Upload
elmer-may
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
AutismAutismLisa A. Tobler, MS
Reading Visual Impairments in Infancy, p. 178 Developmental Delay, p. 226 Autism, p. 289 ADHD, p. 387-388 Eating Disorders, p. 499 Depression, p. 534-535
Autism
Complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by:
Impairment in social interaction Impairment in communication Restricted, perseverative
behaviors, interests, and activities
Diagnostic Criteria for Autistic Disorder (299.00)
To receive a diagnosis of Autism, a child must have at least 6 of the characteristics in the 3 areas (note minimums in each area) In one of the areas, onset must be
before age 3
Autism: DSM-IV Qualitative impairment in social
interaction as shown by at least two (2) of the following:•Marked impairment in nonverbal
behaviors• Failure to form developmentally
appropriate relationships• Lack of spontaneous seeking to share
enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people
• Lack of social or emotional reciprocity
Autism: DSM-IV Qualitative Impairment in
communication as manifested by at least one (1) of the following: Spoken language or gesture Ability to initiate or sustain a conversation Stereotyped and repetitive use of
language or idiosyncratic language Lack of varied make-believe play or social
imitative play appropriate to developmental level.
Autism: DSM-IV Restricted repetitive and stereotyped
patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one (1) of the following: Stereotyped and restricted patterns of
interest Adherence to specific, nonfunctional
routines or rituals Stereotyped and repetitive motor
mannerisms Preoccupation with parts of objects
Causation? Genetic influences are the most
likely cause. Several research studies have been
published in the last 5 years pointing to genetic causation. Chromosome 16 was recently implicated.
Environmental factors Toxins?
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Autistic Disorder (299.00) Asperger’s Disorder (299.80) Pervasive Developmental Disorder,
NOS (299.80) Rett Syndrome (299.80)
Autism Spectrum Disorders – confusing terminology
PDD vs. PDD, NOS Asperger’s vs. High Functioning
Autism Autism with or without mental
retardation Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
DSM-IV-TR Criteria for PDD-NOS
Severe and pervasive impairment in the development of reciprocal social interaction along with Communication skills OR Presence of stereotyped behavior,
interests, and activities But criteria are not met for any other
PDD
Rett’s Disorder
CDC Statistics Occur in all racial, ethnic, and
socioeconomic groups Four times more likely to occur in
boys than in girls Parents who have a child with an
ASD have a 2%–8% chance of having a second child who is also affected.
What are the Symptoms? Atypical use of non-verbal behaviors
Eye gaze Gestures Facial expression
What are the Symptoms? Impaired Spontaneous seeking to
share enjoymentJoint Attention
What are the Symptoms? Restricted interests, stereotypies, and repetitive behaviors
What are the Symptoms? Atypical development of spoken language
Language regressionEcholaliaNot turning to name
What are the Symptoms? Atypical social and emotional reciprocity
Responding to name Orient toward people
Things to Note Does the child respond to parental attention Does the child watch the parent for social cues Does the child respond to his/her name
1992
Baseline year
0-30%
31-100%
101-300%
>1000%301-500%
1996
2002
0-30%
31-100%
101-300%
>1000%301-500%
Why the Increase in Cases? The increase in the rate of autism is
because of better diagnosing.• In 1999, the rate of autism was 1 in
10,000 births. • In 2009, it was 1 in 110 according to
the CDC. • This is a 5,000% increase in 10 years.
Ask Yourself??? If this increase is because of better
diagnosing, where are the thousands and thousands of adults with autism who should have received a diagnosis 10, 20 or 30 years ago?