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DRAW COMMAND

OBJECTIVES

General Objective : To understand and apply the concept of draw commands

Specific Objectives : At the end of this chapter you should be able to:

Use and invoke the draw commands.

Draw Lines by the Line command.

Make Arc by using Arc command with 10 different method.

Draw Circles by five options method.

Makes Polylines by using Pline command.

Create an ellipse with three methods.

Draw Polygon, Donut and Solid by using Draw Comand.

UNIT 4

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4.0 INTRODUCTION

Draw commands create objects. An object is the smallest component of a drawing. The

draw commands listed immediately below create simple objects and are discussed in this

unit. Simple objects appear as one entity.

Line, Circle, Arc, Point

Other draw commands create more complex shapes. Complex shapes appear to be

composed of several components, but each shape is usually one object. An example of an

object that is one entity but usually appears as several segment is listed below;

Pline

Other draw commands are combination of simple and complex shapes:

Xline, Polygon, Rectangle, Donut, Spline, Ellipse, Divide, Mline, Solid

Normally, there are three methods that can be used to access draw commands. We can use

eitherdraw toolbar, keyboard entry of the commandorpull-down menu ( Figure 4.1 ).

INPUT 4a

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Figure 4.1: Three methods of using draw commands entry

DRAW COMMANDS

4.1 Line

This is the fundamental drawing command. Use the line command to construct a line

from one endpoint to the other. One or several line segments can be drawn with the line

command. You can specify the endpoints of lines using two-dimensional or three-

dimensional coordinates.

Draw toolbar :

Menu : Draw > Line

Command line : line or type L

From point: Specify a point or press ENTER to continue from the last line or arc

To point: Specify a point

To point: Specify a point, enteru orundo, enterc orclose, or press ENTER

AutoCAD draws a line segment and continues to prompt for points. You can draw a

continuing series of line segments, but each line segment is a separate object. Press ENTER

to end the command.

Draw

Toolbar

Pull-DownMenu

Keyboard

Entry

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For example, the following command sequence draws a single line segment ( figure 4.2 ).

Command : line

From point : Specify a point (1)

To point : Specify a point (2)

To point : Press ENTER

Figure 4.2

4.2 ARC

An arc is part of a circle; it is a regular curve of less than 360 degrees. The arc

command in AutoCAD provides eleven options for creating arcs. An arc is one object. Arcs

are always drawn by default in a counter-clockwise direction. An arc command can be

reached by the following way

Draw toolbar :

Pull-down menu : Draw > arc

Command : arc

There are a number of ways to create arcs. The 3 points arc option is the default for the ARC

command.

3 point arc

This command option identifies the location of the 3 points of the arc. We can use

the keyboard and specify the coordinates or we may use the mouse to point the coordinates.

1

2

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Figure 4.3

Start, Center, End

The radius is defined by the first two points that you specify.

Figure 4.4

Start, center, angle

The angle is the included angle between the sides from the center to the endpoints. A

negative angle can be entered to generate an Arc in a clockwise direction.

Figure 4.5 :

Start, Center, Length

Length means length of chord. The length of chord is between the start and the other point

specified. A negative chord length can be entered to generate an arc of 180+ degrees.

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Start, end, direction

The direction is tangent to the start point.

Figure 4.9

Center, start, end

The option is like start, center, end but in a different order.

Figure 4.10

Center, start, angle

This option is like start, center, angle but in a difference order.

Figure 4.11

start

end

direction

center

start end

angle

center

start

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Center, start, length

This is similar to the start, center, length option but in a different order. Length means length

of chord.

Figure 4.12

Continue

The new Arc continues from and is tangent to the last point. The only other point required is

the endpoint of the arc. This method allows drawing arcs tangent to the preceding Line or

Arc.

4.3 Circle

The CIRCLE command has many options, these include center, radius; center, diameter;

two points, three points; tangent, tangent, radius; tangent, tangent, tangent.

Draw toolbar :

Menu : Draw > Circle

Command line : circle

Circle by Radius Mode:

Use the Circle command and the Radius mode to construct a circle by a radius value

specified by the user. After selecting a center point for the circle, the user is prompted to

enter a radius for the desired circle. Study the prompt below and illustration for constricting

a circle using the Radius mode.

center

start

Length

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Command : CIRCLE

3P/2P/TTR/ : ( Mark the center at A)

Diameter/ : 1.50

Figure 4.13

Circle by Diameter Mode

Use the Circle command and the Diameter mode to construct a circle by a diameter value

specified by the user. After selecting a center point for the circle, the user is prompted to

enter a diameter for the desired circle. Study the prompt and illustration below for

constructing a circle by using Diameter mode.

Figure 4.14

Command : CIRCLE

3P/2P/TTR/ : ( Mark the center at A)

Diameter/: Diameter

Diameter : 3.00

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3 Point Circle Mode:

Use the CIRCLE command and the 3 Point mode to construct a circle by 3 points identified

by user. No center point is required when entering the 3 Point mode. Simply select three

points and the circle is drawn. Study the prompt and illustration below for constructing a

circle using the 3 Point mode.

Command : CIRCLE

3P/2P/TTR/ : 3P

First Point : ( Select the Point at A)

Second point : ( Select the Point at B)

Third point : ( Select the Point at C)

Figure 4.15

2 Point Circle mode:

Use the Circle command and the 2 Point mode to construct a circle by selecting 2 points.

These points will form the diameter of the circle. No center point is required after entering

the 2 point mode. Study the prompt and illustration below for constructing a circle by using

the 2 Point mode.

Command : CIRCLE

3P/2P/TTR/ : 2P

First Point : ( Select the Point at A )

Second point : ( Select the Point at B )

( A )

( B )

( C )

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Figure 4.16

Tangent-Tangent-Radius Mode - Method # 1:

This mode is very powerful when constructing a circle tangent to two entities. Illustrated

below is an application of using the TTR mode to construct a circle tangent to two line

segments. Study the prompt below to create this type of circle.

Command : CIRCLE

3P/2P/TTR/ : TTR

Enter tangent spec : ( Select the line at A)

Enter second tangent spec : ( Select the line at B)

Radius : 1.4

Figure 4.17

Tangent-Tangent-Radius Mode : Method # 2:

Illustrated below is an application of using the Circle TTR mode to construct a circle tangent

to the line segment on another circle. Study the prompt below to create this type of circle.

AB

( A )

( B )

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Command : CIRCLE

3P/2P/TTR/ : TTR

Enter tangent spec : ( Select the line at A)

Enter second tangent spec : ( Select the circle at B)

Radius : 1.3

Figure 4.18

Tangent-Tangent-Radius Mode : Method # 3:

Illustrated below is an application of using the Circle TTR mode to construct a circle tangentto another two circle. Study the prompt below to creating this type of circle.

Command : CIRCLE

3P/2P/TTR/ : TTR

Enter tangent spec : ( Select the circle at A)

Enter second tangent spec : ( Select the circle at B)

Radius : 1.00

( A )( B )

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Figure 4.19

4.5 POINT

Use the point command to identify the location of a point on a drawing. This point may beused for reference purposes. The Osnap-Node or Nearest options are used to snap to points.

By default, a point is displayed as a dot on the screen. This dot may be confused with the

existing grid dots already on the screen. To distinguish point entities from grid dots, use the

chart at the right to assign a new point type; this is accomplished through the Pdmode

system variable. Entering a value of 3 for Pdmode display the point as an X. The Pdsize

system variable controls size of the point. Use the prompts below for changing the point

mode to a value of 3.

Command : Pdmode

New value for variable PDMODE : 3

Command : Point

Point : ( Mark the new position of a point using the cursor or one of the many

coordinate systems )

Use the DDPTYPE dialog box below for dynamically selecting a new point mode and point

size.

( B )

( A )

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Figure 4.20 : Point Style dialog box

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ACTIVITY 4a

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

4.1 Draw the figure below with line, arc and circle command.

Figure 4.21

Figure 4.22

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FEEDBACKTO ACTIVITY 4a

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4.4 POLYLINE

Polilyne is similarly to individual line segment except that a polyline may consists of

numerous segments and still be considered as a single entity. Width may also be assigned to

a polyline compared to regular line segment, which makes polylines perfect for drawing

border and title block. Study both command sequences below for using the Pline command.

Command : Pline

From point : ( Select a point at A)

Current line-width is 0.0000

Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/:

( Mark a point at A)


Width

Starting width : 0.10

Ending width < 0.0000> : ( Strike Enter to accept default)


( Mark a point at B)


( Mark a point at C)

INPUT 4b

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( Mark a point at D)


( Mark a point at E)


( Strike Enter to exit this command)

Figure 4.22

Command : Pline

From point : ( Select a point at A)

Current line-width is 0.0000


@1.00

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Figure 4.23

4.6 ELLIPSE

An Ellipse is one object. There are three methods of creating Ellipse In AutoCAD.:

Specify one axis and the end of the second.

Specify the center and the ends of each axis.

Create an ellipse arc.

Each option also permits supplying a rotation angle than the second axis length.

Toolbar :

Pull-down menu : DRAW > ELLIPSE

Command : ELLPISE

Command : ellipse

Arc/Center/ : PICKor (coordinates) (This is the first

endpoint

of either the major or minor axis.)

/Rotation: PICKor (coordinates) ( This distance ismeasured perpendicularly from the established axis )

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Axis End

This default option requires Picking three points as indicated in the command

sequence above.

Figure 4.24

Rotation

If the rotation option is used with the Axis End method, the following syntax is used:

/Rotation : R

Rotation around major axis : PICK or (value)

Figure 4.25

The specified angle is the number of degrees the shape is rotated from the circular

position.

Center

Rotation = 45

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With many practical applications, the center point of the ellipse is known, and

therefore the center option should be used.

Command : ellipse

Arc/Center/ : C

Center of ellipse : PICK or (coordinates)

Axis endpoint : PICK or (coordinates)

/Rotation : PICK or (coordinates) ( This distance is

measured perpendicularly from the established axis )

The Rotation option appear and can be invoked after specifying the Center first Axix

endpoint.

Figure 4.26

Arc

Use this option to construct an elliptical arc ( partial ellipse ). The procedure is

identical to the Center option with the addition of specifying the start and endpoint

for the arc.

Command : ellipse

Arc/Center/: a

/center: PICKor (coordinates)

Axis endpoint 2 : PICKor (coordinates)

/Rotation : PICKor (coordinates)

Parameter/: PICKor (angular value)

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Parameter/Included/ :PICKor (angular value )

Command :

Figure 4.27

4.7 POLYGON

The polygon command is used to construct a regular polygon. Polygons are

defined by the radius of circle which classifies the polygon as either being inscribed

or circumscribed. Polygons consist of a closed polyline entity with width set to zero.

The following prompt sequence is used to construct an inscribed polygon with the

illustration as a guide.

Toolbar :

Pull-down menu : Draw > polygon

Command : POLYGON

Command : Polygon

Number of sides : 6

Edge/: ( Select a point at A )

Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle ( I/C ) : Inscribed

Radius of circle : 1.00

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Figure 4.28

The following prompt sequence is used to construct a circumscribed polygon with

the illustration as a guide.

Command : Polygon

Number of sides : 6

Edge/: ( Select a point at A )

Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle ( I/C ) : Circumscribed

Radius of circle : 1.00

Figure 4.29

Polygon may be specified by locating the endpoints of one of its edges. The polygon

is then drawn in a counterclockwise direction. Study the illustration at the right and

the prompt sequence below for constructing a polygon by one of its edges.

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Command : Polygon

Number of sides : 6

Edge/: Edge

First endpoint of edge : ( Select a point at A)

Second endpoint of edge : ( Select a point at B )

Figure 4.30

4.7 DONUT

Use the Donut command to construct a filled-in circle. This entity actually

resembles a polyline. The illustration below is an examples of a donut with an inside

diameter of 0.50 units and an outside diameter of 1.00 units. When placing Donut in

a drawing, the multiple option is automatically invoked. This means you can place as

many donuts as you like until another command is selected from one of the three

menu areas or a Cancel or CTRL-C is issued.

Command : Donut

Inside Diameter: ( Strike Enter to accept the default)

Outside Diameter: ( Strike Enter to accept the default)

Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut)

Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut or strike Enter to exit this

command)

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Figure 4.31

Set the inside diameter of a donut to a value of zero ( 0 ) and an outside diameter to

any other values to constructs a donut representing a dot.

Command : Donut

Inside Diameter: 0

Outside Diameter: 0.25

Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut)

Center of donut : ( Select a point to place the donut or strike Enter to exit thiscommand)

4.8 SOLID

The Solid command allows the user to create a fill in area of quadrilateral or

triangular shapes. Two endpoints or intersections are picked as a starting edge of the

solid. Two additional endpoints or intersections complete the opposite edge of the

solid. Study the following prompt sequence and the illustration for creating a solid.

Command : Solid

First point : ( Select the intersection at A)

Second point : (Select the intersection at B)

Third point : ( Select the intersection at C)

1.00

0.50

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Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at D)

Third point : ( Strike Enter to exit this command)

Figure 4.32

It is important how the second solid edge is selected. Instead of the third point being

selected diagonally from the second point as in the illustration, it was selected

adjacent to the second point. This created the hourglass shape familiar to first-time

users of the Solid Command.

Command : Solid






( A )

( C ) ( D )

( B )

( A )

( C )( D )

( B )

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Figure 4.33

Solid edges may be continuously selected as in the illustration below. The key is that

the third point is picked opposite or diagonally from the second point. Follow the

prompt sequence below to create this type of multiple solid.

Command : Solid





Third point : ( Select the intersection at E)

Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at F)

Third point : ( Select the intersection at G)

Fourth point : ( Select the intersection at H)


Figure 4.34

( C )

( F )( D )

( G )

( E )

( B )( A ) ( H )

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ACTIVITY 4b

EXERSICE.

4.2 In this exercise, you use the POLYGON, RECTANGULAR, DONUT, and

ELLIPSE command to draw whirlpool fixture. Try this following step to

complete your exercise.

A) Creating rectangular

1. From the File menu, choose New.

2. Choose the Start From Scratch button, under the Select Default Setting

list, select Metric, then choose OK.

3. From the Draw menu, choose Rectangular

4. Enter0,0 at theFirst corner: Command Prompt. Then press ENTER

5. Enter96,60 at the Other corner: Command prompt

6. Enter2,29 at theFirst corner: Command Prompt

7. Enter10,31 at the Other corner: Command Prompt. Then press ENTER

8. From the View menu, choose Zoom, then choose Extents

B) Using the ELLIPSE command

1. To draw an Ellipse, enterel at the command prompt.

2. Enter5,30 at theArc/Center/: Command prompt. Then

press ENTER.

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3. Enter91,30 at theAxis endpoint 2 : Command prompt, then press enter.

4. Enter25 at the /Rotation : Command prompt. Then

press ENTER.

C) Using the POLYGON command

1. From the Draw menu, choose POLYGON.

2. At theNumber of sides : Command prompt, enter 6, then enter 3,24

at theEdge/ : Command prompt.

3. Enter i for inscribed, then enter 2 for radius. Press ENTER twice.

4. At theNumber of sides : Command prompt enter 6, then enter 3,36

at theEdge/ : Command prompt.

5. Enter i for inscribed, then enter 2 for radius. Then press ENTER.

D) Using the DONUT command

1. From the Draw menu, choose DONUT

2. At theInside Diameter: Command prompt, enter2.5

3. Enter10 at the Outside diameter: Command prompt.

4. At the Center of doughnut : Command prompt, enter48,30. Then press

ENTER.

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FEEDBACK TO ACTIVITY 4b

ANSWERS

4.2

Figure 4.35

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ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

QUESTION 4-1 :

a) List all the options to draw an arc under the Arc Command.

b) Give the suitable method to construct a circle tangent to the line segment on

another circle.

c) Give the options to draw a polygon and what is the

different between it?

QUESTION 4-2 :

a) Draw the figure below with suitable command.

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b) Draw the circuit as in figure in Schematic diagram

without scale with the suitable command

Figure 4.37

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FEEDBACK TO SELF ASSESSMENT

ANSWER 4-1

a) There are 11 options to draw an Arc under Arc Command:

* 3 point arc

* Start, Center, End

* Start, center, angle

* Start, Center, Length* Start, end, angle

* Start, end, radius

* Start, end, direction

* Center, start, end

* Center, start, angle

* Center, start, length

* Continue

b) TTT Tangent - Tangent Radius Mode

c) They are 3 options to draw a polygon

Inscribe of Circle

Circumscribed about a Circle

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A Polygon by edge

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