Authored by Gene Cross & Rodger W. Gordon - Mars... · A Traveler’s Guide to Mars, The Mysterious Landscapes of the Red Planet, Workman Publishing Company, 468 pages, 2003. Sheehan,

Topographic Features of Mars Observed by Topographic Features of Mars Observed by Hamilton & Capen, ALPO Conference 2006Hamilton & Capen, ALPO Conference 2006

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Topographic Features of Mars Topographic Features of Mars Observed by G.H. Hamilton (1924) Observed by G.H. Hamilton (1924)

and C.F. and C.F. CapenCapen (1969)(1969)

Authored by Authored by Gene Cross & Rodger W. GordonGene Cross & Rodger W. Gordon

(Presented by Gene Cross, July 20, 2006)(Presented by Gene Cross, July 20, 2006)


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AbstractAbstract

Topographic features on Mars were observed by G. Topographic features on Mars were observed by G. H. Hamilton and C.F. H. Hamilton and C.F. CapenCapen using using groundbasedgroundbasedtelescopes. telescopes. Features such as the craters Huygens, Copernicus, Features such as the craters Huygens, Copernicus, Newton, Newton, TharisTharis volcanoes & Olympus volcanoes & Olympus MonsMons, Valley , Valley MarinerisMarineris, and many others were observed. , and many others were observed. Hamilton (1924) used an 11Hamilton (1924) used an 11--inch inch AlvanAlvan Clark Clark refractor at 300X & 430X. refractor at 300X & 430X. CapenCapen (1969) used an 82(1969) used an 82--inch reflector at 800X & inch reflector at 800X & 1000X and with cameras. 1000X and with cameras. Images by the observers themselves, and one by Images by the observers themselves, and one by Tom Cave, will be shown. Tom Cave, will be shown.


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George H. Hamilton, mentored George H. Hamilton, mentored by W.H. Pickering, Jamaica, by W.H. Pickering, Jamaica, 19241924


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Topographic Features Topographic Features Observed by Hamilton, 1924Observed by Hamilton, 1924

Ringed Plains: Hellas Ringed Plains: Hellas PlanitiaPlanitia, , ArgyreArgyrePlanitiaPlanitia, Elysium , Elysium PlanitiaPlanitia, , IsidisIsidis PlanitiaPlanitia

Craters: Huygens, Copernicus, NewtonCraters: Huygens, Copernicus, Newton

Valleys: Valleys: MarinerisMarineris

Volcanoes: Volcanoes: TharisTharis, Olympus , Olympus MonsMons, Elysium , Elysium MonsMons


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Olympus Olympus MonsMons


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Olympus Olympus MonsMons


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Hamilton Versus Hamilton Versus TrumplerTrumpler(280mm in Jamaica Versus 760mm in California)(280mm in Jamaica Versus 760mm in California)


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Photograph Versus DrawingPhotograph Versus Drawing((SlipherSlipher photo, Hamilton drawing)photo, Hamilton drawing)


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Refracting Telescope Refracting Telescope used by Hamiltonused by Hamilton

Aperture = 280 mmAperture = 280 mmMagnification = 300X & 430X Magnification = 300X & 430X (and likely color filters)(and likely color filters)Eyepieces = Eyepieces = TollesTollesTelescope Design Type = Telescope Design Type = AchromatAchromat(corrected for (corrected for sphsph & two colors)& two colors)Maker = Maker = AlvanAlvan Clark & SonsClark & SonsWavefront Error < 1/8 wave PV at Best Focus Wavefront Error < 1/8 wave PV at Best Focus (single color, best estimate of WFE)(single color, best estimate of WFE)Location = Jamaica (Harvard Observatory Station)Location = Jamaica (Harvard Observatory Station)


1010

Charles F. Charles F. CapenCapen, , director of JPLdirector of JPL’’s s groundbasedgroundbased planetary observation planetary observation program & Table Mt. Observatory, 1969program & Table Mt. Observatory, 1969


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Reflecting Telescope used Reflecting Telescope used by by CapenCapen (1969)(1969)

Aperture = 2,080 mmAperture = 2,080 mmMagnification = 800X & 1000X + (and color filters)Magnification = 800X & 1000X + (and color filters)Eyepieces = Eyepieces = PlosslsPlossls ((EtsEts. S.R. Clave). S.R. Clave)Telescope Design = Classical Telescope Design = Classical CassegrainCassegrain(corrected for spherical aberration & all colors (corrected for spherical aberration & all colors parfocalparfocal))

Telescope Maker = J.W. Telescope Maker = J.W. FeckerFecker Company Company (AKA: John Brashear Company)(AKA: John Brashear Company)Optics Upgrade: Jean Optics Upgrade: Jean TexereauTexereau repolishedrepolished, 1964, 1964Wavefront Error < 1/8 wave PV at Best Focus Wavefront Error < 1/8 wave PV at Best Focus (WFE < 1/40 wave RMS, based on published measures)(WFE < 1/40 wave RMS, based on published measures)

Location = Texas (McDonald Observatory, U of T)Location = Texas (McDonald Observatory, U of T)


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Topographic Features Topographic Features Observed by Observed by CapenCapen, 1969, 1969

Ringed Plains: Hellas Ringed Plains: Hellas PlanitiaPlanitia, Elysium , Elysium PlanitiaPlanitia, , IsidisIsidis PlanitiaPlanitia

Craters: HuygensCraters: Huygens

Valleys: Valleys: MarinerisMarineris

Volcanoes: Elysium Volcanoes: Elysium MonsMons


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Huygens CraterHuygens Crater(Mariner IV)(Mariner IV)


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Huygens CraterHuygens Crater(495 km diameter and variable light and dark floor favors (495 km diameter and variable light and dark floor favors

visibility.)visibility.)


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Huygens CraterHuygens Crater(325mm Reflector, Tom Cave, Long (325mm Reflector, Tom Cave, Long

Beach, California, 1993)Beach, California, 1993)


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Huygens CraterHuygens Crater(2080mm Reflector, (2080mm Reflector, CapenCapen, 1969), 1969)


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Huygens CraterHuygens Crater(254mm Refractor, (254mm Refractor, groundbasedgroundbased, , ccdccd webcam)webcam)


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Predicted Predicted ObservabilityObservability of of Martian Topographic Martian Topographic Features Features ((CapenCapen, 1982), 1982)


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ReferencesReferences

Cross, Eugene W., Private Communications, 2006.Cross, Eugene W., Private Communications, 2006.Gordon, Rodger W., Observing the Craters of Mars, Part 1, Gordon, Rodger W., Observing the Craters of Mars, Part 1, TypographicaTypographica Publishing, 52 pages, 2003.Publishing, 52 pages, 2003.Gordon, Rodger W., Private Communications, 2006.Gordon, Rodger W., Private Communications, 2006.Gordon, Rodger W., Sheehan, William, Gordon, Rodger W., Sheehan, William, ““Solved: The MarsSolved: The Mars--Crater Mystery,Crater Mystery,”” Sky and Telescope, pages 64Sky and Telescope, pages 64--67, November, 67, November, 2005.2005.Hartmann, William K., A TravelerHartmann, William K., A Traveler’’s Guide to Mars, The s Guide to Mars, The Mysterious Landscapes of the Red Planet, Workman Mysterious Landscapes of the Red Planet, Workman Publishing Company, 468 pages, 2003.Publishing Company, 468 pages, 2003.Sheehan, William, The Planet Mars, A History of Observation Sheehan, William, The Planet Mars, A History of Observation and Discovery, U of Arizona Press, 1996.and Discovery, U of Arizona Press, 1996.


2020

AbstractAbstract

Topographic features on Mars were observed by G. Topographic features on Mars were observed by G. H. Hamilton and C.F. H. Hamilton and C.F. CapenCapen using using groundbasedgroundbasedtelescopes. telescopes. Features such as the craters Huygens, Copernicus, Features such as the craters Huygens, Copernicus, Newton, Newton, TharisTharis volcanoes & Olympus volcanoes & Olympus MonsMons, Valley , Valley MarinerisMarineris, and many others were observed. , and many others were observed. Hamilton (1924) used an 11Hamilton (1924) used an 11--inch inch AlvanAlvan Clark Clark refractor at 300X & 430X. refractor at 300X & 430X. CapenCapen (1969) used an 82(1969) used an 82--inch reflector at 800X and inch reflector at 800X and with cameras. with cameras. Images by the observers themselves, and one by Images by the observers themselves, and one by Tom Cave, will be shown. Tom Cave, will be shown.


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FiniFini

Last update July 19, 2006.Last update July 19, 2006.

Documents

Authored by Gene Cross & Rodger W. Gordon - Mars... · A Traveler’s Guide to Mars, The Mysterious Landscapes of the Red Planet, Workman Publishing Company, 468 pages, 2003. Sheehan,