Australian National Speed Measurement Program: Technology, Type Approval, Verification Eur Ing Dr Richard Brittain LLB

OIML TC7/SC4 NIST 16-18 July 2013

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Australian National Speed Measurement Program: Technology, Type Approval, Verification

Eur Ing Dr Richard Brittain LLBManager, Legal Metrology Authority Appointments


Australian National Speed Measurement Program

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Introduction

Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia

Pattern approval testing criteria under discussion

Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments



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Introduction

Chartered Engineer/Physicist/Scientist

Solicitor and Barrister Supreme Court of News South Wales

~21 years in legal metrology

Manager, Legal Metrology Authority Appointments

NMI division of DIICCSRTE



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Introduction



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Same size as USA (minus Alaska)

Population ~23 million

Federation of States (like USA)

8 ‘States’ (6 States + 2 self governing Territories)



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Constitution specific responsibilities – Commonwealth- residual States (like USA)

Inverse of Canadian constitution?

Common law country (like USA) – presumption of innocence and adversarial

Regulation of traffic speed - State responsibility



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Commonwealth – through NMI gives effect to international treaty obligations wrt measurement

Treaty of the Metre - 1947

OIML Convention - 1959

National Measurement Act 1960 (Cth)



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Commonwealth – through NMI gives effect to international treaty obligation wrt measurement

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PERTH

DARWIN

Alice Springs

SYDNEY CANBERRA

MELBOURNE

BRISBANE

HOBART

ADELAIDE

LauncestonUlverstone

WarragulBairnsdale

WarrnamboolGeelong

BendigoAlbury

Queanbeyan / Kingston

Wollongong

Orange

Wagga Wagga

Dubbo

Tamworth

Armidale

Gosford

Newcastle

Coffs Harbour

Port Macquarie

Lismore

Southport Toowoomba

Maroochydore

Hervey Bay

Rockhampton

Cairns

Townsville

http://www.measurement.gov.au

http://www.measurement.gov.au/



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National Measurement Act 1960 (Cth)

Australian legal units of measurement (ALUMs)

reflect SI units into Australian law

Sole legal units of measurement for physical quantities

Veracity of legal measurements – ALUMs



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Traceability to ALUMs – legal traceability

ALUMs realized by standards

Australian primary standards of measurement

Verification

Australian secondary standards of measurement reference standards of measurement etc



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Veracity of legal measurements – ALUMs by

means of...

reference to...

comparison with...

derivation from...



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Standards of measurement

Certified measuring instruments

Australian certified reference materials

Combinations of one or more



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National metrological control

Measuring instruments in ‘use for trade’ – determine

consideration in respect of transaction; or

amount of a tax



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Legal Measuring instruments – determine physical quantities

law enforcement purposes

demonstrating compliance (or otherwise) with legal limit (State or Commonwealth)

in issue in litigation



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Metrological control system

pattern (or type) approval

Conformity to type auditing (CTT)

Certification/verification

Speed – certified measuring instruments



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Metrological control system


conformity to type auditing (CTT)

certification/verification



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Measuring instruments in ‘use for trade’

mandatory metrological control by Commonwealth



verification + mark (generally or batch certificate)



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Legal measuring instruments – inc. speed

national (Commonwealth) metrological control optional



certification - mark and certificate

certified measuring instruments



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Certificate – pattern approval CMI, ACRMs, RSM etc

may be received in evidence in:

State courts

Commonwealth courts

any proceeding authorized to receive nod examine evidence



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Certificate – pattern approval CMI, ACRMs, RSM etc

taken to be correctly issued

signed by the purported signatory

signatory taken to be authorized

unless the contrary is established



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Current situation

Regulation of traffic speed

State law and regulators

police

roads and traffic authorities



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Current situation

Development of national measurement/legal metrology system/infrastructure

Under discussion with State regulators

Pattern approval based on revised OIML R91

unless not practicable; or

not in the ‘national interest’



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Current situation

Some engagement by States with national infrastructure

Use of legally traceable standards

Fitness for purpose (design/pattern/type)

ascertained by each jurisdiction

not based on OIML R91



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Current situation

Requirements/criteria for fitness for purpose

jurisdiction specific criteria

experience (reputation?)

Australian standards



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Current situation

Standards Australia - criteria

AS 2898 Radar speed detection

Part 1 Functional requirements and definitions Part 2 Operational procedures

AS 4691 Laser-based see detection devices

Part 1 Definitions and device requirements Part 2 Operational procedures



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Current situation

NMI input to revision of OIML R91

Based on discussions:

traffic regulators

measuring instrument suppliers

pattern approval criteria pre-R91 revision

aligned with revised R91



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Current situation

NMI draft pattern approval requirements

Under discussion:

format - OIML B6-2 Directives for OIML technical work. Part 2: Guide to the drafting and presentation of OIML publications

testing - OIML D 11 General requirements for electronic measuring instruments



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Current situation

NMI draft pattern approval requirements

Scope?

narrow or wide?

all at once or staged?



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Challenges

National metrological control system

adoption

treaty obligations

start date

transition

legal process



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Pattern approval criteria under discussion

general requirements/reference conditions

general and environmental (climatic) disturbances and influences

mechanical disturbances and influences

electrical, electromagnetic and radio frequency disturbances

electrical, mains power supply disturbances and influence

electrical, battery power influences

other performance tests

technical requirements



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General requirements

speed kilometres per hour (km/h) time Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) + appropriate offset scale interval 1 km/h range 30 to 250 km/h

MPEs ±2 km/h up to 100 km/h then ±2% pattern approval testing; ±3 km/h up to 100 km/h then ±3% field certification



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Reference conditions

ambient temperature 20 °C ±2 °C

relative humidity 30 to 70%

atmospheric pressure 86 kPa to 106 kPa

power voltage 230 V +10% -6% - frequency of 50 Hz

or as are specified in the certificate of pattern approval



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General and environmental (climatic) disturbances and influences

dry heat (non condensing) - OIML D11 severity level 3

cold -10°C for 2 hours - OIML D11 severity level 2

damp heat, cyclic (condensing) - OIML D11 severity level 2

water - OIML D11 severity level 2

sand and dust - OIML D11 severity level 1



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Mechanical disturbances and influences

vibration (random) - OIML D11 severity level 1

vibration (sinusoidal) - OIML D11 severity level 1

mechanical shock - OIML severity level 2



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Electrical, electromagnetic and radio frequency disturbances

radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic fields 80 – 1400 MHz or 3 GHz/6GHz if possible - OIML D11 severity level 3

conducted radio-frequency electromagnetic fields - OIML D11 severity level 3

electrostatic discharge - OIML D11 severity level 3

bursts (transients) + surges on signal, data and control line - OIML D11 severity level 3



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Electrical, mains power supply disturbances and influences

AC mains voltage variation - OIML D11 severity level 1

AC mains frequency variation - OIML D11 severity level 1

AC mains voltage dips, shorts interruptions and voltage variations - OIML D11 severity level 3

bursts (transients) on AC and DC mains - OIML D11 severity level 3



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Electrical, battery power influences

low voltage of internal battery - OIML D11 severity level 1

power from external 12 V and 24 V road vehicle batteries (if applicable) - OIML D11 severity level C for 12 Volt batteries and level F for 24 Volt batteries)

established whether any accompanying “flash” system was activated on each simulation



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Other performance tests

aperture setting of image capturing component (if applicable)

flash rate (if applicable)

mounting of illuminators - a pole or bracket representative of mounting hardware normally used for operational purposes



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Other performance tests

aperture setting of image capturing component (if applicable)

flash rate (if applicable)

mounting of illuminators - a pole or bracket representative of mounting hardware normally used for operational purposes



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Technical requirements

requirements for construction

security of operation

protection against fraud

ease of reading

materials and construction

adjustment and correction



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Technical requirements

installation conditions

rated operating conditions - at least -10 °C to +60 °C

marks and inscriptions - uniquely identified /pattern approved/certified

indicating devices – additional/alternative approved

certification marks - in accordance with relevant legislation



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Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments using precision radar/lidar

Proposed national metrological control system

pattern approval

(conformity to type (CTT) auditing)

certification – marked and certificate issued

‘certified measuring instruments’



4343

SIUnits

Australianlegal units ofMeasurement

AustralianPrimary Standards

AustralianSecondary Standards

State Primary ReferenceStandards of StandardsMeasurement

WorkingStandards

Measurements in industry, commerce and the community

First Level Standards

General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM)

National Measurement Institute (NMI)

NATA Laboratories and legal metrology authorities

Second Level Standards

Third Level Standards

National Measurement Legislation

Legal Traceability

Traceability



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national pattern approval standard

pattern approval testing

National Instrument Test Procedures

initial certification/verification

subsequent certification/verification

use for legal purposes(legally traceable measurements)

pattern compliance



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OIMLtreaty

NationalMeasurement

Legislation

ALUMS PatternApproval

AustralianMeasurement

standards

Metretreaty SI units


Pattern compliance

Legally traceablemeasurements



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SIUnits

Australianlegal units ofMeasurement

AustralianPrimary Standards

AustralianSecondary Standards

State Primary ReferenceStandards of StandardsMeasurement

WorkingStandards

Measurements in industry, commerce and the community

OIMLtreaty

NationalMeasurement

Legislation

ALUMS PatternApproval

AustralianMeasurement

standards

Metretreaty SI units


Pattern compliance

Legally traceablemeasurements



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Certification – field testing

provides additional public confidence over and above bench testing/simulation

based on manufacturer’s instructions

legally traceable to ALUMs



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Certification – Field testing

Field testing

directed vehicles

speed measured by precision radar/lidar

MPE ±3 km/h or 3%

accuracy (uncertainty) of field testing ~± 1 km/h

precision radar or lidar theoretical limit of accuracy ≥0.01 km/h



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Certification – Precision radar

range 0 to 99.9 km/h

resolution 0.1 km/h

no leading digit display over 99.9 km/h

accuracy be increased by:

increased internal oscillator stability (external oscillator?) reduced computation truncations and algorithm errors



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Certification – Precision lidar

display resolution currently 1 km/h

calculated resolution 0.1 km/h

range up to 320 km/h

greater accuracy requires accessing and using pre-display data

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National Measurement InstituteBradfield RoadWest Lindfield NSW 2070Australia

Phone: + 61 2 8467 3600

Email: [email protected]

Documents

Australian National Speed Measurement Program: Technology, Type Approval, Verification Eur Ing Dr Richard Brittain LLB