Author(s): Meir Zamir Source: Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 17, No. … · 2016. 4. 29. · Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and 1919 Meir Zamir The purpose of this

Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and 1919Author(s): Meir ZamirSource: Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jan., 1981), pp. 85-106Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4282818Accessed: 29-04-2016 19:01 UTC

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Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and 1919

Meir Zamir

The purpose of this paper is to present, for the benefit of other scholars, statistical data on the population of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, as the available information on this subject is rather vague and insufficient. The figures for 1914 are official Ottoman statistics,' while those for 1919 were compiled by the British Foreign Office and based on estimates and analyses of various sources.2 The fact that the two sets of figures come from different sources is of special interest. Not only does it enable us to fill in the Ottoman statistics where these are incomplete, but also to compare them with the British figures and thereby to examine the accuracy and reliability of the Ottoman data. Such a- comparison is possible as the British figures also relate to the existing Ottoman administrative divisions into provinces and districts.

It has been pointed out in two recently published articles that statistics of the official Ottoman censuses have been largely ignored and are relatively unknown; but although by no means perfect, they are by far the most comprehensive and reliable source available concerning the population of the Empire during the last half-century of its existence. In his article, Professor Shaw emphasises that the Ottomans did develop a reasonably efficient system for counting the Empire's population shortly after such procedures had been introduced in the United States, Great Britain and France, and he considers the Ottoman system to be no less reliable than any other contemporary efforts of other countries in Europe.3 Professor Karpat too, regards the Ottoman statistics as a reliable source for the study of the Ottoman population, and in assessing the accuracy of the census of 1893, he estimates its margin of error as 2 to 5 per cent in developed areas and 6 to 10 per cent in remote areas.4

In fact, from 1831 onwards the Ottoman government attached great importance to the establishment of a system which would provide comprehensive and accurate data of the population throughout the Empire. These data were considered essential not only for the establishment of an efficient system of conscription and taxation, but also for the whole process of modernisation of the country which took place during the Tanzimat reforms. The Ottomans therefore made constant efforts to improve the accuracy of their census system and in this field, as in others, they readily adopted new methods from Europe and sought advice from outside experts. Indeed, by the end of the nineteenth century, an efficient system had been introduced to record the state of the population. Its attachment to the identity card system and the obligation of the individual to use them in dealings with all government departments, made the results far more comprehensive and accurate.

The statistics for 1914 are of special importance as they present the last official figures of the Ottoman population before the outbreak of the First


86 MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES

World War. They (thus) show the situation not only before the large movements of population which took place during the War, but also before various nationalist groups such as the Greeks, Armenians and the Turks themselves began to use distorted figures to back political claims which arose after the War. The figures were not based on an overall survey, but involved modifications of the last census which had taken place in 1905. These modifications were based on reports sent every three months by the registrar's office of each district via the registrar of the province to the Census Department in Istanbul. The reports included information on births, deaths, new registrations and changes of address which had occurred in each district. The Census Department continually updated its statistics in accordance with the new figures and at the end of each year new tables were prepared. This system was closely observed from 1905 onwards and the tables in Appendix A present the state of the population after nearly nine years of systematic modification.5 However, they do not include the entire population of the Empire, as statistics from the provinces of Hedjaz, Yemen, Mosul, Baghdad and Basra, and from the districts of Zor, Mount Lebanon, Assyr and Medina were not completed.6

But how accurate and reliable are these figures? The fact that they were based on the census of 1905, which was the most comprehensive and accurate conducted in the Ottoman Empire, reinforces their credibility. But there is a certain element of doubt as to their reliability, as the document in which they appeared was dated 1919, and was sent by the Ottoman Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British High Commissioner in Istanbul in April that year, while the various nationalist territorial claims were being discus- sed. The document apparently had a political purpose: to present the proportion of Moslems, Greeks and Armenians in the population, thereby to weaken territoriaf claims raised by the Greeks and Armenians. For this reason the document includes, in addition to the tables in Appendix A, other tables which compare the percentage of Moslems, Greeks and Armenians of the total population according to Cuinet's Turquie d'Asie of 1892, the French Livre Jaune from 1897 and the Ottoman Official Statistics from 1914. Moreover, a note in the document stresses that as its figures present the situation in 1914 and do not take into account the movements of Moslem, Greek and Armenian refugees, they are therefore 'in favour of the non-Moslem elements.'

In spite of these reservations, it seems that the official Ottoman statistics do reflect the state of the population as it was in 1914 and were not 'adjusted' for political purposes; but this can only be established when the original figures for 1914 are examined in Turkish archives. The British themselves held conflicting views as to the accuracy of the Turkish figures. Some regarded them as inaccurate, while others considered them as 'the best and most complete of any yet published for Asia Minor'.'

The British figures were prepared at the end of 1919 by the Geographical Section of the Foreign Office which was seeking reliable data on the size of the population of the Ottoman Empire. The British suspected that the statistics they were receiving from various nationalist sources were fre- quently distorted and they therefore preferred to prepare their own esti-


POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 87

mates. In forming their estimates and analyses, they used, in addition to the official Ottoman statistics for 1914, Turkish figures for 1917 and data from Greek and Armenian sources based on information received from the religious leaders of the two communities. However, they mainly based their figures on a report entitled 'Population of Asiatic Turkey at the outbreak of the War' prepared in 1919 by Professor D. Magie, who was a member of the American delegation to the Peace Conference in Paris. I have not been able to see this report, and there is no information in the British documents on the sources on which Professor Magie based his figures. Nevertheless, the fact that the British regarded them as 'strictly impartial' and preferred to use these rather than any other sources, adds to their credibility.8

With regard to the population statistics on Mesopotamia, these are based on a census taken by the British authorities towards the end of 1919 and can be considered more accurate. Although the British give figures for the three Mesopotamian Vilayets of Baghdad, Basra and Mosul, it appears that this division does not always coincide with the Ottoman administrative division. Nevertheless, it is still possible to use them to complete the missing Ottoman figures for these provinces.

When comparing the official Ottoman statistics from 1914 with the British figures from 1919, it is possible to discern in the former a continuous understatement of the non-Moslem population throughout the Empire. This is particularly obvious when one compares the figures for the Greek Orthodox community in the Smyrna district and the Armenians in the eastern provinces. For the Smyrna district, the British statistics for the Greek Orthodox are 70 per cent higher than those of the Ottomans (375,000 compared with 219,647) and in the Aidin district more than double (44,000 compared with 20,697). However, it seems that the Ottoman statistics for the Greek Orthodox omit the Hellenic Greeks who were not considered to be Ottoman citizens. The same disparity appears in the figures for the Armenians in the provinces of Van, Bitlis, Mamurat al-Aziz, Diarbakir, Erzeroum and the independent district of Marah, where the British figures are 62 per cent higher, (847,000 compared with 523,065).

The understatement of the non-Moslem figures appears to be intentional, but it must be taken into account that many non-Moslems avoided registration for fear of conscription and taxation. A certain understatement of their numbers may therefore already have existed in the census of 1905, in which religious leaders of the various millets took an active part. In this case, it would have continued in the figures for the subsequent years. Moreover, the tendency to avoid registration probably increased after 1908 when non- Moslems were obliged to serve in the army.

With regard to the statistics for the Moslems, the discrepancies between the Ottoman and British figures are minimal. In some cases, the British give lower figures, for example 7 per cent in the province of Angora (818,000 compared with 875,285) and 8 per cent in the province of Trebizon (848,000 compared with 921,128). In other cases the British figures are higher: 4 per cent for the province of Sivas (977,000 compared with 939,735). From this comparison it can be concluded that in spite of the inaccuracy of the official Ottoman statistics, especially with regard to the



non-Moslem population, they may still be considered as a useful source for the study of the population during the final years of the Ottoman Empire.

NOTES

1. Appendix A: Tableaux indiquant le nombre des divers elements de la population dans l'Empire Ottoman au 1 Mars 1330 (14 Mars 1914), Constantinople, 14.4.1919, in FO 371/4229, no. 86552, 24.5.1919, from the British High Commissioner in Constantinople to the Foreign Office. Crown copyright records reproduced by permission of the Controller, H.M.S.O.

2. Appendix B: Estimate and Analysis of the population of Turkey-in-Asia by Vilayets and Sanjaks, prepared by the Geographical Section of the Foreign Office, FO 371/4239, 151342/160318, 25.3.1920.

3. Shaw, S. J., 'The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831-1914', International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 9, no. 3, (August 1978), pp. 325-338.

4. Karpat, K., 'Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82-1893', International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 9, no. 2, (May 1978), pp. 237-274.

5. From 1911 to 1914 the Census Department did not issue annual official figures for the Empire's population, Karpat, loc. cit., p. 250, note 35.

6. These details are included in the Introduction to the Official Ottoman Statistics of 1914. The Introduction also describes the procedures by which the 1905 census was compiled, FO 371/4229, no. 86552, 24.5.1919.

7. FO 371/4239, 151342/164676, Memorandum on the population of the Sanjak and city of Smyrna, Geographical Section of the Foreign Office, 29.12.1919; and 151342/165698, Note on the present population of Turkey, 12.12.1919.

8. Ibid.


POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE O0TOMAN EMPIRE 89

APPENDIX A

POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 14 MARCH 1914

MUSULMANS GRECS (a) ARMENIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITES Aut res

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion e1l'ements

0/00 0/00 0/00

IA VILLE DE STAMBOUL 279,056 721 64,319 196 28,316 73 15,201 386,892

Caza de Makri-Keuy 28,976 617 11,267 270 5,960 127 702 46,896 des Iles des

Princes 1,586 143 8,730 786 658 59 113 11,087 Pera et cote d'Europe du Bosphore 117,267 449 76, 244 290 31, 381 120 36, 203 261,095

Sandjak d'Uskudar et c8te d'Asie du Bosphore 70,447 636 19,863 177 14,189 127 7,144 111,643

Caza de Guebze 26,220 815 5,856 182 47 1 21 32,144 Kartal 8,257 449 6,862 373 3, 216 174 13 18,348 Beykoz 14,466 769 3,708 197 326 17 292 18,792 Schile 14,168 613 8,913 386 - - - 23,081

Total du Vilayet de Stamboul 560, 434 615 205,762 225 84,093 92 59,689 909,978

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET D'ANDRINOPLE 53, 731 490 36,267 331 4, 536 41 15, 015 109,549

Caza de Moustafa Pacha 11,857 637 6,134 335 - - 568 18,559 Seymenli 4, 594 520 4, 235 478 1 - 10 8,840 Lala Pacha 13,987 881 1,878 118 - - - 15,865 Dimetoka 20,110 438 24,447 532 174 - 1,211 45,942 Ouzoun-Keupru 26,483 648 13,711 335 81 - 581 40,856

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kirkklisse 22, 022 568 14,154 365 - - 2, 586 38,762

Caza de Lule-Bourgas 14, 777 804 3,125 169 64 - 434 18,400 Babai-Atik 16,749 881 2,195 115 - - 48 18,992 Vize 10, 020 710 4,089 286 - - - 14,109 Demir-Keui 4, 023 440 5,110 559 - - - 9,133 Bunar-Hissar 10, 976 778 3,126 221 - - - 14,102

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Rodosto 19,484 557 4,618 132 9,256 265 1,566 34,924

Caza de Tchorlou 13, 858 685 3, 415 169 1,678 83 1,251 20,202 Malgara 24,857 588 14,699 344 2,658 62 - 42,214 Hairebolo 19,914 827 3,971 161 193 8 - 24,078 Serai 16,990 892 2, 035 106 1 - 4 19,030

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Gallipoli 8,220 292 16,137 573 1,190 42 2,576 28,123

Caza de Keschon 15,221 496 15,371 501 51 1 1 30,644 d'Ipsala 11,296 617 7,007 382 - - - 18, 303 de Scharkeui 5, 604 337 11,009 662 - - - 16,613 Myriophte 2,730 162 14,146 838 - - - 16,876 Enos 5, 523 596 3, 509 377 - - 234 9,266 Adjeabad 7,391 417 10, 292 581 5 - 24 10,712

Total du Vilayet d'Andrinople 360, 417 571 224, 680 353 19,888 31 26,109 631,094



MUSULMANS GRECS ARMgNIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITES Aut res

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion ibl'ments

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du

VILAYET D'ADANA 71,617 768 3,175 34 16,850 180 1,575 93,217

Caza de Djihan 16,068 971 110 6 348 21 12 16,538 Kara-Issalou 27,771 999 - - 20 - - 27,791

Yumurtalik 6,694 920 60 8 520 71 - 7,274


Sandjak de Kozan 20, 763 835 - - 4,067 164 - 24,830

Caza de Hadjin 16,972 556 3 - 13,550 443 - 30,525 Fekke 13,170 732 1,789 104 2,940 163 - 17,989 Kars 16,989 932 16 - 1,207 67 - 18,213

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Djebe1- B8r8ket 13,193 944 16 1 759 54 1 13,969

Caza de Deurtt-Yol 15,495 678 280 11 7,046 308 24 22,845 n Islahie 10,927 956 - - 500 43 - 11,427 " Baghtch* Boulanik 14, 643 773 - - 4,291 226 - 18,934

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Mersine 27,844 885 2,346 74 900 28 344 31,434

Caza de Tarsus 60,947 927 1,055 16 3,364 51 335 65,701 Total du Vilayet d'Adana 341,903 831 8,974 21 57,686 140 2,460 411,023

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DuAIDIN 100,356 475 73,636 349 11,127 52 25,854 211,013

Caza de Pergame 56,812 754 16,841 223 968 12 710 75,331 n M-Wnmen 21,433 711 8,058 267 146 4 476 30,113 Ourla 9,361 271 24,711 715 42 1 424 34,538 Tchesme 4,539 103 39,073 891 - - 199 43,811 Phoc8se 7,427 324 15,670 675 - - 83 23,180 Quouch-Adasi 11,438 545 9,220 444 114 5 157 20,929 Sivri-Hisar 7,816 746 2,641 252 14 - 4 10,475 Tireh 37,514 877 3,228 75 24 - 1,970 42,736 Baindir 22,622 851 3,655 137 275 10 10 26,561 Eud8mich 71,069 902 6,104 77 1,553 19 12 78,738 Nif 19,658 803 4,876 194 12 - 15 24,561 Kara-Bouroun 8,838 470 9,934 529 - - - 18,772

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Magne-sie 86,565 758 22,471 196 2,875 25 2,165 114,076

Caza de Qassaba 32,938 868 3,573 94 447 11 983 37,941 Salihli 28,836 934 1,693 54 91 - 242 30,862 Ala-Chthir 33,467 902 3,359 96 17 - 1 36,844 Qaula 32,022 908 3,228 91 - - - 35,250 Echm8 23,415 998 33 1 - - 7 23,455

n n Dtmirdji 34,440 995 141 4 9 - - 34,590 "Guerd4s 36,858 973 988 26 - - - 37,846 Qirk-Agatch 18,076 806 3,388 151 919 41 30 22,413 Scna 20,360 907 2,094 93 10 - 11 22,475 Aq-Hisar 31,359 810 6,358 164 514 13 471 38,702


Sandjak duAhldin 82,163 842 9,702 99 304 3 5,326 97,495

Caza de Nazilli 50, 719 931 2,699 49 543 9 493 54,454 Bozdoghan 33,298 987 406 12 11 - 4 33,719 SeukTi 20,028 541 16,720 452 133 - 95 36,976 Tchina 32,376 981 651 19 2 - 30 33,059 Karadja-Sou 18,765 988 221 11 - - - 19,086

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Denizli 41,788 933 2,409 53 548 12 35 44,780

Caza de Davos 57,271 999 - - 4 - - 57,275 Tchal 52, 585 998 177 - 15 - - 52,777 Bouladan 30,911 999 24 - 14 - - 30,949 Serai-iKeui 21,068 956 1,041 44 37 - 5 22,151

"Garbi-Qara-Agatch 50,776 999 34 - - - - 50,810

Total du Vilayet d'Aidin (b) 1,249,067 776 299,097 185 20,766 12 39, 81 2 1, 60 8,74 2



MUS ULMANS GRECS ARb6NIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITES Aut res

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion elements

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET D'ALEP 93,976 741 8,945 70 7,940 62 15,815 126,676

Caza d'Alexandrette 14,140 749 2,586 137 1,617 85 532 18,875 Idlip 51,762 981 845 16 84 1 53 52,744 Antioche 78,054 852 7,531 83 5,581 60 371 91,537 Bab 25,359 998 8 - 33 1 1 25,401 Beilan 10,506 319 2 - 2,242 174 66 12,816 Djisr-Chor 26,435 753 1,489 42 6,694 190 488 35,106 Harem 29,967 997 13 - 47 1 17 30,044 DjjbUel-Sema'an 25,138 1,000 - - - - - 25,138

n Ma arat 'e Nanan 20,272 998 27 1 - - - 20,299 " Membidj 2,768 980 - - 31 11 1 2,800

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Aintab 89,769 810 74 - 19,494 175 1,437 110,810

Caza de Killis 78,905 931 434 5 4,700 54 775 84,814 n Roum-Kale 29,269 952 - - 1,023 38 438 30,730

Total du Vilayet d'Alep 576,320 863 21,954 32 49,486 74 20,030 667,790

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET D'ANGORA 69,066 827 3,327 39 11,246 132 1,026 84,665

Caza d'Ayach 24,986 1,000 - - - - - 24,986 Bala 31,546 999 48 - 11 - 8 31,613 Bey-Bazar 23,931 999 26 - - - - 23,957 Haymana 34,352 993 193 5 138 - - 34,683 Kaledjik 44,064 981 - - 830 18 - 44,894 Nally-Han 16,581 934 4 - 1,103 61 64 17,752

n Yaban-Abad 54,957 999 3 - 9 - - 54,969

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de TchorouJn 83,150 978 555 6 1,231 14 - 84,936

Caza d'Iskelib 55,016 996 15 - 43 - 113 55,187 Sungurlu 40,501 921 816 18 1,936 28 699 43,952 Osmandjik 31, 824 966 50 1 68 2 - 31, 942 Medjid-Euzi 34,134 962 834 23 485 13 - 35,453

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kir-Ch'ehir 71,647 969 412 5 1,734 24 - 73,793

Caza de Medjour 8,643 1000 - - - - - 8,643 of n Keskine 48,349 910 3,039 54 2,071 35 - 53,459

Medjidie 21,401 997 - - 52 2 - 21,453 Avanes 25, 499 1000 - - - - - 25, 499

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Yozgat 77,187 829 2,281 24 13,969 147 - 93,437

Caza d'Ak-dagh Maaden 37,081 760 7,892 161 3,361 67 425 48,759 " Bogazlian 43,370 725 725 12 15,670 262 - 59,785

Total du Vilayet d'Angora 877,285 920 20,240 21 53,957 56 2,335 953,817



MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITES Autres

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion elments

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE BEYROUTH 45,063 505 25,736 288 707 7 17,638 89,144

Caza de Sour 31,653 799 4,651 117 206 5 3,059 39,569 S Salda 46,472 867 2,670 49 112 2 4,308 53,562 " Merdjiioun 22,296 705 6,448 204 1,133 35 1,719 31,596

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Tripoli de Syrie 50,004 742 10,800 160 74 1 6,491 67,369

Caza de Safita 32,254 862 4,446 118 137 3 579 37,416 d'Akkar 19,920 475 13,244 316 391 9 8,333 41,888 Hasni-el-ekrad 16,477 553 12,329 414 177 5 775 29,758

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Akka 31,800 779 8,275 202 336 8 441 40,852

Caza de Haifa 23,417 775 3,842 126 54 1 2,876 30,189 " Tabaria 8,410 699 394 32 5 - 3,218 12,027 " Safed 22,481 735 2,375 77 26 - 5,679 30,561 of Nasire 11,777 581 5,886 290 367 18 2,218 20,248

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Ladikie 46,057 912 3,485 69 566 11 392 50,500

Caza de Merkeb 29,469 861 3,413 99 - - 1,315 34,197 Djebelle 28,586 996 105 3 - - - 28,691 Sahiun 30,626 935 1,537 46 580 17 - 32,743

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Nabulus 74,813 974 1,035 13 370 4 546 76,794

Caza de Beni-Saab 35,929 999 18 - - - 4 35,951 of " Djenin 40,780 975 765 18 47 1 226 41,818

Total du Vilayet de Beyrouth 648,314 785 111,454 135 5,288 6 59,817 824,873

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE BITLIS 38,701 665 - - 19,123 328 350 58,174

Caza d'Akhlat 10,190 512 - - 9,708 487 - 19,898 Khizan 11,624 698 - - 5,023 301 - 16,647 Moudik 12,462 751 - - 4,110 248 - 16,572

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de St66rt 27,649 849 - - 2,630 80 2,324 32,603

Caza d'Erouh 22,677 864 - - 1,890 72 1,668 26,235 Pervari 6,415 673 - - 1,326 139 1,781 9,522 Chirvan 15,181 869 - - 1,169 66 1,109 17,459 Kharzan 14,541 727 - - 4,332 216 1,116 19,989

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Guendj 24,467 938 - - 1,603 61 - 26,070

Caza de Tchabaktehour 11,292 938 - - 734 61 - 12,026 n Kalb 15,252 810 - - 3,573 189 - 18,825

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Mouch 30,254 454 - - 36,316 545 - 66,570

Caza de Boulanik 16,372 527 - 14,662 472 - 31,034 Sassoun 7,454 533 - - 6,505 466 - 13,959 Malazguerd 30,929 875 - - 4,438 125 - 35,367

Varto 14,539 879 - - 1,990 120 - 16,529 Total du Vilayet de Bitlis (c) 309,999 708 - - 119,132 272 8,348 437,479



MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITtS Autres

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion 'l'ements

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE BROUSSE 111,301 753 24,048 162 7,402 50 5,026 147,777

Caza de Ghemlek 16,373 578 8,568 302 3,348 117 - 28,289 Orhan Gazi 11,884 341 - - 28,883 658 - 34,767 Karadj'e bey 25,763 690 9,921 268 1,036 27 574 37,294 Moudania 7,677 304 17,389 687 120 4 53 25,239 Kermasti 56,599 956 1,318 23 1,016 17 184 59,180 Orkhan-ili 47,140 998 44 - 6 - - 47,190

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Ertegreul 59,508 764 9,877 126 8,436 107 52 77,873

Caza de Seuyud 55,223 850 1,982 30 7,958 119 - 65,163 1n6-gueul 56,238 882 34 - 7,326 114 106 63,704 " Yni-Chehir 26,408 886 1,683 56 1,660 55 - 29,751

Total du Vilayet de Brousse 474,114 769 74,927 121 61,191 99 5,995 616,227

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE CASTAMOUNI 67,467 935 2,468 34 2,153 30 - 72,088

Caza d'Inl&boli 80,431 959 3,289 39 167 1 - 83,887 n Zafranboli 59,866 940 3,818 59 - - - 63,684

Tach-Keupru 50,721 970 65 1 1,477 28 - 52,263 Tatai 47,536 994 46 - 310 5 - 47,892 Djid6 41,845 990 388 9 3 - - 42,236 Aratch 41,642 998 53 - 10 - - 41,705 Tessia 29,489 973 680 22 114 3 - 30,283

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kangheri 94,385 982 1,234 12 472 4 - 96,091

Caza de Tscherkech 63,519 998 103 1 10 - - 63,632

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Sinop 28,290 842 4,595 136 675 20 8 33,568

Caza de Boyabad 59,324 947 194 3 3,074 49 - 62,592 Alandjik 42,556 956 1,917 43 3 - - 44,476 Guerz'e 30,231 920 2,108 64 491 14 - 32,830

Total du Vilayet de Castamouni 737,302 958 20,958 27 8,959 11 8 767,227

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE DIARBEKIR 52,285 696 456 6 16,467 219 5,881 75,089

Caza de Lidjs 23,595 821 - - 4,659 162 468 28,722 n Silvan 26,330 630 507 12 13,083 313 1,823 41,743 . Direk 21,189 934 - - 1,128 49 351 22,668 " Btchiri 11,015 685 - - 3,427 213 1,626 16,068

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Mardine 51,116 710 12 - 7,895 109 12,946 71,969

Caza de Dj8zireh 17,022 694 - - 358 12 7,158 24,538 " Midiat 42,607 724 - - 1,452 24 14,718 58,777 " Saveur 39,928 942 - - 1,032 24 1,396 42,356 " H Nousseibin 12,842 755 - - - - 4,164 17,006

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Sewerek 50,435 932 - - 2,853 52 774 54,062

Caza de Tschermik 19,226 950 - - 821 40 184 20,231 Viran-Chehr 15,477 876 2 - 1,102 62 1,074 17,655

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Maden 71,493 861 958 11 10,559 127 - 83,010

Caza de Palu 37,541 815 - - 8,390 184 - 45,931 Total du Vilayet de Diarb'ekir (d) 492,101 793 1,935 3 73,226 118 52,563 619,825




Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion el61ments

0/00 0/00 0/00


VILAYET D'ERZEROUM 83,070 697 1,097 9 34,542 290 68 118,777

Caza de Passin 56,403 848 - - 10,046 151 - 66,449 Balburt 64,289 829 1,148 14 12,025 155 - 77,462 Ispir 40,015 931 - - 2,920 68 - 42,935 Terdjan 36,153 823 349 7 7,401 168 - 43,903

n Tortoum 28,320 958 - - 1,223 41 - 29,543 "1 "Keskim 36,122 852 37 - 6,193 146 - 42,352

Kighi 35,572 708 - - 14,609 291 - 50,181 Namervaan 28,684 980 2 - 556 19 14 29,256 Khins 33,525 802 - - 8,229 197 - 41,754


Sandjak d'Erzindjan 53,898 764 275 3 16,291 231 54 70,518

Caza de Polmur 11,755 958 - - 511 41 - 12,266 R'fayet 23,307 897 1,394 53 1,270 48 - 25,972 Kourou-Tchal 11,466 812 - - 2,649 187 - 14,115 Kemah 20,742 796 560 21 4,741 182 - 26,043


Sandjak de Bayazid 20,952 874 2 - 2,619 109 391 23,964

Caza d'Alachguerd 23,368 806 - - 5,624 193 - 28,992 Diadin 19,640 950 - - 904 43 126 20,670 Toutak 23,873 957 - - 1,070 42 - 24,943 Kara-Kilisse 22,142 873 - - 3,195 125 - 25,337

Total du Vilayet

d'Erzeroum 673,297 825 4,864 5 136,618 167 653 815,432

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET des 1Tles de

I'ARCHIPEL 9,015 228 26,676 669 30 1 4,248 39,969

Caza d'Istankeui 3,863 216 13,877 778 1 - 83 17,824 Sumbequi - - 7,936 1000 - - - 7,936 Kaschot 45 9 4,803 990 - - - 4,848 Kerpts 64 7 8,071 992 - - 2 8,137 Castellerizze 398 48 7,736 951 - - - 8,134


Sandjak de Chie 2,228 32 66,020 905 29 - 414 68,691

Caza de Kariot 77 5 12,907 994 4 - 2 12,990 Kalimnos 50 3 12,970 996 7 - - 13,027 Leros 92 13 6,952 985 - - 22 7,066


Sandjak de Lemnos 2,292 87 23,877 911 2 - 66 26,237

Caza d'Imbros 92 11 7,997 988 - - - 8,089 n T6n6dos 1,421 285 3,538 713 9 - 1 4,969


Sandjak de Mfetelin 6,826 119 50,467 879 35 - 53 57,381

Caza de Plomari 807 312 24,999 687 1 - - 25,807 Total du Vilayet des tles de l'Archipel 37,601 104 316,841 853 140 - 4,892 359,474


POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OITOMAN EMPIRE 95


Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion 12Lcments

0/00 0/00 0/00


VILAYET DE KONIA 101,880 910 6,619 59 3,435 30 4 111,938

Caza d'Ak-Cheir 57,234 886 2,266 35 4,890 75 213 64,603 Bei-Ch8ilr 41,596 964 122 29 33 7 - 41,751 Seidi-Chtir 22,946 993 26 1 129 5 - 23,101 Ilgin 31,932 976 705 21 103 3 - 32,740 Bosghir 55,115 953 272 47 - - - 55,387 Karamnan 55,237 968 567 9 1,245 21 - 57,049 Eregli 29,102 952 567 18 888 29 4 30,561 Sultanie 20,640 - - - - - - 20,640 Kotch-Hissar 35,177 993 209 5 14 - - 35,400 Ermenek 29,424 - 1 - 2 - - 29,427 Said-ili 39,979 - - - 4 - - 39,983

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Bourdour 54,032 931 2,783 47 1,324 22 - 58,139

Caza de Teleni 27,671 995 86 3 24 - - 27,781

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Isparta 46,698 857 6,648 122 1,119 20 - 54,465

Caza de Ouloubourlou 19,367 937 1,278 61 5 - - 20,650 n n Eghirdir 27,020 900 2,982 99 - - - 30,002

Kara-agatch 25,743 - 10 - - - - 25,753 Yalovatch 29,919 - 9 - 10 - - 29,938

Total du Vilayet de Konia 750,712 951 25,150 31 13,225 17 221 789,308

Caza de chef-lieu du VILAYET DE MAMOURET-

UL-AZIZ 56,365 654 23 - 29,048 337 726 86,162

Caza de Kharpout 22,541 693 - - 9,172 282 806 32,549 " Eghine 32,610 757 636 14 9,888 228 36 43,170

to " Arabkir 24,194 705 1 - 10,091 294 - 34,286 KE-ban-Maaden 23,944 982 37 1 377 15 - 24,358 P'turk'e 34,166 959 - - 679 21 777 35,622

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Malatia 57,726 842 - - 8,214 124 203 66,143

Caza de BEhesni 42,282 955 - - 1,970 44 - 44,252 Hasni-Mansour 34,154 900 - - 3,384 89 411 37,949 Kiahd' 16,434 953 - - 750 43 54 17,238 AktchB-Dagh 35,987 987 - - 466 12 - 36,453

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Dersim 11,874 911 - - 1,151 88 - 13,025

Caza de Tchemich-Kesek 16,181 791 267 13 3,987 195 - 20,435 Tcharsandjak 12,157 631 - - 7,105 368 - 19,262 Ovadjik 4,165 997 - - 10 2 - 4,175 Nazimie 7,276 986 7 - 89 12 - 7,372 Mazguerd 14,323 906 - - 1,483 93 - 15,806

Total du Vilayet de Mamouret-ul-Aziz (e) 446,379 829 971 1 87,864 163 3,013 538,227



MUSULMANS GRECS ARMrENIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALII'fES Autres

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion 'eleents

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE SIVAS 54,819 671 728 8 26,076 319 - 81,623

Caza de Tunous 40,868 749 - - 13,694 250 - 54,562 Hafik 40,076 778 21 - 11,376 221 - 51,473 Derend6 26,518 902 - - 2,862 97 - 29,380 Divrigh 30,630 785 - - 8,354 214 - 38,984 Azizie 50,344 978 8 - 1,102 21 - 51,454 Kangal 29,212 903 - - 3,111 96 - 32,323 Kotchkiri 47,203 794 6,112 162 6,056 102 - 59,371 Gurun 15,640 637 - - 8,905 363 - 24,545 Yildiz-ili 39,239 952 569 13 1,379 33 - 41,187

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Amassia 53,123 804 2,679 40 9,979 151 217 65,998

Caza de Khavza 17,475 680 7,869 306 335 12 - 25,679 Keupru 41,853 869 4,755 98 1,359 27 283 48,250 Gumuch-Hadj i- Keui 24,957 771 3,660 113 3,722 115 - 32,339 Merzifon 25,370 688 1,067 29 9,726 261 710 36,873 Ladik 15,861 750 4,920 232 343 16 - 21,124

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Tokat 90,125 836 3,997 38 12,925 118 709 107,756

Caza d'Erbaa 50,895 811 7,922 126 3,704 59 169 62,690 Zileh 69,328 954 154 - 2,921 40 268 72,671 Niksar 22,843 741 4,815 156 3,183 103 24 30,865 Rechadi'e 25,660 969 811 30 - - - 26,471

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kara- Hissar-Charki 26,379 511 16,383 317 8,494 164 330 51,586

Caza d'Aloudjera 30,737 978 692 22 30 - - 31,459 " Messoudi* 26,510 817 5,264 162 664 23 - 32,438

Sou-ch8iri 22,871 637 2,040 51 11,337 312 - 36,248 Koila-Hissar 21,199 959 858 38 37 2 - 22,094

Total du Vilayet de Sivas 939,735 803 75,324 64 151,674 129 2,710 1,169,443

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE SYRIE 197,507 887 12,851 57 781 2 11,485 222,624

Caza de Baalbek 18,667 740 4,857 193 20 - 1,553 25,097 Buka-el-Aziz 19,113 651 7,664 291 34 1 2,528 29,339 Zebdani 14,329 894 1,601 99 82 5 7 16,019

Vadie-el-Adjem 13,528 833 2,331 141 56 3 383 16,298 Hasbia 5,063 331 4,549 298 351 23 5,291 15,254 Rachia 5,407 561 3,566 370 62 6 594 9,629 Keun'ei tir'e 33,534 960 1,068 30 142 4 172 34,916 Douma 35,350 921 3,008 78 - 1 - 38,358 Nebk 40,139 866 5,602 120 108 2 495 46,344

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Hauran 27,274 984 436 15 - - - 27,710

Caza d'Ezra'a 28,196 953 1,376 46 - - - 29,572 Mismie 7,802 567 2,995 217 - - 2,960 13,757 Basr-eski-Scham 22,485 853 3,690 140 180 6 - 26,355 Sueda 23,800 963 900 36 - - - 24,700 Adjlun 57,156 922 4,749 76 - - 62 61,967

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kerek 18,550 903 1, 655 80 - - 317 20, 522

Caza de Tafile 7, 665 999 4 - - - - 7, 66 9 Ma'an 6, 012 1000 - - - - - 6,012 Salt 33, 496 840 4,387 109 379 8 1, 733 39,995


Sandjak de Hama 64,225 875 8,270 112 332 6 501 73,328

Caza d'Imrani(? 21, 838 937 1, 508 56 - - 141 26,487 Selimi6 19,859 1000 - - - - - 19,859 Homs 67,587 780 11,573 134 6 - 7,432 86,598

Total du Vilayet de 7 Syrie 791,582 86 1 88,640 96 2 ,53 3 2 3 5, 654 918,409


POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OITOMAN EMPIRE 97

MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITES Aut res

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion elements

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE TREBIZONDE 64,726 617 23,806 227 16,318 155 8 104,858

Caza d'Ordou 111,421 776 18,505 128 13,565 94 - 143,491 Of 75,050 976 1,819 23 - - - 76,869 Aktch6-Abad 56,401 849 6,561 98 3,517 52 - 66,479 Tireboli 48,999 809 10,530 179 868 16 - 60,397 Surmen'eh 57,698 853 9,762 144 323 2 - 67,783 K'rassunde 92,301 777 24,138 203 2,275 19 - 118,714 Gu8r'186 42, 823 956 1,648 36 312 7 - 44,783 Vakfi-K8bir 28, 484 997 13 - 51 1 - 28, 548 Matchka 17,950 472 19,575 518 258 9 - 37,783

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Lazistan 122,055 987 1,507 12 5 - - 123,560

Caza d'Atina 50,297 996 171 3 28 - - 50,496 " Hoppg 38,156 998 44 1 2 - - 38,202

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Gumuch-Hant 29, 639 729 9,179 225 1,817 44 - 40, 635

Caza de Toroul 29,686 492 30, 547 506 24 - - 60,257 Chira 22, 312 862 3,155 122 392 15 - 25, 859 Kelkit 33,130 968 614 17 482 14 - 34,226

Total du Vilayet de Trtbizonde 921,128 820 161,574 143 40,237 36 8 1,122,947

Caza du chef-lieu du VILAYET DE VAN 45,119 565 - - 33,789 423 828 79,736

Caza d'Ardjech 27,323 771 - - 8,083 228 - 35,406 Chatak 8,132 639 - - 4,292 337 293 12,717 Adil-Dj6vaz 10, 820 690 - - 4,849 309 - 15,669 Kiavach 18,123 632 - - 10,520 367 - 28,643

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Hekkiari 21,848 789 1 - 3,461 125 2,370 27,680

Caza de Djulamerk 7,450 827 - - 296 32 1,258 9,004 " Mahmoudi 10,230 789 - - 528 40 2,201 12,959 * Chemdinan 9, 873 840 - - - - 1, 867 11,740 " Gh9ver 12,771 756 - - 959 56 3,151 16,881 " Hoschab 7, 691 883 - - 1,015 116 - 8, 706

Total du Vilayet de Van (f) 179, 380 691 1 - 67, 792 261 11,968 259,141

Ca-za du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Adalia 70,165 895 7,837 100 141 1 174 78,317

Caza d'Elmali 25,081 955 325 12 484 19 336 26,226 Alal'e 32,390 943 1,877 54 - - 47 34,314 Akss'eky 34,384 998 65 1 - - - 34,449 Kach 19,210 949 1,028 50 5 - - 20, 243 Manavghat 19,411 996 56 3 - - - 19,467 Kourkoude-Ily 23,534 1000 - - - - - 23,534 Ph6nike 11,587 882 1,197 91 - - 352 13,136

Total du Sandjak d'Adalia 235,762 944 12,385 49 630 2 909 249,686

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Bolou 53, 594 977 14 - 1, 227 22 - 54, 83 5

Caza d'H?racl9e 42,059 967 1,389 31 - - - 43,448 Bartin 64,395 977 1,104 16 401 6 3 65,903 Gusr6d6 50,423 998 45 - 19 - - 50, 487 Gueuinuk 19,075 994 2 - - - 99 19,176 Duzdje 58, 041 964 1,013 16 392 6 753 60,199 Devrek 53,336 980 404 7 670 12 - 54,410 Mudurni 29,818 987 - - - - 364 30,182 Zongouldak 28,540 951 1,180 39 263 8 25 30,008

Total du Sandjak de Bolou 399,281 977 5,151 12 2,972 7 1,244 408,648

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Djanik 44,992 429 54,709 521 5,315 45 28 105,044

Caza d'Unie 58,351 839 5,251 75 5,861 84 9 69,472 Bafra 48,944 600 30,838 378 1,735 21 - 81,517 Fatsa 35,678 884 3,026 75 1,635 40 - 40,339 Tscharchamba 54,353 779 3,948 56 11,429 164 - 69,730 Term'e 23, 632 868 967 35 2, 601 95 - 27,200

Total du Sandjak de Djanik 265,950 676 98,739 251 28,576 72 37 393,302



MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITES Aut res

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion 1!lments

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Eskicheir 83,883 919 2,613 28 4,510 49 194 91,200

Caza de Siwrihissar 33, 328 883 - - 4,185 110 206 37, 719 "1 if Mihalitschdjik 23,367 981 - - 112 4 328 23,807

Total du Sandjak d'Eskiche-ir 140,578 920 2,613 17 8,807 57 728 152,726

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Ismidt 40,403 566 5,226 73 25,399 355 321 71,349

Caza d'Ada-Bazar 76,864 753 7,957 74 17,117 167 113 102,051 Kara-Mursel 14,850 631 6,047 256 2,635 111 15 23,547 Kandtrls 40,495 943 1,804 42 641 14 4 42,944 Gueive 32,508 674 7,108 147 8,567 177 4 48,187 Yalova 7,954 369 10,274 477 3,304 153 - 21, 532 Iznik 13,785 887 1,632 104 126 8 - 15,543

Total du Sandjak d'Ismidt 226,859 697 40,048 123 57,789 177 457 325,153

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d Itch-il 34,628 957 1,210 33 334 9 - 36,172

Caza d 'Anamour 31, 768 977 725 22 - - 9 32, 502 Gulnar 20,668 974 463 21 7 - 74 21,212 Mouth 14,970 977 109 7 - - 229 15,308

Total du Sandjak d'Itch-il 102,034 969 2,507 23 341 3 312 105,194

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de J6erusalem 70,270 581 20,250 167 2,646 21 27,755 120,921

Caza de Yaffa 62,758 869 5,865 80 386 5 3,197 72,206 "1 "1 Ghazza 77,296 983 1,006 12 11 - 284 78,597 " " Halil Errahman 55, 720 987 - - - 724 56,444

Total du Sandjak de J16rusalem 266,044 810 27,121 85 3,043 9 31,960 328,168

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kalseri (C'6sar ee) 101,924 658 19,662 127 33,232 214 - 154,818

Caza de Develi 30,948 633 2,085 24 16,095 342 - 49,128 n of Indj6-Sou 14,559 794 3,773 205 - - - 18,332 "1 ". Bunyan Hamid 36,861 903 1,070 26 2,865 70 - 40,796

Total du Sandjak de Kaiseri 184,292 700 26,590 101 52,192 198 - 263,074

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de KalLsi-Sultanie (Dardanelles) 13,596 611 4,367 195 1,328 59 2,961 22,252

Caza d'Ezine 15,801 912 486 28 700 40 338 17,325 " A'ivadjik 17,089 999 - - 5 - 1 17,095

Biramistch 20,614 970 290 16 56 2 270 21,230 Bigha 65,242 959 2,243 32 409 6 103 67,997 Lapski 17,561 881 1,164 58 43 2 1,148 19,916

Total du Sandjak de Kalei-Sultanis 149,903 904 8,550 51 2,541 15 4,821 165,815

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kara-Hissar- Sahib 97,547 930 59 - 7,174 68 7 104,787

Caza de Queiquler-Dinar 37,496 987 327 8 65 2 74 37,962 Bulvadin 39,618 999 3 - 8 - - 39,629 Sandikly 37,165 999 7 - 33 - - 37,205 Azizie 44,097 994 151 3 123 2 - 44,371 Tchivril 21,736 998 85 - 45 - - 21,866

Total du Sandjak de Kara-Hissar-Sahib 277,659 971 632 2 7,448 26 81 285,820


POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE 0ITOMAN EMPIRE 99

MUSULMANS GRE CS ARME N IE NS TOTAL NOMS DES LOCALITES Aut res

Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- Habit- Propor- ants tion ants tion ants tion !l61ments

0/00 0/00 0/00

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Karrassi 156,092 965 2,655 16 2,966 18 31 161,744

Caza d'Edr6rmit 30,846 759 9,699 238 41 1 40 40,626 Erdek 15,232 319 31, 035 651 1,094 22 305 47,666 Aivalik 454 12 31,440 985 - - - 31,894 Balie 33,680 824 3,266 79 298 7 3,650 40,894 Panderma 41,146 692 11,507 193 4,189 70 2,583 59,425 Burhanit 20, 280 816 4, 514 181 43 1 14 24,851 Sandirghi 27, 095 959 1,130 40 20 - 2 28,247 Gunan 34, 979 929 2, 251 59 53 1 340 37, 623

Total du Sandjak de Karassi 359,804 760 97,497 206 8,704 18 6,965 472,970

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Kutahia 136,164 936 5,587 38 3,449 23 243 145,443

Caza de Ghedos 38,256 1000 - - - - - 38,256 Ouchak 88, 626 956 2, 957 31 1,099 11 - 92,682 S6mav 40,302 994 211 5 - - - 40, 513

Total du Sandjak de Kutahia 303, 348 957 8, 755 27 4, 548 14 243 316,894

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Marache 50,356 981 34 - 22,040 298 1,443 73,873

Caza de Pazardjik 23,868 998 - - 37 1 - 23,905 n Elbistan 47,395 959 - - 2,017 40 - 49,612 "Zeitoun Sule-imanli 8,069 429 - - 10,718 570 - 18,787 " Gueuksun 22,757 862 - - 3,621 137 - 26,378

Total du Sandjak de Marache 152,645 792 34 - 38,433 199 1,443 192,555

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Ment'eche 61,576 968 2,008 31 4 - 1 63, 589

Caza de Marmaris 15,040 874 2,082 121 - - 73 17,195 Keu1dj&is 23,716 941 727 29 5 - 524 24,972 Feth1 36, 734 828 7,394 166 - - 217 44,345 Bodroum 15,468 784 4,042 205 3 - 203 19,716 Milas 36,382 886 3,670 89 - - 1,005 41,057

Total du Sandjak de Menttche 188,916 895 19, 923 94 12 - 2, 023 210, 874

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Nigd6 52,754 657 26,156 326 1,286 16 - 80,196

Caza de Nev-chehr 38,146 758 10,935 217 1,202 23 - 50,283 Urgub 26,671 765 7,953 228 196 5 - 34, 820 Ak-Serai 59,010 897 4,551 69 2,091 31 - 65,652 Bor 22, 924 910 1,442 57 803 31 - 25,169 Oulou-Kichla 11,807 821 2,475 171 115 7 - 14,397 Arabsson 15,788 766 4,800 233 12 - - 20,600

Total du Sandjak de Nigd6 227,100 781 58,312 200 5,705 19 - 291,117

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak d'Ourfa 69,526 777 - - 16,676 186 3,184 89,386

Caza de Biredjik 27,085 943 - - 1,587 55 48 28,720 Rika 14,638 999 2 - 12 - - 14, 652 Souroudj 26,824 996 - - 95 3 - 26,919 Harran 11,311 1000 - - - - - 11,311

Total du Sandjak d'Ourfa 149,384 873 2 - 18,370 107 3,232 170,988

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Tchataldja 13,034 432 16,984 563 44 1 103 30,165

Caza de Buyuk-Tchekm6dj'e 3,255 248 9,511 724 17 1 338 13,121 n 11 Silivrie 3,759 228 10,302 625 781 47 1,628 16,470

Total du Sandjak de Tchataldja 20,048 335 36,797 617 842 14 2,069 59,756

Caza du chef-lieu du Sandjak de Zor 43, 645 988 45 4 283 6 192 44,165

Caza de Raes-ul-A;n 2,667 999 - - - - 4 2,671 " " Achara 19,458 1000 - - - - - 19,458

Total du Sandjak de Zor 65, 770 992 45 - 283 3 196 66, 294


SUMMARY OF POPULATION STATISTICS ABOVE

MUSULMANS GRECS ARMENIENS 1SRAtLITES BULGARES SYRIENS CHALDI2ENS NESTORIENS AUTRES P-LItMENTS NOMS TOTAL

Hbtnsproportion proportion proportion proportion prprion Hbtnsproportion proportion proportion proportion Habitants Habitants Habitants ,, Habitants ,~Hb~I rp ,~Habiabitantan s Habitants Habitants

La Ville de Stamboul 560,44 615 205,762 225 64,093 92 52,126 57 3,339 3 562 - 476 - - - 3,186 3 909,978 VilayetldAndrinople 360,417 571 224,680 355 19,888 31 22,515 35 2,502 3 - - - - -- 1,092 1 631,094

d'Adana 341,903 831 8,974 21 37,686 140 66 - - - 1,512 3 406 - - - 476 1 411,023 d'Aidin 1,249,067 776 299,097 185 20,766 12 35,041 21 169 - 2 - 11 I 4,589 2 1,608,742 dAlcp 576,320 863 21,954 32 49,486 74 12,193 18 1,956 2 2,956 4 3635 2,560 3 667,790 d'Angora 077,285 920 20,240 21 53,957 56 1,026 1 5 8 - - - - 1,301 1 953,817 derBeirout 640,314 785 111,454 135 5,280 6 15,052 18 1 - 491 - 19 - - - 44,254 33 824,873 de Bitlis 309,999 708 - - 119,132 272 - - - - 3.992 9 4,356 9 - - - - 437,479 derBrousse 474,114 769 74,927 121 61,191 99 4,126 b6 - - - - 1,069 3 616,227 derCastamoani 737,302 920 20,958 64 8,959 14 8 - - - - - - - - 767,227 derDiarb6kir 492,101 793 1.935 3 73,226 118 2,0865 3 - - 42,109 67 5,994 9 - - 2,375 3 619,825 d'Erz6rouin 673,297 825 4,864 5 130,618 167 10 - - - 88 - 13 - - - 542 - 815,432 derKonia 730,712 951 25,150 31 13,225 17 4 - - - - 4 - - - 213 - 799,308 derMamnouret-ul-Aziz 446,379 829 971 1 87,864 163 - - - - 2,234 4 8 - - - 771 1 538,227 drOSivas 939,735 803 75,324 64 151,674 129 344 - - - 3 - - - - - 2,363 1 1,169,443 de Syrie 791,582 861 88,640 86 2,533 2 10,140 1 1 - - 8,656 9 351 - - - 16,507 17 918,409 derTrdbizonndr 921,128 820 361,574 143 40,237 36 8- - - - - - - - - 1,122,947 do Van 179,309 691 1 - 67,792 261 1,383 3 5 1,128 4 8,991 3 1 1,366 5 239,141

Sandjak d'Adalia 235,762 944 12,305 49 630 2 250 1 38 - - - - - - - 621 2 249,686 drOBoli 399,281 977 5,151 12 2,972 _7 20 - 6 - I - - - - - 1,217 2 408,648 drODjanik 265,930 676 98,739 251 28,576 72 27 - - - - - 10 - - - - - 393,302 d'Eski-Chrhr 140,578 920 2,613 17 8,807 57 728 4 - - - - - - - - - - 152,726 d'Ismiti 226,859 697 40,048 123 57,789 177 428 1 8 - 3 - 8 - - - 10 - 325,153 d'Itsch-ili 102,034 869 2,307 23 341 3 10 -- - - - - - - - - 302 2 105,194 diO4rusairm 266,044 810 27,121 85 3,043 9 21,259 63 - - 427 1 1 1 - - - 10,263 3 1 328,1688 derKalsari 184,292 7(00 26,599) 101 52,192. 198 - - - - - - - - - - - - 263,074 derKal6i Sullanir 149,9113 906 8,550 51 2,541 15 9,642 21 1,997 6 - - -82 - 165,815 derKara-Hissar-Sahib 277,659 671 632 2 7,448 28 7 - - - - - - - - 74 - 285,820 e de Karassi 359,804 760 97,497 206 8,704 18 302 - 5,438 1 1 - - - - - - 1,165 2 472,970 de Kuahaieh 303,348 957 8,755 27 4,540 14 - - - - - - -- - - 243 - 316,894 ! de Marache 152,645 792 34 - 38,433 199 251 1 - - - - - - - - 1.192 6 192,555 l derMentesch0 188,916 895 19,923 94 12 - 1,615 7 8 - - - - - - - 400 1 210,874 derNigdrb 227,188 781 58,312 288 5,705 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - 291,117 ~ d'Ourfa 149,388 873 2 - 18,370 107 865 5 - - 2,328 13 -- - 39 - 170,986 (I5 de Tschataidja 20,888 335 36,797 617 842 14 1,480 24 338 5 - - - - - - 251 4 59,756 H-

de Zor 65,77(1 992 45 - 283 3 2 - - - 141 2 5 1 - - - 2 - 66,294 t Total 15,884,846 812 1,792,206(1) 96 1,294,851 69 187,973 10 14,9088 65,505 3 13,211 - 8,091 - 99,325 5 18,520,016 Z


POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE O0JOMAN EMPIRE 101

NOTES TO APPENDIX A (a) Greek Orthodox.

(b) The Turkish figures for this province for 1917 were: 1,293,527 Moslems, 233,914 Greek Orthodox, 36,750 Jews, 21,194 Armenians, 3,611 Others. Total: 1,588,996. FO 371/4229 no. 86552, 24.5.1919.

(c) This province contains nomadic tribes and Kurds who were not included in the official statistics. A separate table gives their number as 92,999 which should be added to the Moslems.

(d) See note c above; the figure of 196,840 should be added to the Moslems. (e) See note c: the figure of 107,644 should be added to the Moslems. (f) See note c: the figure of 122,370 should be added to the Moslems and 33,909 to the

Nestorians and 2,122 to 'others'. (g) This total also includes 62,468 Greek Catholics.

ERRATA Page 90, line 13 has been omitted. It should read: Caza de Hassa 8,810 852 34 3 1,324 128 169 10,337

Page 94, second line from bottom has been omitted. It should read: Caza de Molivo 10,331 213 38,015 785 22 - 1 48,369


APPENDIX B

POPULATION STATISTICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1919a

Miscellaneous Other Administrative Units Moslems Greeks Armenians Jews & Jews Elements Totals

Vilayet of Adana Sanjak of Adana 165,000 20,000 35,000 220,000

Sanjak of Jebbel Bereket 60,000 10,000 8,000 78,000 Sanjak of Kozan 65,000 30,000 J 95,000

Total 290,000 20,000 75,000 8,000 393,000

Vilayet of Aidin Sanjak of Smyrna 325,000 375,000 18,000 40,000 9,000 767,000 Sanjak of Aidin 218,000 44,000 1,000 272,000

Sanjak of Serukhan 350,000 95,000 7,000 12,000 5,500 459,500 Sanjak of Denizli 247,000 4,000 1,000 253,000

Total 1,140,000 518,000b 27,000 52,000 14,500 1,751,500

Vilayet of Angora Sanjak of Angora 295,000 3,000 15,000 1,000 314,000 Sanjak of Yozgat 156,000 14,700 37,000 207,700 j Sanjak of Churum 199,000 1,500 4,000 205,500 U Sanjak of Kyrshehir 168,000 3,800 4,000 J 175,800 U

Total 818,000 23,000 60,000 2,000 903,000 M

Vilayet of Brussa t Sanjak of Brussa 275,000 90,000 57,000 11,000 433,000 Sanjak of Ertogrul 207,000 28,000 18,000 1,000 254,000 c,

Total 482,000 118,000 75,000 12,000 687,000 C

0TJ


Miscellaneous Other Administrative Units Moslems Greeks Armenians Jews & Jews Elements Totals z

Vilayet of Kastamuni Sanjak of Kastamuni 388,000 9,000 6,000 403,000

Sanjak of Kangheri 158,000 1,000 4,000 10 000 173,000 S Sanjak of Sinop 140,000 18,000 1,000 } 159,000 ^

Total 686,000 28,000 11,000 10,000 735,000 ?

Vilayet of Konia Sanjak of Konia 400,000 15,000 14,000 429,000 0

Sanjak of Bourdur 160,000 4,000 2,000 4000 170,000 2 Sanjak of Isparta 185,000 16,000 1,000 J 202,000 0

Total 745,000 35,000 17,000 4,000 801,000 Z

Vilayet of Sivas 4 Sanjak of Sivas 402,000 30,000 123,000 555,000 50 Sanjak of Kara Hissar Sharki 130,000 25,000 25,000 500 180,500 t Sanjak of Tokat 238,000 15,000 23,500 1,500 278,000 Sanjak of Amassia 207,000 35,000 28,500 1,000 271,500

Total 977,000 105,000 200,000 3,000 1,285,000

Vilayet of Trabizon Sanjak of Trabizon 568,000 138,000 30,000 736,000

Sajnak of Gumush Khaneh 100,000 52,000 2,000 2,000 156,000 Sanjak of Lazistan 180,000 2,000 1,000 1' 183,000

Total 848,000 192,000 33,000 2,000 1,075,000


Turks, Maronn .es Nestorians Moslenm Turs*s& Kureds & & Romnan Syrianss& & Other Miscellaneous Other

Administrative Units Moslemss Turks Kurds A rabs Kurds A rabs Yazidis Gteeks Armenians Catholics Chaldeans Christians & Jets Elemnstts Totals

Sanjak of Adalia 210,000 25.fX)O 1,0(X) 5ff 2-36,5(X) Sanjak of Biga 145,000 23,0001 2,0(X) 5,010 175,W() Sanjak of Bnolo 380,000 6,000O 1,000 3,000 3001ff Sanjak of Eskishehir 135,000 4,1010 10,000 1,00() 150),(XX Sanjak of Ismit 200,000 76(000 57,000 2.0001 335.(0X) Sanjak of Itchil 100,000 15.000 500 2,0001 177,5(X) Sanjak of Jannik 235,000 1211,0101 2 1,000 1,50(1 377,5(f) Sanjak of Kaiseri 140,000 37,5)00 45,000 500 223.1f) Sanjak of Kara Hissar Sahib 267,000 1.1ff) 6,000 1,000 27501f) Sanjak of Karassi 320,000 154,000 15,0(f 11,10)( 5(XflIff Sanjak of Kutahia 301,000 15,100) 0,000 5)01 324,5(f) sanjak of Menteshe 174,000 2)1,1010 500 4,500 119.1ff) Sanjak of Nigde 205,000 55,000 2,000 262.1ff)

Vilayet of Bitlis Sanjak of Bitlis 73,100) 1,0(01 7 1,000 5,000 1.10)( 15 1.10X) Sanjak of Mush 68,0(01 1.000 70,0)0) 1.1ff) 1411.1ff) Sanjak of G indj 54.000) 1,000 10,000 73.1ff) Sanjak of Sert 66.000 1,00 26,000 0,000O 1)1)10 0) Total 6)1,000 201,010) 4,000 105,000 13,000 2.1ff) 465.1ff)

VilayetofDiarbekir Sanjak of DiaTbekir (includes Sanjak of Severek) 160,100 30,000( 10,000 2)X),)fXft Sanjak of Mardin 130,0103 5,100) 10,000 52,010) f (X 2100))f) Sanjak of Maden 11)1,00 34,000 6,000 1 500))))

Total 100,000 2311.1ff) 711,100) 5.0ff 02,000 60,000 5.1ff) 56)1,10X)

Vilayet of Erzentat Sanjak of Erzerunm 3601,(XX) 2,000O 153,000 1.1ff) 516,100) Sanjak of Erzinjan 107,000 10,0(01 36,000 1.1ff) 154.1ff) Sanjak of Bayazid 73,000 16,000 1.1ff) Wj.1f)

Total 335,100 205,00105) 12,000 205,000 3.1ff) 76)100X)

Vilayet of Mamurat-al-Aziz Sanjak of Mezert-Kharput 13000(1 1 00,000) 00,000 1.5)0) 3)1,5X)) 0 Sanjak of Malatia 110,000 80,00(1 23,001) 213,00) Sanjak of Derstnt 10,00) 500)01 27,000 5X)1 07,5)0)

Total 250,0)0) 230,0)0$' 130,000 2,100) 612,tXX) t1

Vilayet of Van C, Sanjak of Van 47,100) 72,000 25,000 180),000 10.000 1.1ff) 343,100) Sanjak of Hekiari 1)1,000 130,100) 10,000 05.00 4,100) 239,10)

Total 57,1001 202,000d) 2530ff$d) 190,000 103,000 5,100) 5f2,100) Z

Sanjak of Marash 82,000 56,0W 80)0 1,000 55,000 1,000 1,000 6AX) 2 1 00 X) (A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C'

cti

004


0

Turks Maonites Syrians

Moslem Kurds & & Romtan & misc. C Adm~inistrative Units Moslemso Turks Kurds Arabs Arabs Suntes. Shi'i:tes Druzes Yazidis Alaw.ioe Greeks Armeno,ians Marnteso Catholics Chaldeans Christian Jews Jewst Other Totals z

Vilayet of Aleppo 110,000 70.000 431.000 23,00 35,000 65,000 10,000 20.000 16,000 10,000 790,000 J

Vilaye of Beirut Sanjak of Beirut 130,000 1,10( 95,000 3,000 50,000 17.000 5,000 9,000 310,000 Sanjak of Akka 00,000 2,000 25,000 3,000 10,000 23,000 5,000 150,000 Sanjak of Tripoli 105,000 15,000 47,000 20,000 2,000 1,000 190,000 J Sanjak of Latakia 45,000 90,000 16,000 1,000 5,000 3,000 100,000 - Sanjak ofNablus 145,000 10,000 0,000 2,000 165,000 (

Total .505,100) 3,000 105,000 93,000 4,000 70,000 00,000 33,000 14,000 975,000

0) Vi1aye of Syrid') TI7 Santjak of Damascus 4201.0(0) 10,000 140,000 10,000 500,000 Santjak of Hama 175,000 20,000 70,000 265,000

Sanjak of Houan 1350(65,000150,000 145,000 Sanjak of Hoerak 130S00 650050,000 230,000

Total 0400(031 95,000 275,000 10,000 1,220,000 Q)

Sanjak ofUrfa 1600.000 1,000 21,000 1,000 7.000 1,000 4,000 195,000 0)

Sanjak ofZorif) 98,750 1,200 50 100,000

Sanjak of Lebanon 16,000 25,000(h) 51,000 90,000ot) 355,000 3,000 540,000

Sanjak ofJerusalemt 2800.000 60,000 75,000 10,000 423,000 t

Vilaye1 of Baghdad Division of Baghdad 130,000 54,000 15,000 .50,000 1,000 250,000 Divsaion of Samarra 66,500 14,200 300 01,000 0 Division of Dialah 55,000 00,100 400 1,700 900 104,100 Division of Kat 0,600 90,700 127 400 107,027 Division of Diwaniyeh 1,000 192,300 5,000 6,000 200 204,500 Division of Shamiyeh 450 109,000 20 530 5 190,000 Division of HiIIah 16,000 155,900 27 1,005 20 173,020 Division of Dalaimt 247.00) 200 200 2,600 250,000

l'oala 524.550 750,400 20,774 62,595 2,133 1,300,452

Vilavei of Basra Division of Basra 24,400 130,500 2,221 6,930 1,550 165,001 Divsnion of Amara 7,000 204,700 300 3,000 5,000 300(000 Division of Munttafiq 11,1511 306,200 30 100 2,440 319,980

Total 42,550 721,400 2,551 10,000 0,990 705,501

Vila vetof Mosul Division of Mosul 200,700 17,200 50,670 7,635 50,100 350,305 Divsion oif thbi 96.100 4,100 4,000 1,000 106,000 Divsnion of Kirkuk 05,00(1 5.000 000 1,400 92,000 Division of Suleimanich 153,000 100 1,000 155,000

l'otal 579.700 22,200 55.470 14,835 31.180(1) 702.36



SUMMARY OF POPULATION STATISTICS APPENDIX B

Moslems- 10,076,750; Turks-994,000; Kurds-1,194,000; Turks, Kurds &

Moslem Arabs- 1,014,000; Arabs- 160,000; Sunnites- 1,162,800; Shi'ites- 1,519,000; Druzes- 146,000; Yazidis-32,000; Alawites- 128,000; Greeks-1,927,500; Armenians-1,604,000;

Maronites & Syrians & Maronites-433,000; R. Catholics-12,000; Chaldeans- 108,000; Nestorians & other Christians- 104,000; Christians-457,995; Jews-274,570; Miscellaneous & Jews-73,500; Other Elements- 117,803. TOTAL-21,538,918

NOTES TO APPENDIX B

(a) The original headings were kept when preparing these tables. (b) This figure includes perhaps 100,000 Hellenic Greeks. (c) Includes 29,000 Lazes. (d) These figures are little more than conjectural. (e) This is merely an estimate. (f) This sanjak contains very large nomadic elements, thus the estimate is merely an

approximation. (g) Comprises 57,000 Greek Orthodox and 33,000 Greek Catholics. (h) Mutawallis (i) Mainly Yazidis in the Mosul area.


Contents[85]8687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106

Issue Table of ContentsMiddle Eastern Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jan., 1981), pp. 1-144Front Matter [pp. 1-2]The Syrian Political Elite, 1966-1976: A Spatial and Social Analysis [pp. 3-30]The Bu Himara Rebellion in Northeast Morocco: Phase I [pp. 31-48]Aspects of Labour Migration from North Yemen [pp. 49-63]The Campaign to Encourage Family Planning in Tunisia and Some Responses at the Village Level [pp. 64-84]Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and 1919 [pp. 85-106]The Bludan Congress on Palestine, September 1937 [pp. 107-125]Two Volumes of the Journal of Arabic Literature [pp. 126-133]Book ReviewsReview: untitled [pp. 134-135]Review: untitled [pp. 135-138]

Back Matter [pp. 139-144]

Documents

Author(s): Meir Zamir Source: Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 17, No. … · 2016. 4. 29. · Population Statistics of the Ottoman Empire in 1914 and 1919 Meir Zamir The purpose of this