Authored by M. Moyer 01-Mar-2011Modified by Lt Colonel Fred BlundellTX-129 Fort Worth Senior Squadron

For Local Training Rev 5.0 04-Jan-2014

This Training Slide Show is a project undertaken by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell of the TX-129 Fort Worth Senior Squadron, Fort Worth, TX for local use to

assist those CAP Members interested in advancing their skills. The information contained herein is for CAP Member’s personal use and is not intended to replace or be a substitute for any of the CAP National Training Programs. Users should review the presentation’s Revision Number at the

end of each file name to ensure that they have the most current publication.

Aircrew Tasks

CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Discuss the fundamentals of Crew

Resource Management (CRM) Discuss failures and error chain. Discuss situational awareness. Discuss how to regain SA once lost. Describe barriers to communications. Define/discuss task saturation. Discuss assignments and coordination

of duties.

Why CRM?

Properly trained aircrew members can collectively perform complex tasks better and make more accurate decisions than the single best performer on the team.

An untrained team's overall performance can be significantly worse than the performance of its weakest single member.

We will cover behavior and attitudes of teamwork and communication among team members.

Safety Statistics

General Aviation compared to CAP / per 100,000 hours

1996 7.79 7.651997 4.16 7.171998 4.76 7.431999 2.34 6.502000 0.94 6.572001 3.57 6.782002 7.37 6.692003 4.43 6.682004 5.23 6.492005 2.77 7.202006 1.84 6.352007 3.70 6.932008 2.84 6.862009 3.57 7.202010 1.78 6.89

YearCivil Air Patrol

All rates per 100,000 hours

*NTSB 2009 - Prelim RateNTSB - Avg of past 15 years

General Aviation

0123456789

Civil Air PatrolGeneral Aviation

Safety Statistics

Inspecti

on

Handlin

gTax

i

Preflight

Take off

Enroute

Landing

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

CAP FY10 Data: # of Mishaps Reported in Phase of Operation

# of Mishaps

Failures

Parts and equipment. Mechanical

failures People.

Human failures

The Error Chain

A series of event links that, when considered together, cause a mishap.

Should any one of the links be “broken,” then the mishap probably will not occur.

It is up to each crewmember to recognize a link and break the error chain.

Situational Awareness

Know what is going on around you… AT ALL TIMES

Requires: Good mental health Good physical health Attentiveness Inquisitiveness

Loss ofSituational Awareness

Strength of an Idea Hidden agenda Complacency Accommodation Sudden Loss of

Judgment

Symptoms of Loss ofSituational Awareness

Fixation Ambiguity

Complacency

Euphoria Confusion Distraction Overload

Hazardous Attitudes

Anti-authority

Impulsiveness

Invulnerability

Macho Resignation Get There It-

us

RegainingSituational Awareness

Reduce workload: Suspend the mission. Reduce threats:

Get away from the ground and other obstacles (e.g., climb to a safe altitude).

Establish a stable flight profile where you can safely analyze the situation.

Remember: “Aviate, Navigate, Communicate”

How do we get it back?

Trust your gut feelings “Time Out,” “Abort,” or “This is Stupid.”

Pilot establishes aircraft in a safe and stable configuration, and then discuss the problem

Sterile Cockpit Limit talk to the minimum necessary

for safety. Taxi, takeoff, departure, low-level

flying, approach, landing

Barriers ToCommunication

Hearing The biological function of receiving

sounds, converting them to electrical impulses, and having the brain interpret them

Listening Correctly identifying what the sender has

sent in their message

Barriers ToCommunication

(Continued)

Barriers ToCommunication

(Continued)

Distracters PHYSICAL/MENTAL: Noise, static,

simultaneous transmissions; fatigue and stress

WORDING: Incomplete or ambiguous message, too complex or uses unfamiliar terminology

PERSONAL: Boring, lack of rapport or lack of credibility

Task Saturation

Too much information at one time Too many tasks to accomplish in a given

time Usually occurs when an individual is

confronted with a new or unexpected situation and loses SA

Keep your workload to an acceptable level If you feel overwhelmed, tell the others

before becoming saturated and losing you situational awareness

Watch your team members for signs of saturation

Identification ofResources

External and internal Identify your resources, know where to find

them, and how to use them to accomplish the mission

Assignment of Duties

CAPR 60-3 Flight-related –

Aircraft commander (PIC)

Mission-related – Mission commander

(MO)

Crew Coordination

Understand and execute your assignments

Communicate Question

Summary

Pay close attention to all briefings

Understand the “big picture”

Watch for task overload in yourself and other crewmembers

Summary(Continued)

67% of air transport accidents occur during 17% of the flight time - taxi, takeoff, departure, approach and landing. Keep casual conversation and distractions to a minimum during these phases of flight.

Begin critical communications with instructions, then explain

Summary(Continued)

Successful missions hinge on each and every crewmember

Learn how to use the procedures and tools available to you, and use them correctly

Never stop learning

Summary(Continued)

Don’t be afraid to ask questions

Never criticize someone for asking questions

Anyone can call: “Time Out” “Abort” “This is Stupid”

Remember that the Mission Pilot must make the final decision based on the crew’s input.

QUESTIONS?

ALWAYS THINK SAFETY!