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Australia CRCT Lecture Notes
Please answer all questions, learn for upcoming tests, & the CRCT
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on
a map?
Today’s StandardSS6G12 The student will be able to locate
selected features of Australia. a. Locate on a world and regional political-
physical map: the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great Victoria Desert.
Ayers Rock“Uluru”
Great Victoria Desert
Great Barrier Reef
CoralSea
Australia & Oceania
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map (Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great
Victoria Desert)?
Great Barrier Reef
The Coral Sea
Ayers Rock“Uluru”
Great Victoria Desert
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map (Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great
Victoria Desert)?
Today’s Standards
SS6G13 The student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution
on Australia. a. Describe how Australia’s location, climate, and natural resources have
affected where people live. b. Describe how Australia’s location, climate, and natural resources
impact trade.
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How does the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect where Australians choose to live and work?
How do the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect trade?
Location
Climate
Natural Resources
Where Do People Live?
Major Trading Partners
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How does the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect where Australians choose to live and work?
How do the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect trade?
Location
Climate
Natural Resourc
es
Where do
People Live?
Trade
-Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s
-Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold)
-80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas
-Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans
Location
Climate
Natural Resourc
es
Where do
People Live?
Trade
-Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s
-Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold)
-80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas
-Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans
Summer (Dec-Mar) Winter (June-Sept)
North – Tropical Central- Hot/Dry (Desert Conditions)Southeast & Southwest- Mild (Not Too Hot or Cold)
Location
Climate
Natural Resourc
es
Where do
People Live?
Trade
-Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s
-Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold)
-80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas
-Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans
Summer (Dec-Mar) Winter (June-Sept)
North – Tropical Central- Hot/Dry (Desert Conditions)Southeast & Southwest- Mild (Not Too Hot or Cold)
Arable Land for Farming & GrazingMinerals- Many (Iron, Copper, Tin, Gold, Etc.)
Energy- Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
***ABUNDANT RESOURCES***
Major Partners- Japan, China, & United StatesMajor Exports- Coal, Iron, Gold, Meat, Wool, Aluminum, WheatCurrency- Australian Dollar *Exchange Rate (3/11/2011)→ 1USD = 1.29 AD
Review StandardSS6H8 The student will describe the culture and
development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans.
a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained?
How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?
Aboriginal Australians
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained?
How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?
The Worlds Oldest Inhabitants?
1. Did people arrive first in Europe or Australia?
2. What evidence was found in 1971 to validate this idea?
3.When did the first fleet of European settlers arrive?
Aboriginal Australians
Aborigines And Their Culture
4. How did the first Aborigines reach Australia?
5. When did they first arrive?
Aboriginal Australians
A Perfect Environment; Land, The Ultimate Provider; Gatherers
6. How did Aborigines get the food they needed?
7. Why do you think the Aborigines did not cultivate crops like others in Asia, Africa, & Europe?
Aboriginal Australians
Hunters
8. What were some of the methods that the Aborigines used to hunt animals for resources
9. What role did women play in Aboriginal life?
Aboriginal Australians
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How did Aborigines migrate to Australia?
How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained?
How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?
Today’s Standard
SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia.
a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; include the use of prisoners as colonists.
b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous peoples of Australia.
Colonial Flag of Australia
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What are the reasons for British colonization of Australia (use of prisoners as colonists)?
How are the indigenous people (Aborigines) affected by colonization (diseases and weapons)?
Cook
Early Map produced by the Royal Navy
An Engraving of the Discovery (1770)
Gold ProspectorsIn Colonial Australia
The Indigenous
cost of European
Empire Building
When did the Britishfind Australia?
Why did the BritishWant to colonize
Australia?
Who were some of the 1st settlersTo arrive in Australia?
What was the relationship between the Aborigines & the British at first?
How did this change & why?
How did British colonialismAffect Aborigines negatively?
What is the most widespreadlanguage & religion in Australia today?
1770- Discovery 1788- 1st prisoners arrive1793- 1st Free Settlers Arrive
-Good base for Royal Navy in the Pacific-Easy access to far eastern trading partners
-Penal Colony for British Prisoners
PRISONERS :Sent to perform hard labor & build colonial towns
Positive/Good:Aborigines helped them learn to survive in harsh
conditions
Good to Bad→ Aborigines were forced off traditional lands & tried to fight the British settlers
Many died fighting the BritishDiseases killed approx. ½ of the Aborigines
The Aborigines that survived suffered in poverty & lower class social status
Language – English (78.5%)
Religion – Christianity (Catholic- 25.8%; Anglican-18.7%)
Source: CIA World Fact Book
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What are the reasons for British colonization of Australia (use of prisoners as colonists)?
How are the indigenous people (Aborigines) affected by colonization (diseases and weapons)?
Review StandardSS6H8 The student will describe the culture and
development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans.
a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.
Today’s Standard
SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia.
a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; include the use of prisoners as colonists.
b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous peoples of Australia.
Colonial Flag of Australia
Today’s Standard
SS6G14 The student will describe the cultural characteristics of people who live in
Australia.
a. Explain the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia.
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What is the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia?
“My Aussie Adventure” By: J.Maiden
I’m on an airplane to Los Angeles. The in-flight movie is something terrible called High School Musical. I’ve decided that the next few hours would be best spent documenting my recent trip to Australia. I guess the beginning would be the best place to begin.
I arrived in Sydney about one week ago. This is a beautiful harbor city which is home to more Australians than any other city in the country. Most people around the world assume that Sydney is the capital, but Canberra is the actual capital city of this country/continent. It is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Immediately, I was greeted by a very excited sheila. She exclaimed “G’Day Mate” and welcome to Australia! I asked her if she could direct me to the nearest restroom. “See that bloke on the red pushy smokin’ a fag?” I said “yeah.” “The dunny is just through that door behind him.” I said thanks & was on my way.
Later that night, I decided to get some early rest because the next day I was going to visit the largest coral reef in the world. The Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland is a place I’ve always wanted to visit. I was making sure that I had the correct name of the banana-bender I was meeting up with tomorrow in Brisbane (the capital of Queensland State). We would leave there by boat & head to the reef. While imagining how cool the next day would be, I dozed off into a deep sleep.
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What is the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia?
Australian Culture Today
Languages- English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6%
Ethnicity (Race)- White 92%, Asian 7%, Aboriginal & Other 1%
Religions- Catholic 28.5%, Anglican 18.7%
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How did Aborigines migrate to Australia?
What impact did the migration of the Aborigines have on the development of society and culture in Australia?
How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained?
How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?
What does “Literacy Rate” mean?
The % of the total population of a country over the age of 15 that can read & write.
What Does “Standard Of Living” Mean?
The level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. The standard of living includes factors such as income, quality and availability of employment, class disparity, poverty rate, quality and affordability of housing, hours of work required to purchase necessities, gross domestic product, inflation rate, number of vacation days per year, affordable (or free) access to quality healthcare, quality and availability of education, life expectancy, incidence of disease, cost of goods and services, infrastructure, national economic growth, economic and political stability, political and religious freedom, environmental quality, climate and safety. The standard of living is closely related to quality of life.
On the Back of Your Graph Paper….
-Find 4 countries w/ Literacy Rates below 70%*List For Each: 1. The Name of the Country
2. The Literacy Rate 3. The Life Expectancy
-Find 4 countries w/ Literacy Rates above 95%*List For Each: 1. The Name of the Country
2. The Literacy Rate 3. The Life Expectancy
Is the life expectancy higher or lower in countries with Literacy Rates below 70%?
LOWER
Is the life expectancy higher or lower in countries with Literacy Rates above 95%?
HIGHER
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How does specialization enhance Australia’s ability to trade with other countries?
How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) slow down voluntary trade from occurring between countries?
Today’s Standard
SS6E4 The student will explain personal money
management choices in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing.
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How does a person decide on what to spend his/her income?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of investing?
Personal Money Management
Savings
Budget
Investment
Credit
Interest
*“Income” – Money someone receives
Income that is not spent after people buy what they need or want
Spending and Saving Plan*Helps people, companies, organizations decide
how to best use income (money received)
Using some money now in the hopes of making more later
$15 per week x 4 weeks 60birthday check from grandparents 30
(TI) 90
bicycle tune-up 20
new tire 5
Video Game 50(TE) 75
TI - TE = TS 15
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How does a person decide on what to spend his/her income?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of investing?
Today’s Standard
SS6E4 The student will explain personal money
management choices in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing.
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What is credit?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit?
What is interest?
Personal Money Management
Savings
Budget
Investment
Credit
Interest
*“Income” – Money someone receives
Income that is not spent after people buy what they need or want
Spending and Saving Plan*Helps people, companies, organizations decide
how to best use income (money received)
Using some money now in the hopes of making more later
The ability to borrow money
A fee for the use of borrowed money→Credit Cards & Banks charge you interest for borrowed money
→A bank might give you interest for savings…. (they can use the money to give others loans & that’s how they make money)
x .05 100 + 5 = $105
x .02 550 + 11 = $561
x .07 1,200 + 84 = $1,284
x .11 5,000 + 550 = $5,550
$106
$106
$6.36
$112.36
$112.36
$6.74
$119.10
$119.10
$7.14
$126.24
$126.24
$7.57
$133.81
$133.81
$8.02
$141.83
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What is credit?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit?
What is interest?
Today’s Standard
SS6CG6 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.
a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How is power distributed in different forms of government (unitary, confederation, and federal)?
How do citizens participate in different forms of government (autocratic, oligarchic, democratic)?
Today’s Standards
SS6CG6 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.
c. Describe the two predominate forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.
Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)”
What do most democracies (both Presidential & Parliamentary) have in common?
“Parliamentary” Democracy vs. “Presidential” Democracy
The White HouseWashington D.C., United States
Australian
Australian Parliament House
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
American President Barack Obama
AustralianPrime Minister
Julia Gillard
Parliamentary
Presidential
Legislature has the most powerSeparation of Powers within Central
Govt.
Prime Minister is Head of Govt.
President is Head of Govt.
Head of Govt. is elected by the people
Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature
Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt.
New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign
Legislature has the most powerSeparation of Powers within Central
Govt.
Prime Minister is Head of Govt.
President is Head of Govt.
Head of Govt. is elected by the people
Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature
Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt.
New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign
Today’s StandardS
SS6CG7 The student will explain the structure of the national government of Australia.
a. Describe the federal parliamentary democracy of Australia, distinguishing form of leadership, type of legislature, and the role of the citizen
in terms of voting and personal freedoms.
Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)”
What is the structure of the Australian government?
What role does the citizen have as a participant in Australia’s government?
Australian Government
Distribution of Power6 States & 2 Territories
Prime Minister
Julia Gillard*Elected By Parliament- Not Directly
by the People
Head of StateQueen Elizabeth II*Not Elected- Born into the Royal Family
Australian Parliament House
Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory
Head of Government
Type of Government
Distribution of Power
Citizen Participation
Type of Representative Democracy
Head of Govt.(How does he/she get the job?)
Legislature(Law-Making Body)
Role of CitizensVoting:
Personal Freedoms:
Prime Minister: Julia Gillard (since 2010) - Australian Labor Party
*is elected/chosen by the Parliament, NOT directly by the people like the U.S.
Federal Parliamentary Democracy
FEDERAL: 6 States & 2 TerritoriesCentral Govt./Capital – Canberra (Australian Capital Territory)
HIGH- Representative Democracy
Parliamentary
Federal Parliament (2 Houses)Senate & House of Representatives
Mandatory voting (18yrs. & older)Similar to ours:Freedom of Speech, Religion, Voting, etc.
Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)”
What is the structure of the Australian government?
What role does the citizen have as a participant in Australia’s government?
What do most democracies (both Presidential & Parliamentary) have in common?
What do you know about Australian
Aborigines?
Review StandardSS6H8 The student will describe the culture and
development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans.
a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How did Aborigines migrate to Australia?
What impact did the migration of the Aborigines have on the development of society and culture in Australia?
How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained?
How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?
Aboriginal Australians
Where did the 1st Inhabitants of Australia Come from?
How did they get there?
When did they get there?
Economy
Government(Organization of Society)
Beliefs
Cultural Expression(s)
Most Likely Southeast Asia
Possibly by watercraft (small rafts)*Some areas may not have been covered in water as they are today
(New Guinea & Australia may have been one landmass)
Approximately 40,000 years ago
Traditional – Hunting & Gathering
Animism – Interconnected w/ natureOrigin Mythology – “Dreamtime”
Visual – Dot ArtMusical – Didgeridoo
Oral Storytelling
Tribal (varied from group-to-group) Autocratic- Ruled by a chief
Oligarchic- Ruled by a group of eldersDemocratic- group made decisions by consensus
Australian Aboriginal“Dot Art”
“Didgeridoo”
“Koobor the Koala and Water” Australian Aboriginal Legend
The art of storytelling
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How did Aborigines migrate to Australia?
What impact did the migration of the Aborigines have on the development of society and culture in Australia?
How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained?
How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?
What is Economics??????Economics is the study of how people
manage their resources.
Today’s Standard
SS6E8 The student will analyze different economic systems.
a. Compare how traditional, command, and market, economies answer the economic questions of 1 -what to produce, 2-how to produce, and 3-for
whom to produce.
b. Explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure market and pure command.
c. Describe the economic system used in Australia.
Today’s Standard
SS6E9 The student will give examples of how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in
Australia.
a. Explain how specialization makes trade possible between countries.
b. Compare and contrast different types of trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas and embargos.
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What types of economic systems exist in the world today?
What is the economic system used in Australia?
Types of Economic Systems
Traditional- customs & habits of a society will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed
(Usually includes bartering, rather than money). Traditional economies are becoming more rare.
ECONOMY What is Produced?
How Goods are Produced
How People Get Products
Traditional
Command
Market
Types of Economic Systems
EX→ Australian Aborigines
What people need to survive
(food, shelter, & tools)
FarmingHunting
Gathering
People make their own, share, or trade
Types of Economic Systems
Command- Government will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed.
Government will set prices and set regulations (rules) that industries must follow.
ECONOMY What is Produced?
How Goods are Produced
How People Get Products
Traditional
Command
Market
Types of Economic Systems
EX→ Australian Aborigines
What people need to survive
(food, shelter, & tools)
FarmingHunting
Gathering
People make their own, share, or trade
EX→ Soviet Union Cuba
Whatever the government decides
However the government decides
However the government decides
-Class-Reward System-Waiting in Line
Types of Economic Systems
Market- Individuals, private companies, & consumers will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed (Supply & Demand). Individuals and companies
are allowed to produce freely without government interference.
ECONOMY What is Produced?
How Goods are Produced
How People Get Products
Traditional
Command
Market
Types of Economic Systems
EX→ Australian Aborigines
What people need to survive
(food, shelter, & tools)
FarmingHunting
Gathering
People make their own, share, or trade
EX→ Soviet Union Cuba
Whatever the government decides
However the government decides
However the government decides
-Class-Reward System-Waiting in Line
EX→ Canada United Kingdom
Whatever people are willing to buy & sell
Business Owners determine the most
efficient legal methods of production
Determined by how much a person is able
or willing to pay
Types of Economy
MIXED- The most common type in the world. Most nations today have some form of “mixed economy.” This means that the national economy may have some aspects of a market economy & some aspects of a command economy.
EXAMPLES
The United States is thought to have a “mixed” economy.The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs
Australia is thought to have a “mixed” economy. The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs. Australia is thought to have one of the freest economies in the world.
Economic Systems
PureMarket
(No Government Control)
Mixed Economy(All modern economies fall into this category)
PureCommand
(Total Government Control)
AUSTRALIACertain things are
regulated , like illegal drugs & the Govt.
runs the Postal Service
BRAZILCertain things are regulated & the Govt. runs the Postal
Service & Healthcare
CUBAThe Govt.
runs all industry.
Country Type of Economy
GrowingOr
Struggling
What government controls
AustraliaMixed Market
GrowingNot Much-
Postal Service &Some substances
are illegal
Australian Economic DataSource: CIA World Fact Book
Type of Currency:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): World Rank:
GDP per Capita:World Rank:
What does a high GDP & GDP per Capita tell us about the Standard of Living in a country?______________________________________________________________
Australian Dollar
$889.6 Billion est.2010
18th $41,300 est. 2010
17th
It is probably pretty good
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
What types of economic systems exist in the world today?
What is the economic system used in Australia?
How would your life be different if all international trade was
banned?
Intro to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How does specialization enhance Australia’s ability to trade with other countries?
How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) hinder voluntary trade from
occurring between countries?
Specialization- When a country focuses on producing what they can produce and sell most
easily.
Hey Australia! What is your Specialty???????Australia specializes in the production and export of: Coal, Iron Ore, Wool, Wheat, & Mineral Resources
SPECIALIZATION:______________________________________________________________________________________
3 Ways “specialization” benefits (helps) Australia and/or encourages worldwide trading:
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
When a country produces the few things that it can
produce & sell most easily.
Specializes & makes products from its own natural resources
Exports its products & makes money
Imports products it can’t make itself & other countries make money
****EVERYBODY WINS****
Human-Made Trade Barriers
Tariff – a Tax on Imported Goods (makes them more expensive & makes it less likely consumers will buy)
Quota- A Limit on the amount of goods that can be imported from another country.
Embargo- A total Ban on trade with a country – Usually motivated by politics to hurt another country economically.
Human-Made Trade Barrier
What is it? Why is it done?
TARIFF
QUOTA
EMBARGO
Tax on imported goods
To raise the prices of imported foreign goods, so
people choose to buy cheaper goods made
domestically
Limit on the amount of
imported goods
To raise the prices of imported foreign goods, so
people choose to buy cheaper goods made
domestically
Total ban on imported goods from a country
To punish a country
economically
Australian Economic DataSource: CIA World Fact Book
ExportsExports:World Rank: Export Partners:
Major Exports:
ImportsImports: World Rank: Import Partners:
Major Imports:
$210.7 Billion est.2010
21China 21.81%, Japan 19.19%, South Korea 7.88%, India 7.51%, US 4.95%, UK 4.37%, NZ 4.1%
coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment
$200.4 Billion est.2010
21China 17.94%, US 11.26%, Japan 8.36%, Thailand 5.81%, Singapore 5.54%, Germany 5.3%
machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products
Return to our……. “Essential
Question(s)”
How does specialization enhance Australia’s ability to trade with other countries?
How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) hinder voluntary trade from
occurring between countries?
What is Literacy Rate?% of a country’s population (15yrs. & Up) that can READ & WRITE
What is Standard of Living?“Quality of Life” – Based on availability of resources to citizens
What sort of statistical data can be used to gauge, or measure standard of living?
Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality Rate, Average Income, Average Level of Education, Amount of Internet Users, Etc.
Did we find a relationship between literacy rate & standard of living during our data analysis?
YES….. We found: that countries w/ a higher literacy rate typically had a higher standard of living & countries w/ a lower literacy typically had a lower standard of living
=