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• Introduction
• Methods of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles
• Nitparticles Brand of Nanoimmunotech.
Outline
The Scale of things
The nanoparticles are 1,000
times smaller than the tip of a
human hair Credit: Harvard Medical School
Sizes and shape of different nanoparticles. This cartoon shows the morphology of nanoparticles.Source: Moresco & Masserine 2012.
Nanoparticles as building blocks for bottom-up technology.
Nanorex, Inc.
Nanoparticles posses unique optical,
electronic, magnetic properties due to
mechanical quantum effects.
Figure 1 (a and b)
The Lycurgus Cup 1958,1202.1 in reflected (a) and transmitted (b)
light. © The Trustees of the British Museum
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
image of a silver-gold alloy particle within
the glass of the Lycurgus Cup. © The
Trustees of the British Museum.
The Lycurgus Cup – A Roman
Nanotechnology (IV century A.D.)
Freestone, I. et al. Gold Bulletin 2007 • 40/4, 270-277
Nanotechnology is not new, it has been employed for over a thousand years!
Medieval Stained glass windows.
Nanotechnology is not new, it has been employed for over a thousand years!
Medieval Stained glass windows.
In 1857, Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
reported that the "ruby fluids" found as
a byproduct of the reduction of gold
chlorides by phosphorus were
suspensions of metallic gold particles
too small to be visible in even the most
powerful microscopes of his time. He is
thus justly famed as the first to
discover metallic gold "colloids“.
Slide that Faraday used in his lecture on gold
sols, in 1858. Image © the Whipple Museum
(Wh.0654).
In 1908, Gustav Mie (1869-1957) using Maxwell´s electromagnetic
theory, provided a theoretical treatment of plasmon resonance
absorption of Gold colloids. The sharp absorption bands depend on the
particle size and explain the change in colour that occurs as the size of
the colloid is increased from 20 to 1600 nm.
In 1908, Gustav Mie (1869-1957) using Maxwell´s electromagnetic
theory, provided a theoretical treatment of plasmon resonance
absorption of Gold colloids. The sharp absorption bands depend on the
particle size and explain the change in colour that occurs as the size of
the colloid is increased from 20 to 1600 nm.
Approaches for synthesis of nanopartícles
Methodologies for synthesis of nanopartícles
Methodologies for synthesis of nanopartícles
O O
O
O
O
O
O O
COO- COO-
COO-
COO-
COO-
COO- COO-
- OOC
- OOC
- OOC - OOC
- OOC
- OOC
• Turkevich-Frens method: yields nanoparticles > 5 nm diameter stabilized by
citrate ions in aqueous solution.
citrate
AuCl4- AuNPs
Bottom-up: Chemical synthesis of metal nanoparticles
Turkevich, J.; Stevenson, P. C.; Hillier, J. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1951, 11, 55-75.
• The Brust-Schiffrin Method: Two-Phase Synthesis and Stabilization by Thiols.
It yields nanoparticles < 5 nm diameter stabilized by thiols in organic phase
.
H2O
AuCl4- (aq) + N(C8H17)4
+ (C6H5Me) N(C8H17)4+ AuCl4
- (C6H5Me)
thiol NaBH4
Toluene
NaBH4
Thiol Toluene H2O
Bottom-up: Chemical synthesis of metal nanoparticles
S
SSS
S
S
SS
SS S
Thioctic
acid Toluene
BrN
+R
R
R
R
Water
C
S
OHS
O
AgNPs AgNPs
• The Brust-Schiffrin Method: Two-Phase Synthesis and Stabilization by Thiols.
300 400 500 600 7000.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
(b)
(a)
Ab
so
rba
nc
e
Wavelength (nm)
(a)
(b)
“Nanoparticles remained unaltered with no loss caused by oxidation or photodegradation after 1 year”
Bottom-up: Chemical synthesis of metal nanoparticles
• The Brust-Schiffrin Method: Two-Phase Synthesis and Stabilization by Thiols.
O
C
S
O
S
O
SC
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
C
SO
SO
C
S
O
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
TEM image of TA-derivatized gold nanoparticles after transfer into water.
Average diameter: (2.9 ± 0.8) nm
Thioctic acid-capped gold nanoparticles
Bottom-up: Chemical synthesis of metal nanoparticles
Chemical vapor synthesis method for production of nanoparticles
Bottom-up: Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles
Bottom-up: Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles
Mechanical milling
Laser ablation synthesis Arc discharge synthesis
Physical methods
Mechanical milling
Laser ablation synthesis Arc discharge synthesis
Physical methods
• Gold clusters (0.8nm – 3nm).
Lipoic-Au cluster
O
C
S
O
S
O
SC
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
C
SO
SO
C
S
O
S
O
C
S
O
S
O
Tiopronin-Au cluster
Nanomaterials Commercialization Portfolio
• Gold Nanoparticles
NITgold Cit: Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (3 – 100 nm)
NITgold COOH-PEG: COOH-PEG functionalized gold
nanoparticles
HOOC-
Nanomaterials Commercialization Portfolio
• Magnetic gold coated Nanoparticles
• Monodispersed Core-Shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles
Nanomaterials Commercialization Portfolio
• Gold Nanostars
• High quality Gold nanostars nanoparticles
Nanomaterials Commercialization Portfolio
• Silica-Coated NITgold Nanoparticles 25nm
Nanomaterials Commercialization Portfolio
• Gold nanoparticle bioconjugation kits
Nanomaterials Commercialization Portfolio
Thank you!
info@nanoimmunotec
h.es
