then closes depending on setdepending on set--up.up. ☺☺

LOOP AUTOMATIONLOOP AUTOMATION

Automatically restores power to the unAutomatically restores power to the un--faulted sections the feeder normally faulted sections the feeder normally achieved in less than one minute.achieved in less than one minute.

Can be programmed to automatically Can be programmed to automatically restore the reclosers to the prerestore the reclosers to the pre--faulted faulted configuration after the fault has been configuration after the fault has been cleared.cleared.

LOOP AUTOMATIONLOOP AUTOMATION

TYPES:TYPES:

No communications between No communications between devices devices –– stand alone. stand alone. (Can still (Can still communicate with SCADA)communicate with SCADA)

With Communications between With Communications between devices devices –– Peer to Peer and with Peer to Peer and with SCADA. SCADA.

LOOP AUTOMATIONLOOP AUTOMATION

MAJOR DIFFERENCESMAJOR DIFFERENCES

1. With 1. With nono communications, the cost communications, the cost savings are many thousands of savings are many thousands of dollars per recloser.dollars per recloser.

2. With communications, you do not 2. With communications, you do not have to close back onto a fault in a have to close back onto a fault in a limited number of sections of the limited number of sections of the loop.loop.

Loop Automation Basic RulesLoop Automation Basic Rules

Rule ARule A -- A Feeder recloser trips when it looses supplyA Feeder recloser trips when it looses supplyRule BRule B -- A MidA Mid--point recloser changes to “B” Protection point recloser changes to “B” Protection Group and changes to singleGroup and changes to single--shot for a short time when it shot for a short time when it looses supplylooses supplyRule CRule C -- A Tie recloser closes when it detects loss of power A Tie recloser closes when it detects loss of power on one sideon one sideRule DRule D -- A Feeder recloser closes when its source supply is A Feeder recloser closes when its source supply is restored or when it has supply on both sidesrestored or when it has supply on both sidesRule ERule E -- A MidA Mid--point recloser closes when it has supply on point recloser closes when it has supply on both sidesboth sidesRule FRule F -- A Tie recloser trips when it detects 50% reduction A Tie recloser trips when it detects 50% reduction or a direction reversal in the power flowor a direction reversal in the power flow

Loop Automation Network Loop Automation Network

- Feeder trips – OC protection – reclose – Lockout

- Tie closes (rule C)

- Mid-Point trips – lockout (rule B)

AutoAuto--RestorationRestoration

- Feeder closed by operator , re-arms Loop Auto

- Mid-Point will close (rule E)

AutomationAutomationReclosers & SectionalizersReclosers & Sectionalizers

SimpleSimpleReliableReliableCurrent & voltage sensing includedCurrent & voltage sensing includedNo need for external sensing devicesNo need for external sensing devicesSuitable for future planning & automationSuitable for future planning & automationLow CostLow Cost

LOOP AUTOMATIONLOOP AUTOMATION

Interactive Loop Automation Demo. is available Interactive Loop Automation Demo. is available at at

www.nulec.comwww.nulec.com

THANK YOU!