Australian/ International Photography: Mid 20th century photography artist such as David Moore

and Max Dupain Balanced their practice between commercial and individual/personal

pursuits. Discuss how one of these artist developed his individual styles to portray

particular meanings and messages. Compare their work.

Today we are going to talk about,

• What is Photography?

what does it actually mean• Two Australian photographers, Max Dupain

and David Moore. Their personal and commercial pursuits.

• Frameworks, focusing on two for each artist.• An international recognized photographer

Dorothea Lange US photographer)

What is photography?Photography is the process, activity and art of creating still or moving

pictures on a sensitized surface by the action of radiant energy and especially light…

This is recorded most traditionally in photographic film, (such as 35mm, 120 or medium format and large format).

Photography has changed, but its definition is still valid, the digital era has changed it in the sense that the digital camera is the new medium in which photographs(pictures/images are obtained. A digital camera obtains images by the action of light on a light sensitive surface.(digital sensor).

The actual word “ photography” is derived from the Greek language. Photo means light and graph means written. So you get the idea.

Different types of photography• Art photography, which is when the photographer produces

photographs that are created in accordance with the creative vision of the photographer as artist. Fine art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides visual support for stories, mainly in the print media, and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to sell products or services.

• Commercial photography is probably best defined as any photography for which the photographer is paid for images rather than works of art.

• Photojournalism, is a particular form of journalism that creates images in order to tell a news story. Strands from these can be, documentary photography, social documentary photography, street photography and so fourth.

• Scientific photography is another form of photography• And so fourth the list can go on.

Max Dupain,Born in Sydney in 1911, died July 1992.

“Photography is a new means of expression in society. In a hundred years it has evolved to a state of being a primary visual force in our lives. ‘The present standard of visual expression in any field, painting, sculpture, architecture and especially the advertising arts, is nourishing by the visual food which the new photography provides.’ In the past it was the painter who brought the behavior and expression of peoples to the surface of consciousness, today it is the photographer. – “Max Dupain - Australia, 1947

MAX DUPAIN

Max DupainVITAL BEGININGS OF DUPAINS LIFE– Maxwell Spencer Dupain (1911-1992) is regarded as one of Australia's

greatest photographers. He stressed simplicity and directness in his work, creating images of sharp focus, boldness and graphic composition.

– Max Dupain got his 1st camera when he was 13 years old and quickly developed his own artistic photographic skills.

– In 1928 he joined the NSW Photographic Society and there he met one of his biggest influences, Harold Cazneaux, another great Australian pictorial photographer. (who Dupain has said was his biggest influence.

– In 1930 he began an apprenticeship with another master of photography Cecil Boston, there in the studio he learnt many photographic techniques, disciplines and a rigorous attention to detail. which later became one of his most

significant talents. – Outside the various studios he was part of, he attended Julian Ashton's Art

School.– By 1934 Max Dupain had struck out on his own and opened a studio in Bond

Street, Sydney. His work became purely commercial, working with clients such as David Jones, Sydney based magazines such as home, the Australian Broadcasting commission and the likes. His work ranged from Fashion Photography to portraiture and illustrative photography.

Max DupainVITAL MILSTONES OF DUPAINS LIFE– In 1937, while on the south coast of New South Wales, he

photographed the head and shoulders of a friend Harold Salvage lying on the sand at Cullburra Beach. The shot, entitled "Sunbaker", became Dupain's most famous piece, However, it was not until the 1970s that the photograph received wide recognition. It was purchased in 1976 by the National Gallery of Australia

– During world war II, he served with the Royal Australian Air Force in both Darwin and Papua New Guinea helping to create camouflage and thus his work changed once the war was over, it made him realize a greater truth in documentation. We built camouflage and photographed it for southbound reports’, Dupain recalled.

– In the 50’s he started venturing once again in the commercial or promotional photography medium, advertising for agencies. This is when his love for architecture evolved and began a new step in his carrier. A step he continue to pursue right until the end of his life in 1992.

– His personal and commercial work both varied from portraiture to architectural photography.

Max Dupain

• He is particularly well known for his intimate portraits of beach culture in the 1930s and 40s, but for Dupain, these photographs were simply “how I used to spend my weekends, taking pictures for exhibition as a break from commercial work." His most celebrated image, Sunbaker, was taken while on holidays - "The best work is always done on holidays"

• Sunbaker 1937, his most iconic images

Dupain, Max Surf race start, 1940

Max Dupain, was inspired by the beach, his portraiture of beach life spans from early in his carrier right through to the end of his carrier.

•Max Dupain: Sunbaker, 1937 (1),

•Bondi, 1939 (2),

• At Newport, 1952 (3),

•Mother & Child, 1937 (4)

Max DupainArchitecture.• During the week however, Dupain was a versatile commercial

photographer and an early champion of modernist architecture. One of his most comprehensive projects was his documentation of the entire construction process of the Sydney Opera House, a project he photographed so extensively that his final catalogue of some 1500 photographs was said to have resembled a flick-book depicting the iconic sails rising from the ground.

• His architectural photography is sharp, simple and straightforward, with angles and compositions that were considered to be daring and occasionally controversial at the time.

[Left to Right, Top to Bottom] Sydney Opera House 1965, 1965, 1967, 1973

Max Dupain’s famous image of Seidler’s Australia Square, 1967

Dupain’s architectural imagery.

Max Dupain, Opera House and Harbour Bridge, circa 1973.

Max Dupain,rose seidler house.

Even with Architecture photography, Max Dupain had an eye for detail, composition, line and most importantly LIGHT.

As we can see in this image his b&w contrast are phenomenal.

[L to R] Shark Tower, c. 1939 Staircase, Buhrich I House, 1958

During his carrier he worked in collaboration with many architects, documenting their work.

[Top to Bottom] Rose House, c. 1951

, Fredericks Farmhouse, 1983

Dupain also photographed the work of many preeminent local (or locally based) architects, including a 45 year collaboration with Harry Seidler's, and many early projects of Pritzker Prize Laureate, Glenn Murcutt.

Activity One

Formal framework: Visual analysis, technique, style, symbols and metaphors.Visual Analysis: As a group, choose ONE of Max Dupain’s images you like and ONE you don’t like.1) What do you like about it? Think about a range of elements and principles, such as light, line, etc.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) What don’t you like about it? Discuss among your group.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Contemporary framework: How current art idea/issues challenge understandings, or create new meanings in contemporary context.

1). Write down a sentence on how photography has change from its beginnings to now?………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

David Moore, Born 1927,Sydney, died 2003,Longueville,NSW

"I would like my pictures to reflect a little of the respect I have for great masters of the past, at the same time as celebrating the mystery of ambiguous elements which are often embedded in photographs." D.M.1997

DAVID MOORE

DAVID MOOREEarly years

• David Moore was born in 1927, Sydney.• He first got into photography when at the age of 11, his father John

D Moore, an architect gave him his 1st box camera.• Moore was went to school at Geelong Grammar School, but he

began his carrier as a photographer/photojournalist when he went to the studio of Russell Roberts in Sydney where he learnt many techniques in 1947.

• He also worked with Max Dupain and despite being offered a junior partnership with Dupain, Moore decided to leave Australia and moved to London.

• Just before his departure overseas David Moore took a photograph of a cruise ship liner, Departure of the 'Himalaya', Sydney 1950. this photo helped him be recognized through out the photographic community.

Departure of the 'Himalaya', Sydney 1950.

Another of David Moore’s more iconic images. Look for his unique use of angle and contrast.

Do you think this image is effective in portraying the feeling of voyage?

Himalaya and Fort Denison - 1950 Another angle of Moore’s iconic Himalaya cruise liner images.

'Port Brisbane', Pyrmont 1947

Here once again, David Moore has shown the viewer a different perspective of a ship. Portraying an effective way on voyage.

David Moore

International recognition

• Leaving Australia to live in London in 1951 changed Moore’s life. there he took full advantage of commercial photography of the era,

• Moore’s adoption of the lightweight hand-held 35mm cameras used by top photojournalists after his arrival in London also enabled him to capture more spontaneous movement and action in his assignments. Based in London for 7 or so years, Moore was send on many assignments around Europe, Africa and the U.S.A

• His commissioned work appeared in the New Yorker, Time, The observer and other publications alike

• Moore’s best-known photograph from these years is of a group of nuns at Washington airport taken in 1956.

Sisters of Charity, Washington D.C., U.S.A. - 1956.

Seen from above the figures are transformed with the white petal forms of their hats set off against a velvety darkness occasionally swept by the curves of arms and sleeves and clusters of hands.

A similar finely honed synchronicity of reportage and abstraction can be seen in this image which shows another version of Sisters of Charity, Washington D.C., U.S.A. - 1956.

Nuns at Lourdes centenary, France - 1958

David Moore

Returning Home

• He returned to Australia in 1958, contributing picture stories to magazines including Walkabout but continued to publish in American and British magazines, joining the New York-based Black Star photo agency.(top photo agencies in the world)

• In the 1970s Moore developed non-commissioned works aimed at capturing what he called "the soft flow of time", as opposed to the "decisive moment" favored by magazine editors. Moore was based in Sydney and here his work reflected his views of Australia.

Pitjantjatjara children I, South Australia - 1963. When Moore returned to Australia he went out to rural

remote communities around the country and captured everyday life in the outback. He has been said to say that this was one of the most profound times of his life.

Life Savers of Manly 1959

•Throughout his prolific career, Moore produced a remarkable body of work that amassed over 200,000 negatives. His work was diverse, from documentary photography, to photojournalism, from refined abstraction, to romantic landscapes, from portraiture to architectural photography.

•Time after time he created images of exceptional quality and technical mastery. From the realism of his documentary work to his experimentation with abstraction, Moore's innate sense of design, composition and form typified his original and consistent vision.

David Moore died in 23 January 2003, in Longueville, New South Wales

ACTIVITY 1 David Moore

Compare and Contrast both photographs against each other using descriptive words. Think about subject matter, themes, techniques principles and elements etc.

(1) Nuns at Lourdes centenary, France – 1958 and (2)Sisters of Charity, Washington D.C., U.S.A. –1956

Similarities Differences

ACTIVITY Max Dupain and David MooreFormal framework: Visual analysis, technique, style, symbols and metaphors.Using Visual analysis, write down three things for each of these photographs.Max Dupain………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………David Moore………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Max Dupain, At Newport, 1952 David Moore, Christmas Day swim, The Serpentine, London -1954

Dorothea Lange, Born May 26, 1895 – died, October 11, 1965)

“One should really use the camera as though tomorrow you'd be stricken blind. To live a visual life is an enormous undertaking, practically unattainable. I've only touched it, just touched it.” D.L

Dorothea Lange• Dorothea Lange was born in May 26, 1895 in Hoboken New Jersey.• She was born Dorothea Margaretta Netzhorn at birth but when her father

abounded her family at the age of twelve, she dropped her middle name and too on her moderns maiden name Lange.

• At the age of seven she contracted polio which left her with a weakened right leg and a permanent limp

"It formed me, guided me, instructed me, helped me and humiliated me," Lange once said of her altered gait. "I've never gotten over it, and I am aware of the force and power of it.

• Dorothea Lange was fiercely independent. She studied photography at Columbia University which upset her mother, who wanted her to become a teacher, just like her. Instead she went to uptown in New York to the studio of a famous portrait photographer, Arnold Genthe, and asked him for a job. She was hired, and her life's work began. She learned how to set up a camera and studio lights, there she learnt the techniques that helped her become one of U.S.A most famous and respected photographers.

• In 1918, she moved to San Francisco and by the following year she had opened a successful portrait studio

Dorothea Lange• With the onset of the Great Depression, Lange turned her camera lens from

the studio to the street. And her personal work became her commercial work.

• The pain of her childhood, gave her a fuller sense of what suffering meant, Her searing studies of homelessness immediately captured the attention of local photographers and led to her employment with the federal Resettlement Administration (RA), later called the FSA. From 1935 to 1940, Lange's work for the RA and FSA brought the plight of the poor and forgotten, particularly displaced farm families and migrant workers, to public attention. Distributed free of charge to newspapers across the country, her poignant images quickly became icons of the era,

• The great depression deepened her compassion for the destitution and despair that she saw all around her.

• She would walk into camps, where homeless pea-pickers and refugees of the Oklahoma dust bowl were scraping by, sometimes starving to death, and talk to them until they felt comfortable enough to have their pictures taken. Her limp, she thought, created an instant rapport between herself and her subjects. She said that people trusted her more because she didn't appear "whole and secure" in the face of their poverty and insecurity.

Dorothea LangeHer most famous photograph, commonly known as Migrant Mother, 1936.

• Her most famous photograph, known as Migrant Mother 1936, was the sixth and last frame taken of Lange's haphazard visit to a migrant workers' campsite (pea pickers) in Nipomo, California, while on assignment as a photographer for the Resettlement Administration (RA), which soon would become the better-known Farm Security Administration (FSA). . She had initially passed the campsite, but twenty minutes later, she turned around on the highway to take another look.

Dorothea Lange• Her assignment work as a photographer for the Resettlement Administration

(RA), which soon would become the better-known Farm Security Administration (FSA) made her carrier. She took powerful, provoking, awaking and profound images that showed the suffering people across America where experiencing during the great depression.

• I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction. I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was thirty-two. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields, and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it.

• Lange sent the photograph to the editor of a San Francisco newspaper to the plight of the workers at the camp, presenting him with two of her photos. The editor informed federal authorities and published an article that included Lange's images. As a result, the government rushed a shipment of 20,000 lbs. of food to the camp. The photos' wider impact included influencing John Steinbeck in the writing of his novel The Grapes of Wrath.

Images that Lange took of the pea pickers camp during the1936 great depression, in Nipomo, California. Images that where both very personal and commercial works.

Max Dupain, David Moore and Dorothea Lange

• All three photographers, had a long life perusing their personal artistic photographic skills and commercial photographic journeys.

• They all varied and distinguished themselves by adapting to their environment.

• Dupain with his impressive comprehension of form, light, line and contrast in his amazing architectural work and in his personal work.

• Moore, with his ability to reportage basic everyday events, focusing in showing the greater audience the ability to use contrast to emphasis beauty.

• And Lange, with the ability to capture photographs that told a story, from her work in the great depression to her work in wwII.

• All three photographers adapted their personal and commercial work to fit their particular audiences.