Upload
timsano
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
1/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
The design o a Tiled roo and iTs supporTing sTrucTure requires careul
consideraTion, involving undersTanding o a number o building sTandards.
one o The key responsibiliTies o The speciier is To deTermine The design gusT
wind speed aecTing a parTicular siTe.
design
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
2/14
conTenTs
design consideraTions 1
wind caTegories 2
Terrain caTegories 5
ixing requiremenTs or Tiles and accessories 6
edge Technology ixing speciicaTion 10
raTer lengTh and spacings 11
baTTen sizes and raTer spacings 12
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
3/14
d
esign
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
1
secTion3
designconsideraTions
The installation specications given in this
manual are based on a basic wind speed
or ultimate strength o 74m/s at a height
o 6m rom ground level. This is suitable
or sites in Regions A, B and New Zealand.
For installation specications or designated
cyclonic areas i.e. Regions C and D it is
also advisable to consult both your building
engineer and your local CSR Roong oce.
This section will cover CSR Roongs
recommended installing specications
based on the design gust wind speed, as
well as:
Minimum roo pitch requirements
Maximum rater length requirements
Rater and truss spacings and batten
requirements
Batten installing requirements
Sarking/underlay installation
requirements
Please note that relevant local authorities
may apply special specication to the
nal structure. Speciers are advised
to determine local requirements beore
proceeding.
Furthermore, regional CSR Roong oces
may recommend additional installing
specications based on experience o a
particular region, so it is also advisable to
consult your local CSR Roong oce prior
to commencement o work.
To acilitate this, the Australian Standards AS
1170.2, AS 4055 and NZS 4203 are to be
considered, regarding:
The regional design wind speeds
The terrain category o a building site
The Technical Record 440 (TR440)
extension o this code, which is
deemed to be the standard or design o
products or most cyclonic areas
This is particularly applicable inAustralia to areas north o the latitude
250 south, and within 50kms o the
coast (including o shore islands).
Local requirements and covenants
determined by State and/or local
statutory authorities. Special conditions
may apply to the site in relation to
items a), b) and c)
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
4/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
wind caTegories
Winds and the pressure they create,
must be considered when speciying roo
structures and roong materials.
The negative pressure exerted to the leeward
side o a pitched roo at 35m/s can be
greater than the weight o the tiles, thereore
determining the wind orce aecting a
site at height is essential to identiy theappropriate level o security installation.
The magnitude o these wind orces is
aected by the ollowing actors:
Basic wind speed, Direction, Terrain and
Building height.
Basic wind speed categoriesAS 1170.2/Amdt 3 and AS 4055 provides
inormation on wind speeds generally
aecting dierent regions o Australia.
r b
r c
r b(ausTralian TerriTory only)
r b
r b
r d
r c
r c
r c
r a4
r a1
r a5(wiThin 70km
o melbourne gpo)
r a3
r a2
lord howe islandregion a
norolk islandsregion bcorindi
brisbaneToowoomba
kyogle
bourke
bundaberg
rockhampTon
biloela
collinsville
Townsville
aTherTon
dunbar
cairns
mareeba
moreTonmcdonnell creek
142
11
burkeTown
wesT moreland
borroloola
adelaideriver
kununurra
alice springs
ivanhoe
darwin
wyndham (c)
broome
porT hedland
croydonkarraTha
onslowmarble bar
millsTream
gascoyne JuncTion
callyTharra
mullewa
morawakalgoorlie
gunyidi
perThesperance
albany
greenhead
carnarvon
woomera
adelaidecanberra
geelong70kmmounT gambier
sydney
hobarT
sTaTe border
50km
easT sale
200km
20
25
35
40
45
30
35
30
25
20
27
a3
r t t tta [a1 t a5], b, c d.
ct r t t t t 50, 100, 150 200.
i t 50 t t t r t jt t.
r a
non-cyclonic classiicaTion
r b r c r d
cyclonic classiicaTion
chrisTmas islandregion b
cocos islandregion c
ausTralia
negaTive pressure (sucTion) leeward side
regions v(m/s)
a 41
b 49
c 57
d 69
regions v(m/s)
a 50
b 60
c 70
d 85
regions v(m/s)
a 38
b 38
c 45
d 50
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
5/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
d
esign
3
secTion3
* NZS 4203 General Structual
Design and Design Loading or
Buildings provides inormation on
wind speeds generally aecting
dierent regions o New Zealand.
For urther inormation on Wind
Loads in New Zealand reer to NZS
4203 General Structual Design
and Design Loading or Buildings.
kaiTaia
whangarei
auckland
morrinsvillehunTly
hamilTon
new plymouTh
ohakuna
waiouruwanganui
palmersTon norTh
Tauranga
roTorua
gisborneTaupo
napier
waipawa
waipukurau
upper huT
wellingTonnelson
wesTporT bienheim
hammersprings
hokiTika
haasT
milord sound
cromwell
alexandra
invercargilldunedin
Twizel Timaru
meThven
chrisTchurch
culverden
kaikoura
r a6
r a7
r wr a7
44
37
dt t t t t tt .
s : 012
souTh easT wind
ot : 1230
s : 012
ot : 1230
norTh wesT wind
lee mulTiplier, m
new zealand
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
6/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
Based on the Wind Class
specication provided, CSR Roong
is able to assess the appropriate
level o security installation required
or the roo in accordance with AS
2050 Installation o Roo Tiles.
Wind Classication system N1, N2,
N3, N4, N5, N6 or non-cyclonic
Regions A and B, and C1, C2, C3
and C4 or cyclonic Regions C and
D shall be considered. The system
includes the combinations o
regions, terrain categories, shielding
o housing and topographic eects
given in Table 2.
It is the speciers responsibility to
determine the wind speed aecting a site
and a house design. In other words to
determine the Wind Class o a regional area
combined with the Wind Speeds aecting
a site. Cyclone aected regions will have a
Wind Class rom C1 to C4. For non-cyclonic
regions, a Wind Class rom N1 to usually
N4 is required to be specied on your
roong structure plan.
The table below summarises the
relationship between the Wind Speeds and
the Wind Class.
taBle 1: design wind speed equivalent values/as 4055
wind caTegory km/hor non-cyclonic
regions a and b
or cyclonic
regions c and d
design gusT wind speed
(m/sec) permissible
sTress meThod only
w28 101 n1 28
w33 119 n2 33
w41 148 n3 c1 41
w50 180 n4 c2 50
w60 216 n5 c3 60
w70 252 n6 c4 70
taBle 2: wind classification system (refer as 4055)region Terrain
caTegoryTopographic classiicaTion
T1
s ps ns
T2
s ps ns
T3
s ps ns
T4
s ps ns
T5
s ps ns
a Tc 3 n1 n1 n1 n2 n2 n2 n2 n3 n3 n2 n3 n3 n3 n3 n4
Tc 2.5 n1 n1 n2 n2 n3 n3 n2 n3 n3 n3 n3 n4 n3 n4 n4
Tc 2 N1 N2 N2 n2 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4
Tc 1 n2 n3 n3 n3 n3 n4 n3 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n5 n5
b Tc 3 n2 n2 n3 n3 n3 n4 n3 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n4 n5 n5
Tc 2.5 n2 n3 n3 n3 n4 n4 n3 n4 n4 n4 n4 n5 n4 n5 n5
Tc 2 n2 n3 n3 n3 n4 n4 n4 n4 n5 n4 n5 n5 n5 n5 n6
Tc 1 n3 n4 n4 n4 n5 n5 n4 n5 n5 n5 n5 n6 n5 n6 n6c Tc 3 c1 c1 c2 c2 c2 c3 c2 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c4 c4
Tc 2.5 c1 c2 c2 c2 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c3 c4 c4 c4 c4 na
Tc 1, Tc 2 c2 c2 c2 c2 c3 c3 c3 c4 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 na na
d Tc 3 c2 c3 c3 c3 c4 c4 c3 c4 c4 c4 na na na na na
Tc 2.5 c2 c3 c3 c3 c4 c4 c4 na na c4 na na na na na
Tc 1, Tc 2 c3 c3 c4 c4 na na c4 na na na na na na na na
FS ull shielding PS partial shielding
NS no shielding N non-cyclonic
C cyclonic N/A not applicable
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
7/14
d
esign
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
5
secTion3
Terrain caTegories
the four terraincategories are:Terrain Category 1
Zo= 0.002M
Exposed open terrain with ew or no
obstructions, in which the average
height o objects surrounding the
structure is less than 1.5 metres.
This category includes water
suraces (open sea coast and lakes),
fat and treeless plains, and open
snowelds.
Terrain Category 2
Zo= 0.02M
Open terrain, grassland with ew
well-scattered obstructions having
heights generally rom 1.5 to 10.0
metres. This category includes
open parkland and sparsely built up
outskirts o towns and suburbs.
Terrain Category 3
Zo= 0.2M
Terrain with numerous closely
spaced obstructions having the size
o domestic houses. This includes
most suburban areas.
Terrain Category 4
Zo= 2.0M
Terrain with numerous large,
high (10.0 to 30.0 metres) and
close obstructions, such as large
city centres and well-developed
industrial complexes.
terrainThe shielding provided by permanent
structures, hills and vegetation has the
eect o modiying wind speeds.
Terrain categories are used or determining
a sites exposure to wind. In Australia,
terrain is dened in accordance with AS
1170.2 and AS 4055 into our categories.
In NZ, the relevant standard is NZS 4203.
For the eective use o this tool, the
direction and speed o wind fows towards a
site must be assessed.
0.000
0.002 Natural snow surace (fat)
0.006 Desert (stones)
0.008 Cut grass (10mm)
0.02 Rough open water suraces
at wind speeds (Vu) and (Vp),
Isolated trees, uncut grass and
airelds
0.04 Crops
0.06 Few trees
Long grass (600mm)
0.2 Level wooded country,
Suburban buildings
0.4 Centres o small towns
0.8 High density metropolitan
1.0 Forests
2.0 City buildings (10.0m to 30.0m)
roughness length (2)m
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
8/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
ixing requiremenTs orTiles and accessories
taBle 3: as2050 minimum mechanical installing requirements for tiles and ancillaries
wind classiicaTion Tile insTalling ancillary insTalling
edge o roo ield o roo ridge, hip and barge Tiles
u t
n2 n1 n2
m t t t
t t
tt
m t t
u t n3 c1 m t
t
m t
t
m t t
n4 c1/c3 m t
t
m t
t
m t t
taBle 4: as 2050 wind classification and maXimum design gust wind speed
wind classiicaTion maximum design gusT wind speed (m/s)
permissable sTress
meThod (vp)
serviceabiliTy limiT
sTaTe (vs)
ulTimaTe limiT
sTaTe (vu)
n1 28 (w28n) 26 34
n2 33 (w33n) 26 40
n3c1 41 (w41n/c) 32 50
n4c2 50 (w50n/c) 39 61
c3 60 (w60c) 47 74
Note: Wind classifcations are as defned in AS 4055
taBle 5: australian mechanical requirements for tiles and accessories
design windvelociTy (m/s)
Tile ixing ridge ixing barge ixing
edge o roo ield o roo ridge Tiles hip ridge Tiles
u t t t
< 33
m f t t 2
t t 2 t
, t 2
m f
t.
m f
t.
m f
t.
> 34 < 41 m f
t 2
m f
2 t
m f
t
m f t
t.
m f
t.
> 41 < 60 m f
t
m f
t
m f
t
m f
t.
m f
t.
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
9/14
d
esign
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
7
secTion3
taBle 6: new zealand minimum fiXing requirements for tiles and accessories
design wind velociTy(m/s)
Tile ixing
edge o roo/body
o roo
ridge & hip ixing barge ixing
low wind speed
u t 32 /
m f t
2 t t
2 t ,
t 2
a
t
m f
t
medium wind speed
u t 37 /
m f t
2 t t
2 t ,
t 2
a
t
m f
t
high wind speed
up To 44 m/s
m f t
2 t t
2 t ,
t 2
a
t
m f
t
very high wind speed
u t 50 /
m f t a
t
m f
t
speciic engineering
designo 50 /
p t r
csr rf of
p t r
csr rf of
p t r
csr rf of
Note:
Accepted methods o mechanical fxing are specifed later in this manual.
CSR Roofng recommends the use o Flexible Pointing as standard or all roos, removing the need or other orms o mechanical fxing. Flexible Pointing also provides
other signifcant benefts reerred to later in this manual.
Please consult your regional CSR Roofng ofce or their specifc recommendations.
taBle 7: australian fiXing recommendations
windclass
sarking/underlay
securiTy pads mechanicallyix Tiles
mechanicallyix eave Tiles
anTi-pondingboard
ixingbody and edgeo roo
n1 ot
t
ot
ot ot
r
t 20
jt t tt
ft
s t 3
n2
r
n3
mt
f as
4200.2
n4
mt r
c1
c2
c3
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
10/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
taBle 8: new zealand fiXing recommendations
wind class underlay mechanically ix Tiles
mechanicallyix eave Tiles
anTi-pondingboard
ixing body &edge o roo
l ot
t
r
t 200s T 6
m r
t 200s T 6
h r
t 200s T 6
v h mt r
t 200s T 6
Denotes recommendation
minimum roof pitchCSR Roong tiles are designed and tested
to cope with the diverse range o wind and
weather conditions across Australia and
New Zealand.
The ollowing actors aect the design o
your roo:
the roof tile selectionWith a proled roo tile, the depressions
in the body o the tile act as a natural
watercourse, enabling water to be
channelled down the roo quickly.
For fatter proled tiles, these depressions
are either less prominent or do not eature.
As a result, water is reer to be pushed
across the roo surace by wind. The eect
is that water migrates to the watercourse o
the tile.
the pitch of the roofThe greater the pitch, the greater the orce
o gravity combined with wind orce to pull
water rom the roo.
Conversely, the lesser the pitch, the lesser
the orce o gravity combined with wind
orce to pull water rom the roo.
For this reason, tiling is not recommended
below 15 degrees without special
precautions being taken in direct
consultation with your regional CSR Roong
oce. Indeed, AS 2050 states where
it is intended to x tiles to roos with a
pitch o less than 15 degrees, the tile
manuacturers advice should be sought.
Sarking/underlay is a pliable oil installed
prior to xing the roo battens.
In New Zealand underlay is a sel
supporting building paper. Not only does
sarking/underlay act as a secondary water
catchment, sarking/underlay also aids with
keeping your home cooler and dust ree.
There are several diering grades o
sarking/underlay, it is recommended that
you consult with your local CSR Roong
representative who can assist you with the
correct application to suit your particular
design.
Table 9 indicates the minimum roo pitch at
which CSR Roong tiles are to be installed,
with and without the need or sarking/
underlay, or each region.
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
11/14
D
ESIGN
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
9
SECTION3
TABLE 9: MINIMUM ROOF PITCH DEGREES
MINIMUMPITCH
NSW VIC QLD SA WA(SURROUNDING
PERTH)
NZ CYCLONEAREA
MONIER
CONCRETEWithout
Sark
With
Sark
Without
Sark
With
Sark
Without
Sark
With
Sark
Without
Sark
With
Sark
Without
Sark
With
Sark
Without
Sark
With
Sark
Without
Sark
With
Sark
Elabana 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 # 17.5
Centurion 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 # 17.5
Tudor 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 na na na 17.5
Waverley 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 na na na 17.5
Homestead 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15 na na na 17.5
Traditional 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15 na na # 17.5
Georgian 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 25 22.5 na na # 25
Cambridge 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 25 22.5 na na # 25
Horizon 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 25 22.5 # 25 # 25
Madison 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 20 15^ 25 22.5 na na # 25
WUNDERLICH TERRACOTTA
Modern
French
20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 25 20 # 17.5
Nouveau 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 25 20 # 18.5
Marseille 20 15 20 15 20 15 20 15 a a 25 20 # 17.5
Nullarbour # 25 # 25 # 22.5 # 25 # 22.5 # 25 # 25
Heritage
Shingle*# 25 # 25 # 25 # 25 # 25 # 25 # 25
# Sarking/underlay required regardless of pitch
Anti ponding boards are required for pitches less than 20 deg and in cyclone areas
Consideration must be given to rafter length, site exposure and terrain category when determining roof pitch
^ Refer to EDGE technology xing specication
* Longer lead times and minimum order quantities apply Not all proles available in all states, check availability with your local sales ofce
Maximum rafter lengths apply, refer to Table 10, page 11 in Section 4.
na not available
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
12/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
edge Technologyixing speciicaTion
monier roof tiles treated with edge technology*
edge technologyMoniers breakthrough EDGE Technology is a patented process that now oers architects
and designers greater fexibility when it comes to contemporary roo design. EDGE
technology has been comprehensively eld tested, and has also undergone rigorous wind
tunnel testing to endure product perormance exceeds AS 2050-2002. Additionally,
successul testing has also been conducted at Laarges world class acility in London England.
product specificationThis xing specication is to be used when installing Monier roo tiles that have been
treated with Moniers Patented EDGE technology. Available in selected states.
product rangeHorizon, Georgian, Cambridge, Madison
sarking/underlayMandatory or all pitches below 20 degrees. Additional consideration must be given to
locations that are elevated, or in coastal regions with our exposed to high wind speeds.
minimum roof pitch15 degrees with sarking/underlay.
At the minimum roo pitch o 15 degrees, the maximum rater length is 4.5metres.
For longer raters lengths add 2 degrees to the pitch or every addional metre.
head lap100mm or all pitches below 20 degrees.
I sarking/underlay is used at 20 degrees , a head lap o 80mm is permissible providing the
terrain category is not less than T2.5.
fiXingNailing is required or wind speeds up to N2.
Cyclone clips are required or wind speeds o N3 or more.
generalSpecial Consideration should be given to regions prone to cyclonic activity. Alternate xing
methods may need to be adopted. Reer these enquiries to the technical support team.
*Not available in all states
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
13/14
d
esign
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
11
secTion3
raTer lengThand spacings
rafter (truss) spacingsThe wider the rater spacing, the
greater the stresses upon them, and
the batten specied.
Battens made o timber should
be sound, and in sucient length
and size to meet regional xing
requirements. Batten sizes and
types vary by region, however must
be xed in accordance with the
AS 1684 or AS 1720.1 and NZS
3604 in New Zealand.
rafter lengthconsiderationsCSR Roong tiles are designed
to be dimensionally consistent,
allowing some tolerance to assist
the roo tiler during set out.
However, it is advisable to consider
the rater length at the design stage,
to avoid the need to cut a short tile
course.
rafter lengthWith heavy rainall, a considerable volume
o water can accumulate at the bottom o a
roo. The longer the roo run (rater length),
the more water accumulates.
AS 2050 states long rater lengths may
require sarking/underlay to preventinundation o water into the roo. These
lengths may vary according to the tile, the
pitch o the roo and the exposure.
CSR Roong advises against the use o
minimum pitch or long rater lengths
without sarking/underlay. As a general guide
or contoured tiles, rater length should not
exceed 4.5m at a minimum pitch o 15
degrees. For every 0.5m increase in rater
length above 4.5 metres, the pitch should
increase by 1 degree until the acceptable
pitch o 22.5 degrees is reached or long
raters.
Table 10 indicates the rater length
dimensions at which sarking/underlayshould be installed over the aected roo
area. Advice should be sought rom your
local CSR Roong oce with regard to
regional sarking/underlay installation
requirements.
taBle 10: pitch levels in relation to rafter lengthmaximum raTer lengTh (mm) roo degrees o piTch
4500 15
5000 16
5500 17
6000 18
6500 19
7000 20
7500 21
8000 22
1.
000
RATIO 1: 1.
000
1.
250
1.
500
1.
750
2.
000
2.
250
2.
500
2.
750
3.
000
3.
250
3.
500
3.
750
4.
000
4.
250
4.
500
4.
750
4.
000
rise and run chartPitch expressed as a ratio o rise to run.
Equivalent pitch in degrees is a close approximation only
7/27/2019 Australia Wind Roofing Classification
14/14
CSR ROOFING ARCHITECTURAL MANUAL
baTTen sizes andraTer spacings
The ollowing table summarises suitable batten types at varying rater spacings, with the current CSR Roong practice in each region.
taBle 11: Batten sizes and rafter spacings (mm)
baTTen maTerial speciicaTion
raTer spacing up To 450 451600 601900 9011200
n st w h 38 25 h 25 50 h 38 50 mt T 40
st 38 28 st 38 38 st 50 50
st 63 38
mt T 40
vt h 38 25 h 25 50 h 38 50/38 38 h 38 75
st 38 28 st 38 38 st 50 50 mt T 40
mt T 40 mt T 40
q h 38 25 h 25 50 h 38 50 h 50 50
st 38 38 st 40 50 mt T 40
mt T 40
st at h 38 25 h 25 38 h 38 50 h 50 75
mt T 40 st 50 50 mt T 40
mt T 40
wt at h 38 25 h 38 25 h 38 38 h 50 50
st 38 38 st 63 38
mt T 40 mt T 40 mt T40
T h 38 25 h 25 50 h 38 50 h 50 75
st 38 38 st 50 50 mt T 40
mt T 40 mt T 40
at ct
Tt
h 38 25 h 25 50 h 38 50 h 50 50
st 38 38 st 63 38 mt T 40
mt T 40
n z st 25 50 st 40 50 st 50 50 st 50 75*
mt T 40 mt T 40 mt T 40*
Green font denotes the recommended and commonly used batten specifcation in each region.
* With engineer approval
Where metal battens are used reer to the batten suppliers fxing specifcation.